镉暴露对背角无齿蚌鳃和消化腺的氧化应激
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摘要
为了筛选用于淡水环境镉污染监测与评估的生物标志物,研究用2.698 mg/L Cd~(2+)暴露背角无齿蚌7,14,21,28 d,检测其鳃和消化腺中7种生物标志物的变化,包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)。结果表明,背角无齿蚌经Cd~(2+)暴露后,鳃MDA含量显著增高,SOD、CAT和GPx活性受到抑制,GST和GSH代偿性地发挥了抗氧化作用,T-AOC显著增高;消化腺MDA含量无显著变化,SOD、CAT、GPx、GST和GSH均受到诱导,共同应对Cd~(2+)暴露导致的氧化损伤,T-AOC显著增高,但在28 d略有降低。研究表明,背角无齿蚌消化腺比鳃的抗氧化能力更强,受到的氧化损伤也更小;鳃SOD和CAT对Cd~(2+)暴露的敏感性和指示性最强,消化腺CAT在Cd~(2+)暴露中后期、GSH在Cd~(2+)暴露中前期的指示性较好。因此,其可用作监测和评估水体Cd污染的生物标志物。
To select the biomarkers for the aquatic environmental heavy metal, cadmium(Cd)especially, pollution monitor and assessment, in this study the freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana was exposed to Cd~(2+)(2.698 mg/L)for 7, 14, 21, 28 d. After exposure to Cd~(2+), the 7 kinds of biomarkers which were commonly used for environmental monitor in gills and digestive gland of Anodonta woodiana were determined and analyzed, and they were superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx)and glutathione-s-transferase(GST), glutathione(GSH), total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde(MDA). The result showed that in the gills, the MDA content significantly increased, the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx were inhibited, and the GST activity and GSH content increased to compensate antioxidant defenses, and T-AOC increased significantly. In the digestive gland, there was no significant change in MDA content. SOD, CAT, GPx, GST activities and GSH content were all induced to cope with the oxidative stress from Cd~(2+). The T-AOC significantly increased, but decreased slightly at 28 d. The digestive gland owned stronger antioxidant capacity and gained less oxidative damage compared to the gills. What's more, the SOD and CAT in the gills had strong sensitivity and indication to Cd~(2+) exposure. And in the digestive gland, CAT could indicate in the middle and late stages of Cd~(2+) exposure,and GSH could indicate in the middle and early stages of Cd~(2+) exposure. Thus, SOD and CAT in the gills, CAT and GSH in the digestive gland of Anodonta woodiana can be used as biomarkers for monitoring and assessing cadmium pollution in aquatic environment.
To select the biomarkers for the aquatic environmental heavy metal, cadmium(Cd)especially, pollution monitor and assessment, in this study the freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana was exposed to Cd~(2+)(2.698 mg/L)for 7, 14, 21, 28 d. After exposure to Cd~(2+), the 7 kinds of biomarkers which were commonly used for environmental monitor in gills and digestive gland of Anodonta woodiana were determined and analyzed, and they were superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx)and glutathione-s-transferase(GST), glutathione(GSH), total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde(MDA). The result showed that in the gills, the MDA content significantly increased, the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx were inhibited, and the GST activity and GSH content increased to compensate antioxidant defenses, and T-AOC increased significantly. In the digestive gland, there was no significant change in MDA content. SOD, CAT, GPx, GST activities and GSH content were all induced to cope with the oxidative stress from Cd~(2+). The T-AOC significantly increased, but decreased slightly at 28 d. The digestive gland owned stronger antioxidant capacity and gained less oxidative damage compared to the gills. What's more, the SOD and CAT in the gills had strong sensitivity and indication to Cd~(2+) exposure. And in the digestive gland, CAT could indicate in the middle and late stages of Cd~(2+) exposure,and GSH could indicate in the middle and early stages of Cd~(2+) exposure. Thus, SOD and CAT in the gills, CAT and GSH in the digestive gland of Anodonta woodiana can be used as biomarkers for monitoring and assessing cadmium pollution in aquatic environment.
引文
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[21]OLALEKAN LAWAL A,LAWAL A F,OLOGUNDUDU A,et al.Antioxidant effects of heated garlic juice on cadmium-induced liver damage in rats as compared to ascorbic acid[J].The Journal of Toxicological Sciences,2011,36(5):549-557.
