基于VGT控制参数的柴油机低速变海拔热平衡试验
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摘要
进行二级可调增压柴油机热平衡性能研究,有助于解决高海拔发动机开锅问题,提高热效率。利用自主设计的柴油机高海拔热平衡试验系统,进行不同模拟海拔(0、3 500、5 500 m)基于可变截面涡轮增压器(VGT)控制参数的二级可调增压柴油机低速全负荷热平衡试验,全面分析了变海拔条件下VGT控制参数对整机低速热平衡性能影响的机理与规律,优化标定了不同海拔下柴油机低速最佳VGT叶片开度。结果表明:随VGT叶片开度增大,发动机低速工况下热负荷升高,表现形式为涡前排温升高、缸内最高燃烧温度上升,但缸内最大燃烧压力呈下降趋势,0 m、VGT开度小于50%时,缸内最高燃烧压力大于17 MPa,在0、3 500、5 500 m海拔,VGT开度分别大于70%、50%、30%时,缸内最高燃烧温度超过2 200.0℃。随VGT叶片开度增大,柴油机有效功率、排气带走热量及其占比升高,冷却液带走热量、余项损失及其占比呈下降趋势,5 500 m海拔下,VGT叶片开度每增大10%,柴油机热效率降低3.1%。综合考虑VGT控制参数对缸内最高燃烧温度、缸内最大燃烧压力及热效率的影响,0、3 500、5 500 m柴油机低速工况最佳VGT叶片开度应分别为50%、20%、20%。
The research on thermal balance performance of regulated two-stage turbocharged(RTST) diesel engine is helpful to solve the problem of coolant boiling and improve thermal efficiency at high altitudes. The full load thermal balance tests of RTST diesel engine with low speed at different simulated altitude(0, 3 500 and 5 500 m) based on variable geometry turbocharger(VGT) control parameters were carried out on the high altitude thermal balance test system for diesel engine. The influence of the VGT control parameters on the thermal balance of the diesel engine with low speed at variable altitudes was analyzed comprehensively, and the optimal openings of VGT vane at different altitudes were calibrated. The results show that with the increase of VGT vane opening, the heat load of the engine at low speed rises, which shows that the exhaust temperature and the maximum combustion temperature in the cylinder increase, but the maximum combustion pressure in the cylinder decreases. When the opening of VGT vane at 0 m is less than 50%, the maximum combustion pressure in cylinder is obviously greater than 17 MPa. At the altitude of 0, 3 500 and 5 500 m, when the opening of VGT vane is respectively greater than 70%, 50% and 30%, the maximum combustion temperature in the cylinder exceeds 2 200 ℃. With the increase of the VGT vane opening, the effective power of the diesel engine, the exhausting heat and the proportion of them increase, while the heat taken away by coolant, the remainder heat loss and the proportion of them show a downward trend. At 5 500 m altitude, the thermal efficiency of diesel engine at low speed decreases by 3.1% with the opening of VGT vane increasing by 10%. The influences of VGT control parameters on maximum combustion temperature, maximum combustion pressure and thermal efficiency in cylinder are considered comprehensively, for 0, 3 500 and 5 500 m, the best VGT vane opening at low speed should be 50%, 20% and 20% respectively.
The research on thermal balance performance of regulated two-stage turbocharged(RTST) diesel engine is helpful to solve the problem of coolant boiling and improve thermal efficiency at high altitudes. The full load thermal balance tests of RTST diesel engine with low speed at different simulated altitude(0, 3 500 and 5 500 m) based on variable geometry turbocharger(VGT) control parameters were carried out on the high altitude thermal balance test system for diesel engine. The influence of the VGT control parameters on the thermal balance of the diesel engine with low speed at variable altitudes was analyzed comprehensively, and the optimal openings of VGT vane at different altitudes were calibrated. The results show that with the increase of VGT vane opening, the heat load of the engine at low speed rises, which shows that the exhaust temperature and the maximum combustion temperature in the cylinder increase, but the maximum combustion pressure in the cylinder decreases. When the opening of VGT vane at 0 m is less than 50%, the maximum combustion pressure in cylinder is obviously greater than 17 MPa. At the altitude of 0, 3 500 and 5 500 m, when the opening of VGT vane is respectively greater than 70%, 50% and 30%, the maximum combustion temperature in the cylinder exceeds 2 200 ℃. With the increase of the VGT vane opening, the effective power of the diesel engine, the exhausting heat and the proportion of them increase, while the heat taken away by coolant, the remainder heat loss and the proportion of them show a downward trend. At 5 500 m altitude, the thermal efficiency of diesel engine at low speed decreases by 3.1% with the opening of VGT vane increasing by 10%. The influences of VGT control parameters on maximum combustion temperature, maximum combustion pressure and thermal efficiency in cylinder are considered comprehensively, for 0, 3 500 and 5 500 m, the best VGT vane opening at low speed should be 50%, 20% and 20% respectively.
