四川盆地二叠系海陆过渡相页岩气地质条件及勘探潜力
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摘要
上二叠统龙潭组海陆过渡相泥页岩是四川盆地重要的烃源岩层系,前期的研究工作主要集中于烃源岩评价,而针对页岩气成藏方面的研究则较少。为此,通过对龙潭组取心井——东页深1井分析测试结果的解剖,结合邻区的钻探成果,对龙潭组富有机质泥页岩的分布特征、地化特征、储层特征、含气特征及顶底板条件等进行了研究,并与具有相似沉积背景且已获得良好页岩气显示的页岩层系展开了对比分析,明确了龙潭组页岩气形成的地质条件及勘探潜力。研究结果表明:(1)川东南地区龙潭组海陆过度相富有机质泥页岩发育,厚度大于40 m、脆性矿物含量较高、孔隙度较高、有机碳含量高、热演化程度适中、含气性较好,具备页岩气形成的有利地质条件;(2)较之于国内外其他已获得良好页岩气显示的海陆过渡相泥页岩,川东南地区龙潭组孔隙度、有机碳含量、有机质成熟度、含气量等关键参数更优;(3)有机质类型是影响龙潭组泥页岩中有机质孔隙发育程度的主要因素,页岩气勘探选层应避开煤层富集段。结论认为:在综合考虑富有机质泥页岩发育程度及夹层厚度、埋深、保存等条件下,綦江—赤水一带是四川盆地龙潭组海陆过渡相页岩气勘探的最有利地区。
Marine–continent transitional facies shale of the Longtan Fm, Upper Permian is an important source rock stratum in the Sichuan Basin. The previous researches on it mainly focus more on source rock evaluation, but less on shale gas accumulation. In this paper, the test and analysis results of Well DYS1, the coring well of Longtan Fm were dissected. Combined with the drilling results of its adjacent area, the organic rich shale in the Longtan Fm were studied from the aspects of distribution, geochemical, reservoir, gas-bearing characteristics and roof and floor conditions, and then compared with the shale strata with similar sedimentary background and good shale gas shows. And accordingly, its geological conditions for the formation of Longtan shale gas and its exploration potential were made clear. And the following research results were obtained. First, in the southeastern Sichuan Basin, the organic rich shale of transitional facies of Longtan Fm is developed with a thickness of more than 40 m. It is characterized by high brittle mineral content, high porosity, high total organic carbon(TOC), moderate thermal evolution(Ro) and good gas-bearing property. Therefore, it is geologically favorable for the formation of shale gas. Second, compared with the existing transitional facies shales at home and abroad, the Longtan shale is better in terms of porosity, TOC, Ro, gas content and other key parameters. Third, the type of organic matters is the main reason for the low development degree of organic pores in the Longtan shale. And during its shale gas exploration and selection, the coal seam enriched sections shall be avoided. In conclusion, considering the development degree, interlayer thickness, depth and preservation conditions of organic rich shale comprehensively, the Qijiang–Chishui area is the best exploration area for the transitional facies shale gas of Longtan Fm in the Sichuan Basin.
Marine–continent transitional facies shale of the Longtan Fm, Upper Permian is an important source rock stratum in the Sichuan Basin. The previous researches on it mainly focus more on source rock evaluation, but less on shale gas accumulation. In this paper, the test and analysis results of Well DYS1, the coring well of Longtan Fm were dissected. Combined with the drilling results of its adjacent area, the organic rich shale in the Longtan Fm were studied from the aspects of distribution, geochemical, reservoir, gas-bearing characteristics and roof and floor conditions, and then compared with the shale strata with similar sedimentary background and good shale gas shows. And accordingly, its geological conditions for the formation of Longtan shale gas and its exploration potential were made clear. And the following research results were obtained. First, in the southeastern Sichuan Basin, the organic rich shale of transitional facies of Longtan Fm is developed with a thickness of more than 40 m. It is characterized by high brittle mineral content, high porosity, high total organic carbon(TOC), moderate thermal evolution(Ro) and good gas-bearing property. Therefore, it is geologically favorable for the formation of shale gas. Second, compared with the existing transitional facies shales at home and abroad, the Longtan shale is better in terms of porosity, TOC, Ro, gas content and other key parameters. Third, the type of organic matters is the main reason for the low development degree of organic pores in the Longtan shale. And during its shale gas exploration and selection, the coal seam enriched sections shall be avoided. In conclusion, considering the development degree, interlayer thickness, depth and preservation conditions of organic rich shale comprehensively, the Qijiang–Chishui area is the best exploration area for the transitional facies shale gas of Longtan Fm in the Sichuan Basin.