[22]XIA L,CHEN S,DAHMS H U,et al.Cadmium induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Meretrix meretrix[J].Ecotoxicology,2016,25(5):959-969.
[23]BONNERIS E,PERCEVAL O,MASSON S,et al.Sub-cellular partitioning of Cd,Cu and Zn in tissues of indigenous unionid bivalves living along a metal exposure gradient and links to metal-induced effects[J].Environmental Pollution,2005,135(2):195-208.
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[25]WANG Z,YAN C,VULPE C D,et al.Incorporation of in situ exposure and biomarkers response in clams Ruditapes philippinarum for assessment of metal pollution in coastal areas from the Maluan Bay of China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(1):90-98.
[26]MAC魱AS-MAYORGA D,LAIZ I,MORENO-GARRIDO I,et al.Is oxidative stress related to cadmium accumulation in the Mollusc Crassostrea angulata[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2015,161:231-241.
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[28]ISZARD MB,LIU J,KLAASSEN C D.Effect of several metallothionein inducers on oxidative stress defense mechanisms in rats[J].Toxicology,1995,104(1/3):25-33.
[29]PRUSKI A M,DIXON D R.Effects of cadmium on nuclear integrity and DNA repair efficiency in the gill cells of Mytilus edulis L.[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,57(3):127-137.
[30]赵艳民,王新华,秦延文,等.水体Hg2+对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血淋巴抗氧化酶活力和丙二醛含量的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(3):436-442.
[31]JI C,WU H,ZHOU M,et al.Multiple biomarkers of biological effects induced by cadmium in clam Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2015,44(2):430-435.
[32]CHANDURVELAN R,MARSDEN I D,GAW S,et al.Impairment of green-lipped mussel(Perna canaliculus)physiology by waterborne cadmium:relationship to tissue bioaccumulation and effect of exposure duration[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2012,124/125:114-124.
[33]杨惠珍.镉对背角无齿蚌外套膜、鳃和肝脏的氧化损伤研究[D].太原:山西大学,2015.
[34]ZHANG B,SHI Z,WANG X,et al.Depuration of cadmium from blue mussel(Mytilus edulis)by hydrolysis peptides and chelating metal elements[J].Food Research International,2015,73:162-168.
[2]JOMOVA K,VALKO M.Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease[J].Toxicology,2011,283(2/3):65-87.
[3]丁之勇,蒲佳,吉力力·阿不都外力.中国主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染特征与评价分析[J].环境工程,2017,35(6):136-141.
[4]SHI W,GUAN X,HAN Y,et al.Waterborne Cd2+weakens the immune responses of blood clam through impacting Ca2+signaling and Ca2+related apoptosis pathways[J].Fish and Shellfish Immunology,2018,77:208-213.
[5]XIE Y,CHEN H B,ZHENG S Y,et al.Molecular characterization of Cu/Zn SOD gene in Asian clam Corbicula fluminea and m RNA expression and enzymatic activity modulation induced by metals[J].Gene,2018,663:189-195.
[6]ZUYKOV M,PELLETIER E,HARPER D A.Bivalve mollusks in metal pollution studies:from bioaccumulation to biomonitoring[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(2):201-208.
[7]XIANG N,ZHAO C,DIAO X,et al.Dynamic responses of antioxidant enzymes in pearl oyster Pinctada martensii exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2017,54:184-190.
[8]NARDI A,MINCARELLI L F,BENEDETTI M,et al.Indirect effects of climate changes on cadmium bioavailability and biological effects in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis[J].Chemosphere,2017,169:493-502.
[9]陈修报,刘洪波,苏彦平,等.镉对“标准化”背角无齿蚌的急性毒性及脂质过氧化和DNA损伤的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(10):1960-1967.
[10]吴庆龙,陈宇炜,刘正文.背角无齿蚌对浮游藻类的滤食选择性与滤水率研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(12):2423-2427.
[11]JIA Y,WANG L,QU Z,et al.Distribution,contamination and accumulation of heavy metals in water,sediments,and freshwater shellfish from Liuyang River,Southern China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2018,25(7):7012-7020.
[12]WU Y,ZHOU Y,QIU Y,et al.Occurrence and risk assessment of trace metals and metalloids in sediments and benthic invertebrates from Dianshan Lake,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2017,24(17):14847-14856.
[13]井维鑫,刘娜,王兰.镉对背角无齿蚌鳃组织抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(5):752-755.