引文
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[15] 陈贵升,狄磊,苏娜,等.基于不同增压系统共轨柴油机变海拔工作特性模拟 [J].内燃机学报,2016,34(6):504-512.CHEN Gui-sheng,DI Lei,SU Na,et al.Simulation on performance of common-rail diesel engine equipped with different turbocharging systems at different altitudes [J].Transactions of CSICE,2016,34(6):504-512.(in Chinese)
[16] SALAH M H,FRICK P M,WAGNER J R,et al.Nonlinear-control strategy for advanced vehicle thermal management systems [J].Control Engineering Practice,2009(17):609-621.
[17] JUNG D B,YONG J W,CHOI H Y,et al.Analysis of engine temperature and energy flow in diesel engine using engine thermal management [J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2013,27(2):583-592.
[18] 赵以贤,毕小平,王普凯,等.车用内燃机冷却系的流动与传热仿真 [J].内燃机工程,2003,24(4):1-5.ZHAO Yi-xian,BI Xiao-ping,WANG Pu-kai,et al.Simulation of heat transfer and coolant flow in cooling system of vehicle internal combustion engine [J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2003,24(4):1-5.(in Chinese)
[19] 周道锋.基于冷却液温度的发动机热平衡试验研究 [D].杭州:浙江大学.2013.ZHOU Dao-feng.Experimental Research of Engine Heat Balance Based on Coolant Temperature [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.(in Chinese)
[20] 刘瑞林.发动机高原热平衡性能模拟试验方法及系统:中国,201510287852.8 [P].2015-05-29.LIU Rui-lin.Test Method and System for Thermal Balance Performance Simulation of Engine Plateau:China,201510287852.8 [P].2015-05-29.(in Chinese)
[21] 刘楠,周磊,张文建,等.柴油机高海拔热平衡模拟试验系统开发 [J].热科学与技术,2016,15(2):129-134.LIU Nan,ZHOU Lei,ZHANG Wen-jian,et al.Development of thermal balance test system of diesel engine for high altitude [J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2016,15(2):129-134.(in Chinese)
[22] 姚仲鹏.车辆冷却传热 [M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001:17-18.YAO Zhong-peng.Heat Transfer and Cooling of Vehicles [M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2001:17-18.(in Chinese)
[2] 刘瑞林.柴油机高原环境适应性研究 [M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2013:1-6.LIU Rui-lin.Research on Plateau Environment Adaptability of Diesel Engine [M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2013:1-6.(in Chinese)
[3] KAMRAN H,RADHAKRISHNA D.Prediction of high altitude performance for UAV engine [C] // Symposium on International Automotive Technology,SAE Technical Paper 2015-26-0207.Warrendale:SAE International,2015.
[4] 刘瑞林,王凯,周磊,等.海拔高度对柴油机冷却系统性能影响的仿真研究 [J].军事交通学院学报,2014,16(9):26-30.LIU Rui-lin,WANG Kai,ZHOU Lei,et al.Simulation study on the effects of altitude on the performance of cooling system of diesel engine [J].Journal of Military Transportation University,2014,16(9):26-30.(in Chinese)
[5] 杨春浩,刘瑞林,陈陆洋,等.车用发动机热平衡研究进展与展望 [J].装备环境工程,2017,14(10):63-68.YANG Chun-hao,LIU Rui-lin,CHEN Lu-yang,et al.Research progress and prospect on thermal balance of vehicle engine [J].Equipment Environmental Engineering,2017,14 (10):63-68.(in Chinese)
[6] GHAREHGHANI A,KOOCHAK M,MIRSALIM M,et al.Experimental investigation of thermal balance of a turbocharged SI engine operating on natural gas [J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,60(1-2):200-207.
