澳大利亚对中国周边国家的公共外交——以东南亚为例
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摘要
公共外交是澳大利亚作为中等强国发挥自身影响力和争取话语权的重要手段。澳大利亚一直很重视针对中国周边国家,尤其是东南亚国家的公共外交,并且不断丰富公共外交的方式,致力于加强与这些国家的关系,进一步融入亚洲;同时也是为了顺应其重要盟友——美国的亚太战略,以及便于其作为中等强国能够更多地参与到亚洲事务中来。这对中国而言,一方面域外国家的参与,尤其是对地区热点问题的干涉和相关国家的影响,将带来一定的压力;另一方面,这也是一个机遇,便于中国进一步加强与澳大利亚的沟通与合作。对此,中国既需要与澳大利亚保持沟通,明确澳大利亚的战略意图,针对澳大利亚在周边国家的公共外交重点及影响采取措施,也需要主动与澳大利亚加强联系与合作,将其纳入地区和全球大战略中来。
Public diplomacy is an important instrument for Australia as a middle power to exert its own influence and struggle for having a say. Australia has always attached great importance to the public diplomacy on China's neighboring countries,especially those in Southeast Asia,and it has continued to enrich the means of public diplomacy,being committed to strengthening its relations with these countries and integrating into Asia further. And it has been doing so also for being in line with the Asia Pacific strategy of its important ally,the US,and able to participate more in Asian affairs as a middle power. For China,the participation of extraterritorial countries,especially the interference of regional hotspot issues and the impact on relevant countries,will bring some pressure; on the other hand,this is also an opportunity for China to further strengthen its communication and cooperation with Australia. In this regard,China both needs to maintain communication with Australia,identify Australia's strategic intentions,take measures against the priorities and influence of Australia's public diplomacy on neighboring countries,and needs to actively strengthen the contacts and cooperation with Australia to integrate them into regional and global grand strategies.
Public diplomacy is an important instrument for Australia as a middle power to exert its own influence and struggle for having a say. Australia has always attached great importance to the public diplomacy on China's neighboring countries,especially those in Southeast Asia,and it has continued to enrich the means of public diplomacy,being committed to strengthening its relations with these countries and integrating into Asia further. And it has been doing so also for being in line with the Asia Pacific strategy of its important ally,the US,and able to participate more in Asian affairs as a middle power. For China,the participation of extraterritorial countries,especially the interference of regional hotspot issues and the impact on relevant countries,will bring some pressure; on the other hand,this is also an opportunity for China to further strengthen its communication and cooperation with Australia. In this regard,China both needs to maintain communication with Australia,identify Australia's strategic intentions,take measures against the priorities and influence of Australia's public diplomacy on neighboring countries,and needs to actively strengthen the contacts and cooperation with Australia to integrate them into regional and global grand strategies.
引文
(1)黄忠、唐小松:《澳大利亚公共外交探析》,《国际观察》2012年第4期,第57~64页。
(2)Alexandra Oliver and Russell Trood,“Public Diplomacy and Australia's Middle Power Strategy in East Asia,”in Jan Melissen and Yul Sohn,Understanding Public Diplomacy in East Asia:Middle Powers in a Troubled Region,Palgrave Macmillan,2015,pp.179~209.
(3)Caitlin Byrne and Rebecca Hal,l“Realising Australia's International Education as Public Diplomacy,”Australian Journal of International Affairs,Vol.67,Issue 4,2013,pp.419~438;Peter Horton,“Sport as Public Diplomacy and Public Disquiet:Australia's Ambivalent Embrace of the Beijing Olympics,”The International Journal of the History of Sport,Vol.25,Issue 7,2008,pp.851~875;王琳璐:《浅析澳大利亚国际教育的公共外交作用》,《学园》2015年第36期,第33~34页;江涛:《公共外交视角下的新科伦坡计划》,《公共外交季刊》2018年第1期,第97~102页;张亮:《澳大利亚的体育外交战略探析》,《江南社会学院学报》2017年第4期,第60~64页。
(4)Daniel Oakman,Facing Asia:A History of the Colombo Plan,Pandanus Books,2004;张建威:《亚洲世纪中的澳大利亚公共外交》,《大连大学学报》2013年第2期,第81~87页;潘玥、张自楚:《澳大利亚对印尼的公共外交及对中国的启示》,《战略决策研究》2018年第6期,第22~45页。
(1)Dictionary of International Relations Terms,U.S.Department of State,1987,p.85.
