基于热管技术的相变材料强化传热技术进展
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摘要
相变材料以其高蓄能密度成为蓄能领域的研究热点,但由于相变材料导热系数较低其应用受到很大的限制。针对此类现象,综述了微胶囊、金属材料、碳材料及热管技术强化相变材料传热性能的研究,并通过分析总结各种强化相变材料传热的方法的优点及缺陷。研究发现,发现热管与相变材料耦合的优势及潜力,但目前该研究处于初级阶段,仍需大量的研究工作以完善其耦合体系及其强化传热机理。
The sustainable development of energy and the environment has aroused widespread concern.The requirements for energy utilization are getting higher and higher,and efficient heat storage and heat transfer devices are urgently needed.Phase change material has become a hot spot in the field of energy storage with its high energy storage density,but due to the low thermal conductivity,its application has been greatly limited.The methods and research progress of strengthening the thermal conductivity of phase change materials are reviewed.The heat transfer properties of phase change materials reinforced by microcapsules,metal materials and carbon materials are introduced respectively.As a new type of high-efficiency heat transfer device,heat pipe has become the focus of research in the field of heat energy,and it has excellent performance in the field of aerospace,thermal management,phase change heat storage,and has great development prospects.The heat transfer enhancement methods,research progress and application of heat pipes are highlighted.At present,the research on the coupling system of heat pipe and phase change material is at an early stage.And it still requires a lot of research work to perfect the coupling system and its mechanism.The inadequacies in the study of the coupling of heat pipes and phase change materials are proposed and the directions for further study are also put forward.
The sustainable development of energy and the environment has aroused widespread concern.The requirements for energy utilization are getting higher and higher,and efficient heat storage and heat transfer devices are urgently needed.Phase change material has become a hot spot in the field of energy storage with its high energy storage density,but due to the low thermal conductivity,its application has been greatly limited.The methods and research progress of strengthening the thermal conductivity of phase change materials are reviewed.The heat transfer properties of phase change materials reinforced by microcapsules,metal materials and carbon materials are introduced respectively.As a new type of high-efficiency heat transfer device,heat pipe has become the focus of research in the field of heat energy,and it has excellent performance in the field of aerospace,thermal management,phase change heat storage,and has great development prospects.The heat transfer enhancement methods,research progress and application of heat pipes are highlighted.At present,the research on the coupling system of heat pipe and phase change material is at an early stage.And it still requires a lot of research work to perfect the coupling system and its mechanism.The inadequacies in the study of the coupling of heat pipes and phase change materials are proposed and the directions for further study are also put forward.
引文
[1]Bosea P,Amirtham V A.A review on thermal conductivity enhancement of paraffin wax as latent heat energy storage material[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,06(71):81-100.
[2]Huang X,Alva G,Jia Y T,et al.Morphological characterization and applications of phase change materials in thermal energy storage:a review[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2017,72:128-145.
[3]Khan Z,Ghafoor A.A review of performance enhancement of PCM based latent heat storage system within the context of materials,thermal stability and compatibility[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2016,115(5):132-158.
[4]Dheep G R,Sreekumar A.Influence of nanomaterials on properties of latent heat solar thermal energy storage materials-a review[J].Energy Convers Manag,2014,83(4):133-148.
[5]Fan L W,Fang X,Wang X,et al.Effects of various carbon nanofillers on the thermal conductivity and energy storage properties of paraffin-based nanocomposite phase change materials[J].Appl Energy,2013,110(5):163-172.
[6]Zhang Y P,Lin K P,Yang R,et al.Preparation,thermal performance and application of shape-stabilized PCMin energy efficient buildings[J].Energy Build,2006,38(10):1262-1269.
[7]Qi G Q,Liang C L,Bao R Y,et al.Polyethylene glycol based shape-stabilized phase change material for thermal energy storage with ultra-low content of graphene oxide[J].Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells,2014,123(123):171-177.
[8]Mehrali M,LatibariS T,MehraliM,et al.Shape-stabilized phase change materials with high thermal conductivity based on paraffin/graphene oxide composite[J].Energy Convers Manag,2013,67(3):275-282.
[9]Jamekhorshid A,Sadrameli S M,Farid M.A review of microencapsulation methods of phase change materials(PCMs)as a thermal energy storage(TES)medium[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2014,31(2):531-542.
[10]Zhao C Y,Zhang G H.Review on microencapsulated phase change materials(MEPCMs):fabrication,characterization and applications[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2011,15(8):3813-3832.