[7] 郭猛超,张晶,孙志新,等.高原运行柴油机增压技术应用综述 [J].机械设计与制造,2011(12):264-266.GUO Meng-chao,ZHANG Jing,SUN Zhi-xin,et al.A review of charging technology application to diesel engine in plateau area [J].Machinery Design & Manufacture,2011(12):264-266.(in Chinese)
[8] 董素荣,刘瑞林,周广猛,等.VGT叶片开度对二级增压柴油机高海拔燃烧特性与性能的影响 [J].内燃机学报,2017,35(3):231-237.DONG Su-rong,LIU Rui-lin,ZHOU Guang-meng,et al.Effects of VGT blade opening on combustion and performance on a two-stage turbocharging diesel engine at high altitude [J].Transactions of CSICE,2017,35(3):231-237.(in Chinese)
[9] LI H L,SHI L,CUI Y,et al.Research on a closed-loop control strategy of boost pressure in diesel engines with regulated two-stage turbocharging system [C] // JSAE/SAE 2015 International Powertrains,Fuels & Lubricants Meeting,SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1986.Warrendale:SAE International,2015.
[10] 靳嵘,张俊跃,胡力峰,等.高原自适应柴油机涡轮增压技术研究 [J].内燃机工程,2011,32(4):27-31.JIN Rong,ZHANG Jun-yue,HU Li-feng,et al.Study on varying altitude self-adaptive turbocharging system for diesel engine [J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2011,32(4):27-31.(in Chinese)
[11] STEINPARZER F.The BMW six-cylinder engine with two-stage turbo charging [J].AutoTechnology,2007,7(3):44-47.
[12] LANGEN P,HALL W,NEFISCHER P,et al.The new two-stage turbocharged six-cylinder diesel engine of the BMW 740d [J].MTZ Worldwide,2010,71(4):4-11.
[13] SCHMITT F.Powerful turbocharging system for passenger car diesel engines [J].MTZ Worldwide,2014,75(3):12-19.
[14] LIU R L,ZHANG Z J,DONG S R,et al.High-altitude matching characteristic of regulated two-stage turbocharger with diesel engine [J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2017,139(9):094501-9.
[15] 陈贵升,狄磊,苏娜,等.基于不同增压系统共轨柴油机变海拔工作特性模拟 [J].内燃机学报,2016,34(6):504-512.CHEN Gui-sheng,DI Lei,SU Na,et al.Simulation on performance of common-rail diesel engine equipped with different turbocharging systems at different altitudes [J].Transactions of CSICE,2016,34(6):504-512.(in Chinese)
[16] SALAH M H,FRICK P M,WAGNER J R,et al.Nonlinear-control strategy for advanced vehicle thermal management systems [J].Control Engineering Practice,2009(17):609-621.
[17] JUNG D B,YONG J W,CHOI H Y,et al.Analysis of engine temperature and energy flow in diesel engine using engine thermal management [J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2013,27(2):583-592.
[18] 赵以贤,毕小平,王普凯,等.车用内燃机冷却系的流动与传热仿真 [J].内燃机工程,2003,24(4):1-5.ZHAO Yi-xian,BI Xiao-ping,WANG Pu-kai,et al.Simulation of heat transfer and coolant flow in cooling system of vehicle internal combustion engine [J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2003,24(4):1-5.(in Chinese)
[19] 周道锋.基于冷却液温度的发动机热平衡试验研究 [D].杭州:浙江大学.2013.ZHOU Dao-feng.Experimental Research of Engine Heat Balance Based on Coolant Temperature [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.(in Chinese)
[20] 刘瑞林.发动机高原热平衡性能模拟试验方法及系统:中国,201510287852.8 [P].2015-05-29.LIU Rui-lin.Test Method and System for Thermal Balance Performance Simulation of Engine Plateau:China,201510287852.8 [P].2015-05-29.(in Chinese)
[21] 刘楠,周磊,张文建,等.柴油机高海拔热平衡模拟试验系统开发 [J].热科学与技术,2016,15(2):129-134.LIU Nan,ZHOU Lei,ZHANG Wen-jian,et al.Development of thermal balance test system of diesel engine for high altitude [J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2016,15(2):129-134.(in Chinese)
[22] 姚仲鹏.车辆冷却传热 [M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001:17-18.YAO Zhong-peng.Heat Transfer and Cooling of Vehicles [M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2001:17-18.(in Chinese)
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