柴油加氢装置高压热交换器腐蚀泄漏原因分析及预防措施
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摘要
针对发生泄漏的兰州石化炼油厂柴油加氢装置高压热交换器E1102,进行了设计、制造及运行工况分析,确定造成换热管腐蚀开裂的主要原因为实际工况偏离设计工况。根据实际工况重新核算了铵盐结晶温度,对比了铵盐结晶温度与管程介质运行温度,确认实际工况的偏离不足以造成氯化铵结晶析出。在考虑换热管内壁存在层流区及结焦等非理想情况后,重新核算了换热管内壁的壁面温度,确认其低于介质温度和铵盐结晶温度,是造成热交换器E1102报废的根本原因。根据原因分析结果,提出了设备和操作两方面的结盐预防措施。
The design,manufacture and operation of the high-pressure heat exchanger E1102 of diesel hydro-treating unit of CNPC Lanzhou Petrochemical Company Refinery has been reviewed for its leakage failure.The main reason of heat exchange pipe corrosion and crack has been verified as a deviation of actual operation conditions from the designed.The ammonium salt crystallization point was recalculated and compared with pipe side medium temperature under actual working conditions,which evidence the deviation is not enough to result in the ammonium salt crystallization.The heat exchanger pipe inner wall temperature was recalculated with additional consideration of non-ideal conditions as the existence of laminar area and coking area,and the calculated temperature is lower than the pipe side medium temperature and the ammonium salt crystallization temperature which was recognized as the root cause for the discarded E1102.Preventions to avoid ammonium salt crystallization were proposed from equipment and operation considerations.
The design,manufacture and operation of the high-pressure heat exchanger E1102 of diesel hydro-treating unit of CNPC Lanzhou Petrochemical Company Refinery has been reviewed for its leakage failure.The main reason of heat exchange pipe corrosion and crack has been verified as a deviation of actual operation conditions from the designed.The ammonium salt crystallization point was recalculated and compared with pipe side medium temperature under actual working conditions,which evidence the deviation is not enough to result in the ammonium salt crystallization.The heat exchanger pipe inner wall temperature was recalculated with additional consideration of non-ideal conditions as the existence of laminar area and coking area,and the calculated temperature is lower than the pipe side medium temperature and the ammonium salt crystallization temperature which was recognized as the root cause for the discarded E1102.Preventions to avoid ammonium salt crystallization were proposed from equipment and operation considerations.
引文
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[3]齐晓梅.加氢裂化装置热交换器结盐原因分析[J].石油炼制与化工,2015,46(3):57-60.QI X M.Analysis of scaling formation in hydrocracker heat exchangers[J].Petroleum processing and petrochemicals,2015,46(3):57-60.
[4]张晓明.加氢裂化装置铵盐结晶问题技术分析与处理措施[J].天津化工,2010,24(1):31-33.ZHANG X M.Technical analysis and treatment of ammonium salt crystallization in hydro-cracking unit[J].Tianjin chemical industry,2010,24(1):31-33.
[5]王国庆.加氢裂化装置高压热交换器的腐蚀与防护[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2014,31(3):38-43.WANG G Q.Corrosion of high-pressure heat exchanger in hydrocracking unit and prevention[J].Corrosion&protection in petrochemical industry,2014,31(3):38-43.
[6]李大东.加氢处理工艺与工程[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2004.LI D D.Hydro-treating process and engineering[M].Beijing:China Petrochemical Press Co.Ltd.,2004.
[7]左景伊,左禹.腐蚀数据与选材手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1995.ZUO J Y,ZUO Y.Corrosion data and material handbook[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1995.
[8]邵同培.柴油加氢改质装置高压热交换器管束腐蚀原因分析及对策[J].中外能源,2016,21(4):83-87.SHAO T P.An analysis of causes of corrosion of high pressure exchanger tubes in diesel hydroupgrading units[J].Sino-global energy,2016,21(4):83-87.
[9]金浩哲,王宽心,偶国富,等.基于Aspen Plus的加氢反应流出物铵盐结晶速率计算模型与分析[J].石油学报(石油加工),2015,31(6):1444-1449.JIN H Z,WANG K X,OU G F,et al.Calculation model and analysis of ammonium salt crystallization rate in hydrogenation reaction effluent based on aspen plus[J].Acta petrolei sinica(Petroleum processing section),2015,31(6):1444-1449.
[10]王昆鹏.加氢装置设备铵盐重点腐蚀部位的分析[J].广州化工,2015,43(11):177-179.WANG K P.Analyzes of ammonium salt heavy corrosion positions of equipments in hydrogenation unit[J].Guangzhou chemical industry,2015,43(11):177-179.
[11]诸林,刘瑾,王兵,等.化工原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.ZHU L,LIU J,WANG B,et al.Principles of chemical engineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007.
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[13]谭天恩,窦梅,周明华,等.化工原理(上册):第3版[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.TAN T E,DOU M,ZHOU M H,et al.Principles of chemical engineering:Volume 1:3rd ed[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
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