[11]Abhat A.Low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage:heat storage materials[J].Solar Energy,1983,30(4):313-332.
[12]Lane D G.Low temperature heat storage with phase change materials[J].International Journal of Ambient Energy,1980,1(3):155-168.
[13]Kenisarin M M.High-temperature phase change materials for thermal energy storage[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010,14(3):955-970.
[14]Kenisarin M M.Thermophysical properties of some organic phase change materials for latent heat storage.Areview[J].Solar Energy,2014,107(9):553-575
[15]Marcus Y.Thermal energy storage[J].Thermal Energy Storage,2004,1(5):65-78.
[16]Hale M.Survey of thermal storage for parabolic trough power plants[M].National Renewable Energy Laboratory,2000,9.
[17]Zalba B,Marín J M,Cabeza L F,et al.Review on thermal energy storage with phase change:materials,heat transfer analysis and applications[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2003,23(3):251-283
[18]Sharma A,Tyagi V V,Chen C R,et al.Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications[j].Renew Sustain Energy Reviews,2009,13(2):318-345.
[19]Cabeza L F,Castell A,Barreneche C,et al.Materials used as PCM in thermal energy storage in buildings:a review[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2011,15(3):1675-1695.
[20]Ng D Q,Tseng Y L,Shih Y F,et al.Synthesis of novel phase change material microcapsule and its application[J].Polymer,2017(133):250-262.
[21]Shi Rukun,Wang Rui,Liu Xing,et al.Preparation and properties of phase change microcapsules/SMS smart thermostat fabrics[J].Material Review,2015,29(7):26-30(in Chinese).史汝琨,王瑞,刘星,等.相变微胶囊/SMS智能调温织物的制备及性能研究[J].材料导报,2015,29(7):26-30.
[22]Lashgari S,Arabi H,Mahdavian A R,et al.Thermal and morphological studies on novel PCM microcapsules containing n-hexadecane as the core in a flexible shell[J].Applied Energy,2017,190:612-622.
[23]Zhou Jianwei,Huang Jianxin,Liu Shaojun,et al.Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated composite phase change materials[J].Chemical Industry,2008,37(6):630-632(in Chinese).周建伟,黄建新,柳少军,等.微胶囊复合相变材料的制备及性能表征[J].应用化工,2008,37(6):630-632.
[24]Guo Junhong,Zhang Pengzhong,Mu Bo,et al.Graphene oxide reinforced polystyrene/butyl stearate microcapsule phase change materials[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2016,47(12):12178-12188(in Chinese).郭军红,张鹏中,慕波,等.氧化石墨烯增强聚苯乙烯/硬脂酸丁脂微胶囊相变材料的研究[J].功能材料,2016,47(12):12178-12188.
[25]Farid M M,Khudhair A M,Razack S A K.A review on phase change energy storage:materials and applications[J].Energ Convers Manage,2004,45(9):1597-1615.
[26]Chen Z Q,Gao D Y,Shi J.Experimental and numerical study on melting of phase change materials in metal foams at pore scale[J].International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,2014,72(5):646-655.
[27]Costa M,Buddhi D,Oliva A.Numerical simulation of a latent heat thermal energy storage system with enhanced heat conduction[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1998,39(3-4):319-330.
[28]Liu Z L,Sun X,Ma C F.Experimental investigation on the characteristics of melting processes of sttearic acid in an annulus and its thermal conductivity enhancement by fins[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2005,46:959-969.
[29]Zhai X Q,Cheng X W,WangC,et al.Experimental investigation and performance analysis of a fin tube phase change cold storage unit for high temperature cooling application[J].Energy&Buildings,2015,89:9-17.
[30]Zhao Y,Zhao C Y,Xu Z G,et al.Modeling metal foam enhanced phase change heat transfer in thermal energy storage by using phase field method[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,(99):170-181.
[31]Li W Q,Wan H,Lou H J,et al.Enhanced thermal management with microencapsulated phase change material particles infiltrated in cellular metal foam[J].Energy,2017,(127):671-679.
[32]Qian T,Li J,Min X,et al.Enhanced thermal conductivity of PEG/diatomite shape-stabilized phase change materials with Ag nanoparticles for thermal energy storage[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(16):8526-8536.
[33]Zhang Xuelai,Li Chunlei,Chen Xudong,et al.Study on nanometal-erythritol thermal storage system[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2014,35(12):2334-2337(in Chinese).章学来,李春蕾,陈旭东,等.纳米金属-赤藻糖醇蓄热体系的研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(12):2334-2337.
