武汉市东西湖区某街道314家用人单位职业卫生现状调查
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摘要
目的 为掌握武汉市东西湖区某街道职业病危害因素分布和职业卫生管理情况,寻找职业病防治对策。方法 共调查武汉市东西湖区某街道存在职业病危害因素的用人单位314家。调查内容包括用人单位基本情况、职业病危害因素分布情况、危险品分布情况、职业卫生管理情况等。调查问卷采用EpiData 3.0和SPSS 22.0进行数据录入和统计分析。结果 武汉市东西湖区某街道用人单位以微型企业为主、最主要的行业为金属制品业。69.1%的用人单位存在粉尘,其中电焊烟尘分布范围最广,占30.4%。最主要的化学因素为苯及苯系化合物,接害人数798人,其次是氮氧化合物,接害人数667人。最主要的物理因素是噪声,男性约为女性的1.5倍。仅1家用人单位存在放射性物质。有18家用人单位储存危险化学品,氢氧化钠最多,占22.2%。结论 分布最广的职业病危害因素为物理因素,其次为粉尘和化学因素,存在放射性物质的企业和接害人数最少。应加强小微用人单位职业卫生管理,建立起职业病危害信息网络管理系统,提高上报信息的及时性、完整性和准确性。
[Objective]To obtain the distribution of occupational-disease-inductive factors and occupational health management of a street in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City,find out the measures of occupational disease prevention and control.[Methods]A total of 314 enterprises with occupational hazards in a street in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City were investigated. The contents of the survey included the basic situation of the enterprises,the distribution of occupational disease-inductive factors,the distribution of dangerous goods and the situation of occupational health management. Epidata 3.0 and SPSS 22.0 were applied in data entry and statistical analysis.[Results]The employers in a street in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City were dominated by micro enterprises,and the main industries were metal products industry. 69.1% of enterprises had the dust hazard,and the welding fume was the most widely distributed,accounting for 30.4%. The most important chemical factors were benzene and benzene compounds,and there were 798 exposed workers,followed by nitrogen and oxygen compounds,with 667 exposed workers. The main physical factor was noise,and the males were about 1.5 times than females. Only one enterprise had radioactive material. There were 16 enterprises had the hazardous chemicals,which sodium hydroxide accounted for the largest proportion(22.2%).[Conclusion]The most widespread occupational hazard factors are physical factors,followed by dust and chemical factors,and enterprises with radioactive substances and the number of exposed workers are the least. It is necessary to strengthen the occupational health management of small and micro employers,establish the network management system of occupational hazards information,and improve the timeliness,completeness and accuracy of reporting information.
[Objective]To obtain the distribution of occupational-disease-inductive factors and occupational health management of a street in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City,find out the measures of occupational disease prevention and control.[Methods]A total of 314 enterprises with occupational hazards in a street in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City were investigated. The contents of the survey included the basic situation of the enterprises,the distribution of occupational disease-inductive factors,the distribution of dangerous goods and the situation of occupational health management. Epidata 3.0 and SPSS 22.0 were applied in data entry and statistical analysis.[Results]The employers in a street in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City were dominated by micro enterprises,and the main industries were metal products industry. 69.1% of enterprises had the dust hazard,and the welding fume was the most widely distributed,accounting for 30.4%. The most important chemical factors were benzene and benzene compounds,and there were 798 exposed workers,followed by nitrogen and oxygen compounds,with 667 exposed workers. The main physical factor was noise,and the males were about 1.5 times than females. Only one enterprise had radioactive material. There were 16 enterprises had the hazardous chemicals,which sodium hydroxide accounted for the largest proportion(22.2%).[Conclusion]The most widespread occupational hazard factors are physical factors,followed by dust and chemical factors,and enterprises with radioactive substances and the number of exposed workers are the least. It is necessary to strengthen the occupational health management of small and micro employers,establish the network management system of occupational hazards information,and improve the timeliness,completeness and accuracy of reporting information.
引文
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[15]DOBRAS MJ.Health literacy as an element of the Polish occupational health system[J].Med Pr,2016,67(5):681-689.
[16]LI ANSON KC,NOWROUZI-KIA B.Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Occupational Health Outcomes in Canada[J].Int J Occup Environ Med,2017,8(2):96-108.