引文
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[10]唐玄,张金川,丁文龙,于炳松,王龙,马玉龙,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界海陆过渡相页岩储集性与含气性[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):147-157.Tang Xuan,Zhang Jinchuan,Ding Wenlong,Yu Bingsong,Wang Long,Ma Yulong,et al.The reservoir property of the Upper Paleozoic marine-continental transitional shale an its gas-bearing capacity in the Southeastern Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):147-157.
[11]孙则朋,王永莉,魏志福,张明峰,汪亘,王自翔,等.海陆过渡相页岩含气性及气体地球化学特征--以鄂尔多斯盆地山西组页岩为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(4):859-868.Sun Zeming,Wang Yongli,Wei Zhifu,Zhang Mingfeng,Wang Gen,Wang Zixiang,et al.Shale gas content and geochemical characteristics of marine-continental transitional shale:A case from the Shanxi formation of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(4):859-868.
[12]李建忠,李登华,董大忠,王社教.中美页岩气成藏条件、分布特征差异研究与启示[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):56-63.Li Jianzhong,Li Denghua,Dong Dazhong&Wang Shejiao.Comparison and enlightenment on formation condition and distribution characteristics of shale gas between China and U.S.[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):56-63.
[13]蒋恕,唐相路,Osborne S,Anderson T.页岩油气富集的主控因素及误辩:以美国、阿根廷和中国典型页岩为例[J].地球科学,2017,42(7):1083-1091.Jiang Su,Tang Xianglu,Osborne S&Anderson T.Enrichment factors and current misunderstanding of shale oil and gas:Case study of shales in U.S.,Argentina and China[J].Earth Science,2017,42(7):1083-1091.
[14]张林晔,李政,朱日房.页岩气的形成与开发[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):124-128.Zhang Linye,Li Zheng&Zhu Rifang.The formation and exploitation of shale gas[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(1):124-128.
[15]Curtis JB.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[16]Hill DG&Nelson CR.Reservoir properties of the Upper Cretaceous Lewis Shale,a new natural gas play in the San Juan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(8):1240.
[17]柳广弟,张厚福.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Liu Guangdi&Zhang Houfu.Curriculum construction of petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[18]黄第藩,李晋超.干酪根类型划分的X图解[J].地球化学,1982(1):21-30.Huang Difan&Li Jinchao.X-diagram of kerogen classification and the characters of kerogen of standard humic type[J].Geochimica,1982(1):21-30.
[19]郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,王庆波.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):9-16.Guo Xusheng,Li Yuping,Liu Ruobing&Wang Qingbo.Characteristics and controlling factors of micro-pore structures of Longmaxi Shale Play in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):9-16.
[20]陈在君,刘顶运,李登前.煤层垮塌机理分析及钻井液防塌探讨[J].钻井液与完井液,2007,24(4):28-29.Chen Zaijun,Liu Dingyun&Li Dengqian.Mechanism analysis of coalbed caving and a discussion about the caving prevention by drilling fluids DF-CF[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2007,24(4):28-29.
[2]刘小平,潘继平,董清源,刘东鹰,段宏亮,刘华东,等.苏北地区古生界页岩气形成地质条件[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(6):1100-1108.Liu Xiaoping,Pan Jiping,Dong Qingyuan,Liu Dongying,Duan Hongliang Liu Huadong,et al.Geological conditions of shale gas forming in Paleozoic Subei Area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(6):1100-1108.
[3]曹涛涛,邓模,刘虎,刘光祥,Hursthouse AS.川南-黔北地区龙潭组页岩气成藏条件分析[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(3):6-12.Cao Taotao,Deng Mo,Liu Hu,Liu Guangxiang&Hursthouse AS.Shale gas accumulation condition analysis of Longtan Formation in Southern Sichuan-Northern Guizhou[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(3):6-12..
[4]周东升,许林峰,潘继平,黄晓伟.扬子地块上二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探前景[J].天然气工业,2012,32(12):6-10.Zhou Dongsheng,Xu Linfeng,Pan Jiping&Huang Xiaowei.Prospect of shale gas exploration in the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in the Yangtze Massif[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(12):6-10.
[5]张吉振,李贤庆,王元,付庆华,蔡月琪,牛海岩.海陆过渡相煤系页岩气成藏条件及储层特征--以四川盆地南部龙潭组为例[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1871-1878.Zhang Jizhen,Li Xianqing,Wang Yuan,Fu Qinghua,Cai Yueqi,Niu Haiyan.Accumulation conditions and reservoir characteristics of marine-terrigenous facies coal measures shale gas from Longtan Formation in South Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1871-1878.