(2)叶鸿宇:《澳大利亚公共外交探索期的管理与实践研究》,《现代传播》2016年第3期,第61页。
(1)澳大利亚罗伊研究所(Lowy Institute)专家达米安·斯普赖(Damien Spry)在文章中表示,澳大利亚有伟大的故事要向世界讲述。Damien Spry,“Networks and Narratives:Public Diplomacy in the DFAT White Paper,”https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/networks-and-narratives-public-diplomacy-dfat-white-paper.
(1)Damien Spry,“Networks and Narratives:Public Diplomacy in the DFAT White Paper,”https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/networks-and-narratives-public-diplomacy-dfat-white-paper.
(2)张秋生:《略论澳大利亚卷入朝鲜战争及其对澳亚关系的影响》,《学海》2010年第2期,第149~153页;张秋生:《澳大利亚卷入越南战争及其对澳亚关系的影响》,《东南亚之窗》2009年第2期,第25~32页。
(1)Australian Government,Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade,“Annual Report 2015~16:Public Diplomacy and Communication,”https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/corporate/annual-reports/annual-report-2015-2016/home/section-2/results/area/public-diplomacy-and-communication/index.html.
(2)Australian Governmen,t“The Australia-Malaysia Institute,”https://dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/foundations-councils-institutes/australia-malaysia-institute/management/Documents/ami-information-booklet-english.pdf.
(3)《越南和澳大利亚的人力资源培训合作》,http://vovworld.vn/zh-CN/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%92%8C%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8A%9B%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%9F%B9%E8%AE%AD%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C-320388.vov。
(1)《澳大利亚与越南发表联合声明》,http://cn.nhandan.com.vn/documentation/item/2971901-%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%8E%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E.html。
(2)Australian Government,Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade,“Australia-Viet Nam Comprehensive Partnership,”http://dfat.gov.au/geo/vietnam/pages/australia-viet-nam-comprehensive-partnership.aspx.
(3)“Australia Pledges$5 Million to Help Indonesia after Devastating Quake and Tsunami,”https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-pledges-5-million-to-help-indonesia-after-devastating-quake-and-tsunami.
(4)Australian Government,Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade,“Australia-ASEAN Council,”https://dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/foundations-councils-institutes/australia-asean-council/Pages/australia-asean-council.aspx.
(5)“Australia-ASEAN Emerging Leaders Program,”https://asialink.unimelb.edu.au/asialink-dialogues-andapplied-research/programs/Emerging-Leaders-Program.
(6)《澳大利亚将承办2018年澳大利亚―东盟特别峰会》,https://zh.vietnamplus.vn/澳大利亚将承办2018年澳大利亚东盟特别峰会/62108.vnp。
(1)孙建党:《冷战与科伦坡计划的起源》,《历史教学》(高校版)2007年第9期,第101页。
(2)张秋生、蒋启良:《略论澳大利亚在〈科伦坡计划〉中对东南亚的援助》,《东南亚纵横》2012年12月,第64页。
(3)同上。
(4)同上,第65页。
(1)Katherine Vickers,“New Colombo Plan:Promoting Student Mobility between Australia and China,”http://china.embassy.gov.au/files/bjng/New%20Colombo%20Plan-%20Promoting%20student%20mobility%20between%20Australia%20and%20China.pdf.
(2)Australian Governmen,t“New Colombo Plan 2018 Scholarships,”http://dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/newcolombo-plan/scholarship-program/Documents/new-colombo-plan-scholars-2018.pdf.
(3)Caitlin Byrne and Rebecca Hal,l“International Education as Public Diplomacy,”https://www.ieaa.org.au/documents/item/258.
(1)王琳璐:《浅析澳大利亚国际教育的公共外交作用》,《学园》2015年第36期,第33页。
(2)《澳大利亚与东盟学校建立校际联系》,https://zh.vietnamplus.vn/澳大利亚与东盟学校建立校际联系/51544.vnp。
(3)“Launch of Logo Competition to Mark 45th Anniversary of Australian-Vietnam Diplomatic Relations,”http://vietnam.embassy.gov.au/hnoi/MR171010.html.
(4)《澳大利亚实施体育外交,加强与亚洲国家关系》,https://cn.apdnews.com/au/Australia_News/shehui/373631.html。
(1)“Top 10 Public Diplomacy Moments of 2015:CPD's Picks,”http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/story/top-10-public-diplomacy-moments-2015-cpds-picks.