[17]胡双球,张琼,朱新河,等.风电场运行维护作业人员心理状况初步评估及职业健康知识需求调查分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(10):787-789.
[18]程若城,李海生,于久愿.现代项目管理理论在建设项目职业病危害评价工作中的实际运用[J].职业与健康,2018,34(6):854-861.
[19]王磊,胡英俊,陈公超,等.上海市某镇125家企业职业卫生管理制度落实情况调查[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2018,36(4):318-321.
[20]李巍,金楠.2017年重庆市职业性苯接触工人专项检查结果[J].职业与健康,2018,34(15):2025-2027,2034.
[21]刘纪廷,于政民,徐酩,等.江苏某铅酸蓄电池企业职业卫生现状调查[J].贵州医科大学学报,2018,43(9):1027-1032.
[2]戴霞云,陈振龙,李济超,等.武汉市经济技术开发区138家汽车制造业职业卫生现状调查[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(6):995-1006.
[3]刘清香,刘松,郑育丰.深圳市光明新区职业卫生现状调查与分析[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(9):1570-1573.
[4]国家统计局.关于印发《统计上大中小微型企业划分办法(2017)》的通知[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgz/tzgb/201801/t20180103_1569254.html
[5]王凤,范晓丽,陈曾曾,等.山东省三级综合医院职业病危害防治现状调查[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2017,35(2):154-156.
[6]SURI S,DAS R.Occupational health profile of workers employed in the manufacturing sector of India[J].Natl Med J India,2016,29(5):277-281.
[7]卫婷婷,梅良英.我国电子行业职业暴露及对女工健康危害的现状[J].中华预防医学杂志,2018,52(2):206-209.
[8]DZHUSUPOV KO,COLOSIO C,TABIBI R,et al.Occupational Health in Mountainous Kyrgyzstan[J].Ann Glob Health,2015,81(4):530-537.
[9]NOWROUZI B,GOHAR B,NOWROUZI-KIA B,et al.Facilitators and barriers to occupational health and safety in small and medium-sized enterprises:a descriptive exploratory study in Ontario,Canada[J].Int JOccup Saf Ergon,2016,22(3):360-366.
[10]DE JAGER P,REES D,KISTING S,et al.Nudging for Prevention in Occupational Health and Safety in South Africa Using Fiscal Policies[J].New Solut,2017,27(2):176-188.
[11]贺培兰,赵春香,董秋颖,等.装饰涂料制造企业风险评估中职业危害风险指数模型的应用[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2018,36(1):18-21.
[12]周珊宇,温贤忠,李旭东,等.广东省2011-2015年新发职业性噪声聋流行病学特征[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(6):737-739,744.
[13]TSUJI H,USUDA K,TAKAHASHI Y et al.Challenges and solutions in immigrant occupational health in the United States:a literature review and comparative analysis[J].Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi,2016,58(2):63-71.
[14]OGBUANYA TC,ESEADI C,ORJI CT,et al.Effects of rational emotive occupational health therapy intervention on the perceptions of organizational climate and occupational risk management practices among electronics technology employees in Nigeria[J].Medicine(Baltimore),2017,96(18):e6765.
[15]DOBRAS MJ.Health literacy as an element of the Polish occupational health system[J].Med Pr,2016,67(5):681-689.
[16]LI ANSON KC,NOWROUZI-KIA B.Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Occupational Health Outcomes in Canada[J].Int J Occup Environ Med,2017,8(2):96-108.
[17]胡双球,张琼,朱新河,等.风电场运行维护作业人员心理状况初步评估及职业健康知识需求调查分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(10):787-789.
[18]程若城,李海生,于久愿.现代项目管理理论在建设项目职业病危害评价工作中的实际运用[J].职业与健康,2018,34(6):854-861.
[19]王磊,胡英俊,陈公超,等.上海市某镇125家企业职业卫生管理制度落实情况调查[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2018,36(4):318-321.
[20]李巍,金楠.2017年重庆市职业性苯接触工人专项检查结果[J].职业与健康,2018,34(15):2025-2027,2034.
[21]刘纪廷,于政民,徐酩,等.江苏某铅酸蓄电池企业职业卫生现状调查[J].贵州医科大学学报,2018,43(9):1027-1032.