风力机叶片复合材料雷击损伤特性研究
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摘要
随着风电产业的快速发展,风机遭受雷击问题愈发突出,近年来国内外对此进行了大量研究.为了研究风机叶片在遭受雷击时材料的损伤机理和规律,采用了目前风机叶片最广泛使用的玻璃纤维增强复合材料(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers,GFRP)制成的层合板,在不同电流参数、材料厚度及材料铺层方式的条件下,开展了风机叶片人工雷击损伤试验.通过现场试验及总结分析,发现了纤维损伤面积与电流峰值及电流作用积分呈正相关,与材料厚度呈负相关的规律.同时,在[0°/±45°/0°]、[90°/0°]3层、[0°/90°]3层这3种铺层方式下,铺层方式为[0°/±45°/0°]的复合材料层合板损伤面积最小,显示了其铺层方式的优越性.
With the rapid development of wind power industry, wind turbine lightning problem has become increasingly conspicuous.In recent years, a large number of researches have been made at home and abroad. In order to study the damage mechanism and laws of wind turbine blades, this paper adopts glass fiber reinforced polymers(GFRP), which have been widely used in wind turbine blades, to carry out the lightning damage test, under different current parameters, material thickness and laying methods. Through the field test and analysis, it is found that the area of fiber damage is positively correlated with the current peak as well as current action integral, and is negatively correlated with the thickness of the material. Meanwhile, the damage area of composite laminates, with the laying method of [0 °/±45 °/0 °], is the smallest among [90°/0°]_3、[0°/90°]_3、[0°/±45°/0°], showing its superiority.
With the rapid development of wind power industry, wind turbine lightning problem has become increasingly conspicuous.In recent years, a large number of researches have been made at home and abroad. In order to study the damage mechanism and laws of wind turbine blades, this paper adopts glass fiber reinforced polymers(GFRP), which have been widely used in wind turbine blades, to carry out the lightning damage test, under different current parameters, material thickness and laying methods. Through the field test and analysis, it is found that the area of fiber damage is positively correlated with the current peak as well as current action integral, and is negatively correlated with the thickness of the material. Meanwhile, the damage area of composite laminates, with the laying method of [0 °/±45 °/0 °], is the smallest among [90°/0°]_3、[0°/90°]_3、[0°/±45°/0°], showing its superiority.
引文
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[2] 魏显菲.我国风力发电开发现状及展望[J].商业经济,2010,24:21-23,33. Wei Xianfei. Current situation and prospect of wind power generation in China[J]. Business Economy,2010,24:21-23,33.
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[4] 李成良,王继辉,薛忠民,等. 大型风机叶片材料的应用和发展[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料,2008,(4):49-52. Li Chengliang, Wang Jihui, Xue Zhongming, et al. Application and development of large fan blade materials[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites, 2008,(4):49-52.
[5] Mall S, Ouper B L, Fielding J C. Compression strength degradation of nanocomposites after lightning strike[J]. Journal of Composite Materials,2009,43(24):2987-3001.
[6] 江安烽,任晓明,孙伟,等. 风机叶片雷电易击点模型试验技术研究分析[J]. 华东电力,2013,41(12):2550-2555. Jiang Anfeng, Ren Xiaoming. Sun Wei, et al. Analysis of model test technology for lightning strike of fan blade[J]. East China Electric Power, 2013,41(12):2550-2555.
[7] 刘志强,岳珠峰,王富生,等. 不同防护形式复合材料板雷击损伤分区特性[J]. 复合材料学报,2015,32(1):284-294. Liu Zhiqiang, Yue Zhufeng, Wang Fusheng, et al. Characteristics of lightning damage division of composite plate with different protection form[J]. Journal of Composites,2015,32(1):284-294.
[8] 洪明. 分层损伤复合材料层合板振动与声特性研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2003. Hong Ming. Study on vibration and sound of composite laminated plate with delamination[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2003.
[9] ASTMD 7137M-07 Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates[S].American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM),West Conshohocken,PA,USA,2007.