(1)《澳大利亚政府意欲插手南海》,http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/interface/toutiao/1139301/2015-6-2/cd_20885083.html。
(2)Australian Governmen,t“2017 Foreign Policy White Paper,”https://www.fpwhitepaper.gov.au/foreign-policy-white-paper.
(3)《越南对澳大利亚出口额年均增长4.7%》,http://cn.nhandan.org.vn/economic/item/5402601-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%AF%B9%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%A2%9D%E5%B9%B4%E5%9D%87%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF4-7.html。
(4)《越南与澳大利亚同意加强防务合作》,http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world/2015/03/150318_vietnam_australia_south-china-sea。
(5)《澳洲撑菲提出南海仲裁》,https://news.mingpao.com/pns/dailynews/web_tc/article/20160217/s00013/1455646119096。
(1)《南海仲裁案:各方对仲裁作出的最新反应》,http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world/2016/07/160713_south_china_sea_ruling_latest_reax。
(2)《澳大利亚拟与印尼联合巡逻南海》,http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001069956。
(3)“Former Foreign Minister Gareth Evans Says Australian Warships Should be Sent to the South China Sea,”https://www.sbs.com.au/news/send-warships-to-south-china-sea-gareth.
(4)《日本澳大利亚“南北双锚”在南海上演争宠大戏》,http://www.sohu.com/a/193563956_115427。
(5)Australian Governmen,t“2017 Foreign Policy White Paper,”https://www.fpwhitepaper.gov.au/foreign-policy-white-paper.
(1)《澳大利亚,下一个反华急先锋---中国周边外交得失盘点》,http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-worldlook-1720004-1.shtm;l《澳大利亚为何对中国充满敌意!真相让中国人无语》,http://bbs.tiexue.net/post2_12170187_1.html。
(2)杨明宛:《东盟与澳大利亚的贸易关系---七十年代以来的发展及其前景》,《南洋问题研究》1988第2期,第27~32、46页。
(1)《澳大利亚将承办2018年澳大利亚―东盟特别峰会》,http://cn.qdnd.vn/cid-6130/7188/nid-536839.html。
(2)《中国同澳大利亚的关系》,http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn//gxh/cgb/zcgmzysx/yz_1/1206/1206x1/t7435.htm。
(3)《2017年1~9月澳大利亚货物贸易及中澳双边贸易概括》,http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/tongjiziliao/fuwzn/ckts/201711/20171102674805.shtml。
(1)《越南与澳大利亚签署教育领域合作协议》,http://cn.nhandan.com.vn/friendshipbridge/item/1341201-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%8E%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AD%BE%E7%BD%B2%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE.html。
(1)《中国―东盟关系树立“好邻居”典范》,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2017-11/15/c_1121960174.htm。
(2)Stephen Dziedzic,“Australia's Foreign Policy White Paper:What Does it Say,and What Does it Mean?”http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-23/foreign-policy-white-paper-what-does-it-mean-for-australia/9182188.
(3)王毅、李福建:《澳大利亚加入亚投行:利益权衡的选择?》,《当代世界》2015年第5期,第38~40页。
(4)新西兰和新加坡分别与中国签署了基于“一带一路”的合作谅解备忘录,参见《澳媒:澳大利亚应认真对待“一带一路”》,http://column.cankaoxiaoxi.com/2017/0524/2033930.shtml。
(1)《澳大利亚专家期盼澳加入“一带一路”铸就贸易强国》,http://news.china.com/news100/11038989/20170504/30487622_all.html。
(2)Alexandra Oliver and Russell Trood,“Public Diplomacy and Australia's Middle Power Strategy in East Asia,”in Jan Melissen and Yul Sohn,Understanding Public Diplomacy in East Asia:Middle Powers in a Troubled Region,Palgrave Macmillan,2015,pp.179~209.
