西藏革吉县尕尔穷铜金矿床勘查模型
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摘要
班公湖-怒江斑岩铜矿带是继藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿带与藏南冈底斯铜矿带后于藏北新发现的一条斑岩铜成矿带。尕尔穷铜金矿床是目前在班公湖-怒江缝合带西段首个达到详查程度的大型铜金矿床。近几年在班怒带西段发现了超大型富金斑岩型铜矿床,如多不杂、波龙铜金矿床。但就整体而言,班怒带西段目前除了尕尔穷、多不杂、波龙矿床外,总体上研究程度不高,关于具体矿床的勘查模型更鲜有报道。本文通过对尕尔穷铜金矿矿床主要控矿因素的剖析,结合前人的研究成果与1∶1万岩石地球化学测量、1∶1万高精度磁测与1∶1万激电测量成果,总结了矿床的控矿因素并提出了矿床的成矿模式,即与钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性闪长类岩体、陆-陆同碰撞钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性重熔型石英闪长岩有成因密切相关,主矿体赋存于斑岩、矽卡岩、构造破碎带的"斑岩-矽卡岩-似IOCG"铜金矿床。斑岩、矽卡岩型矿(化)体多表现为低磁异常区(ΔT值:0~200nT),极化率在4%~16%之间,视电阻率在200~800Ω·m之间,但花岗斑岩及与其接触带的矽卡岩中因含高磁矿物磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿而表现为高磁(200nT以上)。岩石地球化学显示,异常元素平面上分带清晰,套叠好,异常强度大,浓度分级明显,异常浓集中心的元素组合为Cu-Au-Bi-Mo-Ag-Sb-Zn-As-Pb,其中Cu、Au、Mo、Bi等为内环元素,As、Sb、Pb、Zn为外围元素。似IOCG型矿体多表现为低磁(0~200nT)、中等极化率(4%~6%)、低电阻率(200~400Ω·m)。剖面图上似IOCG型、矽卡岩型、斑岩型矿体,视电阻率为典型的"W"型分布型式,视极化率为"M"型分布型式;矿化中心对应的异常元素Cu、Mo、Au、Ag含量明显偏高,表现为波状起伏特征,Pb、Zn元素含量低,异常变化不明显。石英闪长岩、花岗斑岩与碳酸盐岩的接触带,尤其是接触带处的矽卡岩带,是寻找矽卡岩型矿体的直接找矿标志;赤铁矿+硅化+碳酸化既是F1断层破碎带的标志性矿物组合,也是似IOCG型矿体的主要找矿标志。
Bangong-Nujiang porphyry copper belt located in northern Tibet,is a newly discovered one,following by the Yulong porphyry copper belt in eastern Tibet and Gandise copper porphyry copper belt in southern Tibet.Currently,Gaerqiong copper-gold deposit is the first large and detailed investigation one in BangongNujiang suture zone.In recent years,some supper large gold-rich porphyry copper deposits were discovered in the the western part of Bangong-Nujiang suture zone,such as Duobuza and Bolong copper-gold deposits.But on the whole,with the exception of the west of class anger Gaerqiong,Duobuza,Bolon ore deposits,the overall researching degree is not high,even no mention to the exploration model of mineral deposit.Based on the analysis of major ore-controlling factors about Gaerqiong copper-gold deposits,combined with the results of previous studies on 1∶10000geochemical measurements,on 1∶10000precision magnetic survey and on 1:10000induced polarization measurement results,it summaried the ore-controlling factors of the deposit and proposed the metallogenic model of the deposit,namely "porphyry-skarn-like IOCG"modle that is the shoshonite-high-K calc-alkaline diorite rock category,continent-continent collision with shoshonite-high-K calc-alkaline quartz remelting diorite genetically closely related to the genesis,the main ore-body laied in porphyry,skarn,structural fracture zone.Porphyry and skarn ore-bodies usually stand for the low magnetic anomalies(0~200nT),the polarization between 4%to 16%,the resistivity between200~800Ω · m.However,as granitic porphyry and its contact with skarn have the feature of containing the high magnetic minerals,such as magnetite and pyrrhotite,they represent high magnetic(200nT above).Geochemistry shows that,on the plane,the abnormal elements are zoned clearly,overlapped and seat well,and the concentrations of that are graded obviously with the combination of elements abnormal concentration centers for Cu-Au-Bi-Mo-Ag-Sb-Zn-As-Pb,wherein Cu,Au,Mo,Bi and other elements for the inner ring,As,Sb,Pb,Zn for the peripheral elements.Like IOCG-type orebodies generally represent the low magnetic(0~200nT),the moderate polarization(4% to 6%)and the low resistivity(200 ~ 400Ω·m).On a sectional view,the apparent resistivity of like IOCG-,skarn-and porphyry-type ore bodies perform as the typical"W"type distribution pattern and the polarization ratio as "M"type distribution patterns.The content of Cu,Mo,Au and Ag corresponding to center of mineralization is significantly higher with undulating,while the content of Pb and Zn is much lower with no abnormal.The contacting zones between quartz diorite porphyry and granite porphyry and carbonate rocks,especially skarn zone at the contacting zones,are the direct prospecting marks to seeking for skarn orebodies;hematite+silica+carbonate mineral is the symbolic mineral combination of F1 fault fracture zone,which is also the main prospecting mark to seek for like IOCG-type orebodies.