[34]Xie Wangping,Wang Nan,Zhu Dongsheng,et al.Progress in research on heat transfer enhancement of phase change materials[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2008(02):190-195(in Chinese).谢望平,汪南,朱冬生,等.相变材料强化传热研究进展[J].化工进展,2008(02):190-195.
[35]Qi G,Yang J,Bao R,et al.Enhanced comprehensive performance f polyethylene glycol based phase change material with hybrid graphene nanomaterials for thermal energy storage[J].Carbon,2015,88:196-205.
[36]Li Xinfang,Fu Wenting,Wu Shuying.Effect of carbon nanotube content on phase transformation properties of nanocomposites[J].Material Review,2016,30(2):60-63.李新芳,付文亭,吴淑英.碳纳米管含量对纳米复合材料相变特性的影响[J].材料导报,2016,30(2):60-63.
[37]Wang Zhupu,Liang Hui,Wang Hao,et al.Preparation and heat storage properties of lithium nitrate trihydrateexpanded graphite shaped phase change material[J].New Chemical Materials,2017(45):60-65(in Chinese).王治璞,梁辉,王昊,等.三水硝酸锂-膨胀石墨定型相变材料的制备与储热性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2017(45):60-65.
[38]Gao Xuenong,Li Delun,Sun Tao,et al.Performance of temperature controlled electronic radiators with paraffin/EG composite phase change materials[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(1):7-12(in Chinese).高学农,李得伦,孙滔,等.石蜡/EG复合相变材料控温电子散热器的性能[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(1):7-12.
[39]Kim T Y,Hyun B S,Lee J J,et al.Numerical study of the spacecraft thermal control hardware combining solidliquid phase change material and a heat pipe[J].Aerospace Science and Technology,2013,(27):10-16.
[40]Wang Q C,Rao Z H,Huo Y T,et al.Thermal performance of phase change material/oscillating heat pipebased battery thermal management system[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2016,(102):9-16.
[41]Zhao J T,Rao Z H,Liu C Z,et al.Experiment study of oscillating heat pipe and phase change materials coupled for thermal energy storage and thermal management[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2016(99):252-260.
[42]Liu Z H,Zheng B C,Wang Q,et al.Study on the thermal storage performance of a gravity-assisted heat-pipe thermal storage unit with granular high-temperature phase-change materials[J].Energy,2015,81:754-765.
[43]Zhao J T,Rao Z H,Liu C Z,et al.Experimental investigation on thermal performance of phase change material coupled with closed-loop oscillating heat pipe(PCM/CLOHP)used in thermal management[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,93:90-100.
[44]Luo Xiaoxue,Zhang Xuelai,Hua Wwishan,et al.Design of a phase change heat storage test device for pulsating heat pipe[J].Fluid Machinery,2017,45(4):63-67(in Chinese).罗孝学,章学来,华维三,等.一种脉动热管相变蓄放热试验装置的设计[J].流体机械,2017,45(4):63-67.
[45]Luo Xiaoxue,Zhang Xuelai,Hua Weishan,et al.Experimental analysis of regenerative heat accumulator for pulsating heat pipe phase change thermal accumulator[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(7):2722-2729(in Chinese).罗孝学,章学来,华维三,等.脉动热管相变蓄热器蓄热实验分析[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(7):2722-2729.
[46]Nithyanandam K,Pitchumani R.Analysis and optimization of a latent thermal energy storage system with embedded heat pipes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54(21-22):4596-4610.
[47]Faegh M,Shafii M B.Experimental investigation of a solar still equipped with an external heat storage system using phase change materials and heat pipes[J].Desalination,2017,409:128-135.
[2]Huang X,Alva G,Jia Y T,et al.Morphological characterization and applications of phase change materials in thermal energy storage:a review[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2017,72:128-145.
[3]Khan Z,Ghafoor A.A review of performance enhancement of PCM based latent heat storage system within the context of materials,thermal stability and compatibility[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2016,115(5):132-158.
[4]Dheep G R,Sreekumar A.Influence of nanomaterials on properties of latent heat solar thermal energy storage materials-a review[J].Energy Convers Manag,2014,83(4):133-148.
[5]Fan L W,Fang X,Wang X,et al.Effects of various carbon nanofillers on the thermal conductivity and energy storage properties of paraffin-based nanocomposite phase change materials[J].Appl Energy,2013,110(5):163-172.
[6]Zhang Y P,Lin K P,Yang R,et al.Preparation,thermal performance and application of shape-stabilized PCMin energy efficient buildings[J].Energy Build,2006,38(10):1262-1269.