(3)Caitlin Byrne and Rebecca Hal,l“Realising Australia's International Education as Public Diplomacy,”Australian Journal of International Affairs,Vol.67,Issue 4,2013,pp.419~438;Peter Horton,“Sport as Public Diplomacy and Public Disquiet:Australia's Ambivalent Embrace of the Beijing Olympics,”The International Journal of the History of Sport,Vol.25,Issue 7,2008,pp.851~875;王琳璐:《浅析澳大利亚国际教育的公共外交作用》,《学园》2015年第36期,第33~34页;江涛:《公共外交视角下的新科伦坡计划》,《公共外交季刊》2018年第1期,第97~102页;张亮:《澳大利亚的体育外交战略探析》,《江南社会学院学报》2017年第4期,第60~64页。
(4)Daniel Oakman,Facing Asia:A History of the Colombo Plan,Pandanus Books,2004;张建威:《亚洲世纪中的澳大利亚公共外交》,《大连大学学报》2013年第2期,第81~87页;潘玥、张自楚:《澳大利亚对印尼的公共外交及对中国的启示》,《战略决策研究》2018年第6期,第22~45页。
(1)Dictionary of International Relations Terms,U.S.Department of State,1987,p.85.
(2)叶鸿宇:《澳大利亚公共外交探索期的管理与实践研究》,《现代传播》2016年第3期,第61页。
(1)澳大利亚罗伊研究所(Lowy Institute)专家达米安·斯普赖(Damien Spry)在文章中表示,澳大利亚有伟大的故事要向世界讲述。Damien Spry,“Networks and Narratives:Public Diplomacy in the DFAT White Paper,”https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/networks-and-narratives-public-diplomacy-dfat-white-paper.
(1)Damien Spry,“Networks and Narratives:Public Diplomacy in the DFAT White Paper,”https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/networks-and-narratives-public-diplomacy-dfat-white-paper.
(2)张秋生:《略论澳大利亚卷入朝鲜战争及其对澳亚关系的影响》,《学海》2010年第2期,第149~153页;张秋生:《澳大利亚卷入越南战争及其对澳亚关系的影响》,《东南亚之窗》2009年第2期,第25~32页。
(1)Australian Government,Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade,“Annual Report 2015~16:Public Diplomacy and Communication,”https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/corporate/annual-reports/annual-report-2015-2016/home/section-2/results/area/public-diplomacy-and-communication/index.html.
(2)Australian Governmen,t“The Australia-Malaysia Institute,”https://dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/foundations-councils-institutes/australia-malaysia-institute/management/Documents/ami-information-booklet-english.pdf.
(3)《越南和澳大利亚的人力资源培训合作》,http://vovworld.vn/zh-CN/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%92%8C%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8A%9B%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%9F%B9%E8%AE%AD%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C-320388.vov。
(1)《澳大利亚与越南发表联合声明》,http://cn.nhandan.com.vn/documentation/item/2971901-%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%8E%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E.html。
(2)Australian Government,Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade,“Australia-Viet Nam Comprehensive Partnership,”http://dfat.gov.au/geo/vietnam/pages/australia-viet-nam-comprehensive-partnership.aspx.
(3)“Australia Pledges$5 Million to Help Indonesia after Devastating Quake and Tsunami,”https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-pledges-5-million-to-help-indonesia-after-devastating-quake-and-tsunami.
(4)Australian Government,Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade,“Australia-ASEAN Council,”https://dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/foundations-councils-institutes/australia-asean-council/Pages/australia-asean-council.aspx.
(5)“Australia-ASEAN Emerging Leaders Program,”https://asialink.unimelb.edu.au/asialink-dialogues-andapplied-research/programs/Emerging-Leaders-Program.
(6)《澳大利亚将承办2018年澳大利亚―东盟特别峰会》,https://zh.vietnamplus.vn/澳大利亚将承办2018年澳大利亚东盟特别峰会/62108.vnp。
(1)孙建党:《冷战与科伦坡计划的起源》,《历史教学》(高校版)2007年第9期,第101页。
(2)张秋生、蒋启良:《略论澳大利亚在〈科伦坡计划〉中对东南亚的援助》,《东南亚纵横》2012年12月,第64页。
(3)同上。
(4)同上,第65页。
(1)Katherine Vickers,“New Colombo Plan:Promoting Student Mobility between Australia and China,”http://china.embassy.gov.au/files/bjng/New%20Colombo%20Plan-%20Promoting%20student%20mobility%20between%20Australia%20and%20China.pdf.
(2)Australian Governmen,t“New Colombo Plan 2018 Scholarships,”http://dfat.gov.au/people-to-people/newcolombo-plan/scholarship-program/Documents/new-colombo-plan-scholars-2018.pdf.