[6]郭旭升,胡东风,魏志红,李宇平,魏祥峰.涪陵页岩气田的发现与勘探认识[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(3):24-37.Guo Xusheng,Hu Dongfeng,Wei Zhihong,Li Yuping&Wei Xiangfeng.Discovery and exploration of Fuling shale gas field[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(3):24-37.
[7]郭彤楼.涪陵页岩气田发现的启示与思考[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):29-43.Guo Tonglou.Discovery and characteristics of the Fuling shale gas field and its enlightenment and thinking[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):29-43.
[8]刘明.沁水盆地上古生界页岩气成藏特征及资源潜力评价[J].中国煤炭地质,2016,28(12):25-33.Liu Ming.Upper Paleozoic shale gas reservoiring features and resource potential assessment in Qinshui Basin[J].Coal Geology of China,2016,28(12):25-33.
[9]邱庆伦,张古彬,冯辉,张栋,张馨元.河南中牟区块页岩气特征及勘探前景分析[J].地质找矿论丛,2018(1):70-75.Qiu Qinglun,Zhang Gubin,Feng Hui,Zhang Dong&Zhang Xinyuan.Characteristics of shale gas and analysis of the prospecting potential in Zhongmu block,Henan Province[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2018(1):70-75.
[10]唐玄,张金川,丁文龙,于炳松,王龙,马玉龙,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界海陆过渡相页岩储集性与含气性[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):147-157.Tang Xuan,Zhang Jinchuan,Ding Wenlong,Yu Bingsong,Wang Long,Ma Yulong,et al.The reservoir property of the Upper Paleozoic marine-continental transitional shale an its gas-bearing capacity in the Southeastern Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):147-157.
[11]孙则朋,王永莉,魏志福,张明峰,汪亘,王自翔,等.海陆过渡相页岩含气性及气体地球化学特征--以鄂尔多斯盆地山西组页岩为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(4):859-868.Sun Zeming,Wang Yongli,Wei Zhifu,Zhang Mingfeng,Wang Gen,Wang Zixiang,et al.Shale gas content and geochemical characteristics of marine-continental transitional shale:A case from the Shanxi formation of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(4):859-868.
[12]李建忠,李登华,董大忠,王社教.中美页岩气成藏条件、分布特征差异研究与启示[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):56-63.Li Jianzhong,Li Denghua,Dong Dazhong&Wang Shejiao.Comparison and enlightenment on formation condition and distribution characteristics of shale gas between China and U.S.[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):56-63.
[13]蒋恕,唐相路,Osborne S,Anderson T.页岩油气富集的主控因素及误辩:以美国、阿根廷和中国典型页岩为例[J].地球科学,2017,42(7):1083-1091.Jiang Su,Tang Xianglu,Osborne S&Anderson T.Enrichment factors and current misunderstanding of shale oil and gas:Case study of shales in U.S.,Argentina and China[J].Earth Science,2017,42(7):1083-1091.
[14]张林晔,李政,朱日房.页岩气的形成与开发[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):124-128.Zhang Linye,Li Zheng&Zhu Rifang.The formation and exploitation of shale gas[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(1):124-128.
[15]Curtis JB.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[16]Hill DG&Nelson CR.Reservoir properties of the Upper Cretaceous Lewis Shale,a new natural gas play in the San Juan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(8):1240.
[17]柳广弟,张厚福.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Liu Guangdi&Zhang Houfu.Curriculum construction of petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[18]黄第藩,李晋超.干酪根类型划分的X图解[J].地球化学,1982(1):21-30.Huang Difan&Li Jinchao.X-diagram of kerogen classification and the characters of kerogen of standard humic type[J].Geochimica,1982(1):21-30.
[19]郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,王庆波.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):9-16.Guo Xusheng,Li Yuping,Liu Ruobing&Wang Qingbo.Characteristics and controlling factors of micro-pore structures of Longmaxi Shale Play in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):9-16.
[20]陈在君,刘顶运,李登前.煤层垮塌机理分析及钻井液防塌探讨[J].钻井液与完井液,2007,24(4):28-29.Chen Zaijun,Liu Dingyun&Li Dengqian.Mechanism analysis of coalbed caving and a discussion about the caving prevention by drilling fluids DF-CF[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2007,24(4):28-29.