[7]Qi G Q,Liang C L,Bao R Y,et al.Polyethylene glycol based shape-stabilized phase change material for thermal energy storage with ultra-low content of graphene oxide[J].Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells,2014,123(123):171-177.
[8]Mehrali M,LatibariS T,MehraliM,et al.Shape-stabilized phase change materials with high thermal conductivity based on paraffin/graphene oxide composite[J].Energy Convers Manag,2013,67(3):275-282.
[9]Jamekhorshid A,Sadrameli S M,Farid M.A review of microencapsulation methods of phase change materials(PCMs)as a thermal energy storage(TES)medium[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2014,31(2):531-542.
[10]Zhao C Y,Zhang G H.Review on microencapsulated phase change materials(MEPCMs):fabrication,characterization and applications[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2011,15(8):3813-3832.
[11]Abhat A.Low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage:heat storage materials[J].Solar Energy,1983,30(4):313-332.
[12]Lane D G.Low temperature heat storage with phase change materials[J].International Journal of Ambient Energy,1980,1(3):155-168.
[13]Kenisarin M M.High-temperature phase change materials for thermal energy storage[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010,14(3):955-970.
[14]Kenisarin M M.Thermophysical properties of some organic phase change materials for latent heat storage.Areview[J].Solar Energy,2014,107(9):553-575
[15]Marcus Y.Thermal energy storage[J].Thermal Energy Storage,2004,1(5):65-78.
[16]Hale M.Survey of thermal storage for parabolic trough power plants[M].National Renewable Energy Laboratory,2000,9.
[17]Zalba B,Marín J M,Cabeza L F,et al.Review on thermal energy storage with phase change:materials,heat transfer analysis and applications[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2003,23(3):251-283
[18]Sharma A,Tyagi V V,Chen C R,et al.Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications[j].Renew Sustain Energy Reviews,2009,13(2):318-345.
[19]Cabeza L F,Castell A,Barreneche C,et al.Materials used as PCM in thermal energy storage in buildings:a review[J].Renew Sustain Energy Rev,2011,15(3):1675-1695.
[20]Ng D Q,Tseng Y L,Shih Y F,et al.Synthesis of novel phase change material microcapsule and its application[J].Polymer,2017(133):250-262.
[21]Shi Rukun,Wang Rui,Liu Xing,et al.Preparation and properties of phase change microcapsules/SMS smart thermostat fabrics[J].Material Review,2015,29(7):26-30(in Chinese).史汝琨,王瑞,刘星,等.相变微胶囊/SMS智能调温织物的制备及性能研究[J].材料导报,2015,29(7):26-30.
[22]Lashgari S,Arabi H,Mahdavian A R,et al.Thermal and morphological studies on novel PCM microcapsules containing n-hexadecane as the core in a flexible shell[J].Applied Energy,2017,190:612-622.
[23]Zhou Jianwei,Huang Jianxin,Liu Shaojun,et al.Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated composite phase change materials[J].Chemical Industry,2008,37(6):630-632(in Chinese).周建伟,黄建新,柳少军,等.微胶囊复合相变材料的制备及性能表征[J].应用化工,2008,37(6):630-632.
[24]Guo Junhong,Zhang Pengzhong,Mu Bo,et al.Graphene oxide reinforced polystyrene/butyl stearate microcapsule phase change materials[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2016,47(12):12178-12188(in Chinese).郭军红,张鹏中,慕波,等.氧化石墨烯增强聚苯乙烯/硬脂酸丁脂微胶囊相变材料的研究[J].功能材料,2016,47(12):12178-12188.
[25]Farid M M,Khudhair A M,Razack S A K.A review on phase change energy storage:materials and applications[J].Energ Convers Manage,2004,45(9):1597-1615.
[26]Chen Z Q,Gao D Y,Shi J.Experimental and numerical study on melting of phase change materials in metal foams at pore scale[J].International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,2014,72(5):646-655.
[27]Costa M,Buddhi D,Oliva A.Numerical simulation of a latent heat thermal energy storage system with enhanced heat conduction[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1998,39(3-4):319-330.
[28]Liu Z L,Sun X,Ma C F.Experimental investigation on the characteristics of melting processes of sttearic acid in an annulus and its thermal conductivity enhancement by fins[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2005,46:959-969.
[29]Zhai X Q,Cheng X W,WangC,et al.Experimental investigation and performance analysis of a fin tube phase change cold storage unit for high temperature cooling application[J].Energy&Buildings,2015,89:9-17.