(3)Caitlin Byrne and Rebecca Hal,l“International Education as Public Diplomacy,”https://www.ieaa.org.au/documents/item/258.
(1)王琳璐:《浅析澳大利亚国际教育的公共外交作用》,《学园》2015年第36期,第33页。
(2)《澳大利亚与东盟学校建立校际联系》,https://zh.vietnamplus.vn/澳大利亚与东盟学校建立校际联系/51544.vnp。
(3)“Launch of Logo Competition to Mark 45th Anniversary of Australian-Vietnam Diplomatic Relations,”http://vietnam.embassy.gov.au/hnoi/MR171010.html.
(4)《澳大利亚实施体育外交,加强与亚洲国家关系》,https://cn.apdnews.com/au/Australia_News/shehui/373631.html。
(1)“Top 10 Public Diplomacy Moments of 2015:CPD's Picks,”http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/story/top-10-public-diplomacy-moments-2015-cpds-picks.
(1)《澳大利亚政府意欲插手南海》,http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/interface/toutiao/1139301/2015-6-2/cd_20885083.html。
(2)Australian Governmen,t“2017 Foreign Policy White Paper,”https://www.fpwhitepaper.gov.au/foreign-policy-white-paper.
(3)《越南对澳大利亚出口额年均增长4.7%》,http://cn.nhandan.org.vn/economic/item/5402601-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%AF%B9%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%A2%9D%E5%B9%B4%E5%9D%87%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF4-7.html。
(4)《越南与澳大利亚同意加强防务合作》,http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world/2015/03/150318_vietnam_australia_south-china-sea。
(5)《澳洲撑菲提出南海仲裁》,https://news.mingpao.com/pns/dailynews/web_tc/article/20160217/s00013/1455646119096。
(1)《南海仲裁案:各方对仲裁作出的最新反应》,http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world/2016/07/160713_south_china_sea_ruling_latest_reax。
(2)《澳大利亚拟与印尼联合巡逻南海》,http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001069956。
(3)“Former Foreign Minister Gareth Evans Says Australian Warships Should be Sent to the South China Sea,”https://www.sbs.com.au/news/send-warships-to-south-china-sea-gareth.
(4)《日本澳大利亚“南北双锚”在南海上演争宠大戏》,http://www.sohu.com/a/193563956_115427。
(5)Australian Governmen,t“2017 Foreign Policy White Paper,”https://www.fpwhitepaper.gov.au/foreign-policy-white-paper.
(1)《澳大利亚,下一个反华急先锋---中国周边外交得失盘点》,http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-worldlook-1720004-1.shtm;l《澳大利亚为何对中国充满敌意!真相让中国人无语》,http://bbs.tiexue.net/post2_12170187_1.html。
(2)杨明宛:《东盟与澳大利亚的贸易关系---七十年代以来的发展及其前景》,《南洋问题研究》1988第2期,第27~32、46页。
(1)《澳大利亚将承办2018年澳大利亚―东盟特别峰会》,http://cn.qdnd.vn/cid-6130/7188/nid-536839.html。
(2)《中国同澳大利亚的关系》,http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn//gxh/cgb/zcgmzysx/yz_1/1206/1206x1/t7435.htm。
(3)《2017年1~9月澳大利亚货物贸易及中澳双边贸易概括》,http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/tongjiziliao/fuwzn/ckts/201711/20171102674805.shtml。
(1)《越南与澳大利亚签署教育领域合作协议》,http://cn.nhandan.com.vn/friendshipbridge/item/1341201-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%8E%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AD%BE%E7%BD%B2%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE.html。
(1)《中国―东盟关系树立“好邻居”典范》,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2017-11/15/c_1121960174.htm。
(2)Stephen Dziedzic,“Australia's Foreign Policy White Paper:What Does it Say,and What Does it Mean?”http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-23/foreign-policy-white-paper-what-does-it-mean-for-australia/9182188.
(3)王毅、李福建:《澳大利亚加入亚投行:利益权衡的选择?》,《当代世界》2015年第5期,第38~40页。
(4)新西兰和新加坡分别与中国签署了基于“一带一路”的合作谅解备忘录,参见《澳媒:澳大利亚应认真对待“一带一路”》,http://column.cankaoxiaoxi.com/2017/0524/2033930.shtml。
(1)《澳大利亚专家期盼澳加入“一带一路”铸就贸易强国》,http://news.china.com/news100/11038989/20170504/30487622_all.html。