[14]李涌泉,邢慧芳,杨惠珍,等.镉致背角无齿蚌消化腺组织损伤及调节消化腺和斧足的抗氧化酶活性[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(10):3399-3405.
[15]邢慧芳,李涌泉,杨慧珍,等.镉对背角无齿蚌外套膜和鳃抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(3):856-860.
[16]FRANCO-MARTINEZ L,ROMERO D,GARC魱A-NAVARRO JA,et al.Measurement of p-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activity(EA),total antioxidant capacity(TAC),total oxidant status(TOS)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)in gills and digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to binary mixtures of Pb,Cd and Cu[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2016,23(24):25385-25392.
[17]SHENAI-TIRODKAR P S,GAUNS M U,MUJAWAR M W A,et al.Antioxidant responses in gills and digestive gland of oyster Crassostrea madrasensis(Preston)under lead exposure[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,142:87-94.
[18]ALMEIDA魦,CALISTO V,ESTEVES V I,et al.Effects of single and combined exposure of pharmaceutical drugs(carbamazepine and cetirizine)and a metal(cadmium)on the biochemical responses of R.philippinarum[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2018,198:10-19.
[19]杨惠珍,刘娜,李涌泉,等.镉对背角无齿蚌主要组织谷胱甘肽含量和相关酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(1):15-21.
[20]JACOB R A,BURRI R A.Oxidative damage and defense[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1996,63:985S-990S.
[21]OLALEKAN LAWAL A,LAWAL A F,OLOGUNDUDU A,et al.Antioxidant effects of heated garlic juice on cadmium-induced liver damage in rats as compared to ascorbic acid[J].The Journal of Toxicological Sciences,2011,36(5):549-557.
[22]XIA L,CHEN S,DAHMS H U,et al.Cadmium induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Meretrix meretrix[J].Ecotoxicology,2016,25(5):959-969.
[23]BONNERIS E,PERCEVAL O,MASSON S,et al.Sub-cellular partitioning of Cd,Cu and Zn in tissues of indigenous unionid bivalves living along a metal exposure gradient and links to metal-induced effects[J].Environmental Pollution,2005,135(2):195-208.
[24]G魪RET F,COSSON R P.Induction of specific isoforms of metallothionein in mussel tissues after exposure to cadmium or mercury[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2002,42(1):36-42.
[25]WANG Z,YAN C,VULPE C D,et al.Incorporation of in situ exposure and biomarkers response in clams Ruditapes philippinarum for assessment of metal pollution in coastal areas from the Maluan Bay of China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(1):90-98.
[26]MAC魱AS-MAYORGA D,LAIZ I,MORENO-GARRIDO I,et al.Is oxidative stress related to cadmium accumulation in the Mollusc Crassostrea angulata[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2015,161:231-241.
[27]HULTBERG B,ANDERSSON A,ISAKSSON A.Alterations of thiol metabolism in human cell lines induced by low amounts of copper,mercury or cadmium ions[J].Toxicology,1998,126(3):203-212.
[28]ISZARD MB,LIU J,KLAASSEN C D.Effect of several metallothionein inducers on oxidative stress defense mechanisms in rats[J].Toxicology,1995,104(1/3):25-33.
[29]PRUSKI A M,DIXON D R.Effects of cadmium on nuclear integrity and DNA repair efficiency in the gill cells of Mytilus edulis L.[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,57(3):127-137.
[30]赵艳民,王新华,秦延文,等.水体Hg2+对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血淋巴抗氧化酶活力和丙二醛含量的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(3):436-442.
[31]JI C,WU H,ZHOU M,et al.Multiple biomarkers of biological effects induced by cadmium in clam Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2015,44(2):430-435.
[32]CHANDURVELAN R,MARSDEN I D,GAW S,et al.Impairment of green-lipped mussel(Perna canaliculus)physiology by waterborne cadmium:relationship to tissue bioaccumulation and effect of exposure duration[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2012,124/125:114-124.
[33]杨惠珍.镉对背角无齿蚌外套膜、鳃和肝脏的氧化损伤研究[D].太原:山西大学,2015.
[34]ZHANG B,SHI Z,WANG X,et al.Depuration of cadmium from blue mussel(Mytilus edulis)by hydrolysis peptides and chelating metal elements[J].Food Research International,2015,73:162-168.