[30]Zhao Y,Zhao C Y,Xu Z G,et al.Modeling metal foam enhanced phase change heat transfer in thermal energy storage by using phase field method[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,(99):170-181.
[31]Li W Q,Wan H,Lou H J,et al.Enhanced thermal management with microencapsulated phase change material particles infiltrated in cellular metal foam[J].Energy,2017,(127):671-679.
[32]Qian T,Li J,Min X,et al.Enhanced thermal conductivity of PEG/diatomite shape-stabilized phase change materials with Ag nanoparticles for thermal energy storage[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(16):8526-8536.
[33]Zhang Xuelai,Li Chunlei,Chen Xudong,et al.Study on nanometal-erythritol thermal storage system[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2014,35(12):2334-2337(in Chinese).章学来,李春蕾,陈旭东,等.纳米金属-赤藻糖醇蓄热体系的研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(12):2334-2337.
[34]Xie Wangping,Wang Nan,Zhu Dongsheng,et al.Progress in research on heat transfer enhancement of phase change materials[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2008(02):190-195(in Chinese).谢望平,汪南,朱冬生,等.相变材料强化传热研究进展[J].化工进展,2008(02):190-195.
[35]Qi G,Yang J,Bao R,et al.Enhanced comprehensive performance f polyethylene glycol based phase change material with hybrid graphene nanomaterials for thermal energy storage[J].Carbon,2015,88:196-205.
[36]Li Xinfang,Fu Wenting,Wu Shuying.Effect of carbon nanotube content on phase transformation properties of nanocomposites[J].Material Review,2016,30(2):60-63.李新芳,付文亭,吴淑英.碳纳米管含量对纳米复合材料相变特性的影响[J].材料导报,2016,30(2):60-63.
[37]Wang Zhupu,Liang Hui,Wang Hao,et al.Preparation and heat storage properties of lithium nitrate trihydrateexpanded graphite shaped phase change material[J].New Chemical Materials,2017(45):60-65(in Chinese).王治璞,梁辉,王昊,等.三水硝酸锂-膨胀石墨定型相变材料的制备与储热性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2017(45):60-65.
[38]Gao Xuenong,Li Delun,Sun Tao,et al.Performance of temperature controlled electronic radiators with paraffin/EG composite phase change materials[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(1):7-12(in Chinese).高学农,李得伦,孙滔,等.石蜡/EG复合相变材料控温电子散热器的性能[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(1):7-12.
[39]Kim T Y,Hyun B S,Lee J J,et al.Numerical study of the spacecraft thermal control hardware combining solidliquid phase change material and a heat pipe[J].Aerospace Science and Technology,2013,(27):10-16.
[40]Wang Q C,Rao Z H,Huo Y T,et al.Thermal performance of phase change material/oscillating heat pipebased battery thermal management system[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2016,(102):9-16.
[41]Zhao J T,Rao Z H,Liu C Z,et al.Experiment study of oscillating heat pipe and phase change materials coupled for thermal energy storage and thermal management[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2016(99):252-260.
[42]Liu Z H,Zheng B C,Wang Q,et al.Study on the thermal storage performance of a gravity-assisted heat-pipe thermal storage unit with granular high-temperature phase-change materials[J].Energy,2015,81:754-765.
[43]Zhao J T,Rao Z H,Liu C Z,et al.Experimental investigation on thermal performance of phase change material coupled with closed-loop oscillating heat pipe(PCM/CLOHP)used in thermal management[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,93:90-100.
[44]Luo Xiaoxue,Zhang Xuelai,Hua Wwishan,et al.Design of a phase change heat storage test device for pulsating heat pipe[J].Fluid Machinery,2017,45(4):63-67(in Chinese).罗孝学,章学来,华维三,等.一种脉动热管相变蓄放热试验装置的设计[J].流体机械,2017,45(4):63-67.
[45]Luo Xiaoxue,Zhang Xuelai,Hua Weishan,et al.Experimental analysis of regenerative heat accumulator for pulsating heat pipe phase change thermal accumulator[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(7):2722-2729(in Chinese).罗孝学,章学来,华维三,等.脉动热管相变蓄热器蓄热实验分析[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(7):2722-2729.
[46]Nithyanandam K,Pitchumani R.Analysis and optimization of a latent thermal energy storage system with embedded heat pipes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54(21-22):4596-4610.
[47]Faegh M,Shafii M B.Experimental investigation of a solar still equipped with an external heat storage system using phase change materials and heat pipes[J].Desalination,2017,409:128-135.