[10] SAE APR 5412A-2005 Aircraft Lightning Environment Related Test Wave Forms[S]. SAE,2005.
[11] Ogasawara T, Hirano Y, Yoshimura A. Coupled thermal-electrical analysis for carbon fiber/epoxy composites exposed to simulated lightning current[J]. Composites: Part A,2010,41:973-981.
[12] 郭云力.碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料雷击损伤的研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014. Guo Yunli. The research of lightning damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2014.
[13] Hirano Y, Katsumata S, Iwahori Y, et al. Artificial lightning testing on graphite/epoxy composite laminate[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2010, 41(10): 1461-1470.
[14] Zhupanska O I, Sierakowski R L. Effects of an electromagnetic field on the mechanical response of composites[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2007, 41(5): 633-652.
[15] 赵金龙,陈晓宁,张云生,等.玻璃纤维复合材料雷击破损仿真与试验[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2015,(1):42-47. Zhao Jinlong, Chen Xiaoning, Zhang Yunsheng, et al. Simulation and test of lightning damage of glass fiber composites[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites, 2015,(1):42-47.
[2] 魏显菲.我国风力发电开发现状及展望[J].商业经济,2010,24:21-23,33. Wei Xianfei. Current situation and prospect of wind power generation in China[J]. Business Economy,2010,24:21-23,33.
[3] Mcniffb. Wind turbine lightning protection project[J].Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2002,31(5): 1087-1091.
[4] 李成良,王继辉,薛忠民,等. 大型风机叶片材料的应用和发展[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料,2008,(4):49-52. Li Chengliang, Wang Jihui, Xue Zhongming, et al. Application and development of large fan blade materials[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites, 2008,(4):49-52.
[5] Mall S, Ouper B L, Fielding J C. Compression strength degradation of nanocomposites after lightning strike[J]. Journal of Composite Materials,2009,43(24):2987-3001.
[6] 江安烽,任晓明,孙伟,等. 风机叶片雷电易击点模型试验技术研究分析[J]. 华东电力,2013,41(12):2550-2555. Jiang Anfeng, Ren Xiaoming. Sun Wei, et al. Analysis of model test technology for lightning strike of fan blade[J]. East China Electric Power, 2013,41(12):2550-2555.
[7] 刘志强,岳珠峰,王富生,等. 不同防护形式复合材料板雷击损伤分区特性[J]. 复合材料学报,2015,32(1):284-294. Liu Zhiqiang, Yue Zhufeng, Wang Fusheng, et al. Characteristics of lightning damage division of composite plate with different protection form[J]. Journal of Composites,2015,32(1):284-294.
[8] 洪明. 分层损伤复合材料层合板振动与声特性研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2003. Hong Ming. Study on vibration and sound of composite laminated plate with delamination[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2003.
[9] ASTMD 7137M-07 Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates[S].American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM),West Conshohocken,PA,USA,2007.
[10] SAE APR 5412A-2005 Aircraft Lightning Environment Related Test Wave Forms[S]. SAE,2005.
[11] Ogasawara T, Hirano Y, Yoshimura A. Coupled thermal-electrical analysis for carbon fiber/epoxy composites exposed to simulated lightning current[J]. Composites: Part A,2010,41:973-981.
[12] 郭云力.碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料雷击损伤的研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014. Guo Yunli. The research of lightning damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2014.
[13] Hirano Y, Katsumata S, Iwahori Y, et al. Artificial lightning testing on graphite/epoxy composite laminate[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2010, 41(10): 1461-1470.
[14] Zhupanska O I, Sierakowski R L. Effects of an electromagnetic field on the mechanical response of composites[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2007, 41(5): 633-652.
[15] 赵金龙,陈晓宁,张云生,等.玻璃纤维复合材料雷击破损仿真与试验[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2015,(1):42-47. Zhao Jinlong, Chen Xiaoning, Zhang Yunsheng, et al. Simulation and test of lightning damage of glass fiber composites[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites, 2015,(1):42-47.
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