Bangong-Nujiang porphyry copper belt located in northern Tibet,is a newly discovered one,following by the Yulong porphyry copper belt in eastern Tibet and Gandise copper porphyry copper belt in southern Tibet.Currently,Gaerqiong copper-gold deposit is the first large and detailed investigation one in BangongNujiang suture zone.In recent years,some supper large gold-rich porphyry copper deposits were discovered in the the western part of Bangong-Nujiang suture zone,such as Duobuza and Bolong copper-gold deposits.But on the whole,with the exception of the west of class anger Gaerqiong,Duobuza,Bolon ore deposits,the overall researching degree is not high,even no mention to the exploration model of mineral deposit.Based on the analysis of major ore-controlling factors about Gaerqiong copper-gold deposits,combined with the results of previous studies on 1∶10000geochemical measurements,on 1∶10000precision magnetic survey and on 1:10000induced polarization measurement results,it summaried the ore-controlling factors of the deposit and proposed the metallogenic model of the deposit,namely "porphyry-skarn-like IOCG"modle that is the shoshonite-high-K calc-alkaline diorite rock category,continent-continent collision with shoshonite-high-K calc-alkaline quartz remelting diorite genetically closely related to the genesis,the main ore-body laied in porphyry,skarn,structural fracture zone.Porphyry and skarn ore-bodies usually stand for the low magnetic anomalies(0~200nT),the polarization between 4%to 16%,the resistivity between200~800Ω · m.However,as granitic porphyry and its contact with skarn have the feature of containing the high magnetic minerals,such as magnetite and pyrrhotite,they represent high magnetic(200nT above).Geochemistry shows that,on the plane,the abnormal elements are zoned clearly,overlapped and seat well,and the concentrations of that are graded obviously with the combination of elements abnormal concentration centers for Cu-Au-Bi-Mo-Ag-Sb-Zn-As-Pb,wherein Cu,Au,Mo,Bi and other elements for the inner ring,As,Sb,Pb,Zn for the peripheral elements.Like IOCG-type orebodies generally represent the low magnetic(0~200nT),the moderate polarization(4% to 6%)and the low resistivity(200 ~ 400Ω·m).On a sectional view,the apparent resistivity of like IOCG-,skarn-and porphyry-type ore bodies perform as the typical"W"type distribution pattern and the polarization ratio as "M"type distribution patterns.The content of Cu,Mo,Au and Ag corresponding to center of mineralization is significantly higher with undulating,while the content of Pb and Zn is much lower with no abnormal.The contacting zones between quartz diorite porphyry and granite porphyry and carbonate rocks,especially skarn zone at the contacting zones,are the direct prospecting marks to seeking for skarn orebodies;hematite+silica+carbonate mineral is the symbolic mineral combination of F1 fault fracture zone,which is also the main prospecting mark to seek for like IOCG-type orebodies.
引文
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