济南市鱼类功能群及其与水环境因子的关系
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摘要
为了研究济南地区鱼类群落结构特征及鱼类功能群季节性变化,于2015年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月)选取济南地区20个省市级水环境监测点对鱼类群落和水环境理化因子特征进行野外调查,运用香浓维纳指数、鱼类群落功能群划分等方法,分析鱼类群落组成和空间结构特征。结果表明:鱼类物种数有6目34种,均以鲤形目为主,春季鱼类物种数最高,秋季物种数最低;共划分出4个类群14种功能群,春季以黏性卵、筑巢产卵和敏感性功能群为主,夏季以昆虫食性、耐污、中上层和底层功能群为主,秋季以杂食性、肉食性、植食性、浮性卵、中等耐污、特殊产卵和中下层功能群为主。典范对应分析表明,影响春季、夏季和秋季鱼类功能群的主要环境因子分别为电导率、总磷和总氮,济南地区水体受人为干扰严重,水体呈中度污染。
In order to study the characteristics of fish community structure and seasonal changes of fish functional groups in Jinan area,20 provincial and municipal water environment monitoring points were selected in spring( May),summer( August) and autumn( November) in 2015 to conduct field investigation on the characteristics of fish community and water environment physical and chemical factors. The composition and spatial structure of fish community were analyzed by using Shannon-Wiener index and functional group division of fish community. The results show that the number of fish species is6 orders and 34 species,mainly Cyprinidae. The highest number of fish species is in spring and the lowest is in autumn.Four groups and fourteen functional groups are classified. In spring,sticky eggs,nesting and oviposition,and sensitive functional groups are the main functional groups. In summer,insect-feeding groups,pollution resistance groups,upper and middle functional groups are the main functional groups. In autumn,omnivorous,carnivorous,phytophagous,floating eggs,moderate pollution resistance,special spawning and functional groups of middle and lower layers are the main functional groups. Canonical correspondence analysis show that the main environmental factors affecting fish functional groups in spring,summer and autumn are conductivity,total phosphorus and total nitrogen. The water in Jinan is seriously disturbed by human activities,and the water is moderately polluted.
In order to study the characteristics of fish community structure and seasonal changes of fish functional groups in Jinan area,20 provincial and municipal water environment monitoring points were selected in spring( May),summer( August) and autumn( November) in 2015 to conduct field investigation on the characteristics of fish community and water environment physical and chemical factors. The composition and spatial structure of fish community were analyzed by using Shannon-Wiener index and functional group division of fish community. The results show that the number of fish species is6 orders and 34 species,mainly Cyprinidae. The highest number of fish species is in spring and the lowest is in autumn.Four groups and fourteen functional groups are classified. In spring,sticky eggs,nesting and oviposition,and sensitive functional groups are the main functional groups. In summer,insect-feeding groups,pollution resistance groups,upper and middle functional groups are the main functional groups. In autumn,omnivorous,carnivorous,phytophagous,floating eggs,moderate pollution resistance,special spawning and functional groups of middle and lower layers are the main functional groups. Canonical correspondence analysis show that the main environmental factors affecting fish functional groups in spring,summer and autumn are conductivity,total phosphorus and total nitrogen. The water in Jinan is seriously disturbed by human activities,and the water is moderately polluted.
引文
[1]李艳利,李艳粉,徐宗学.影响浑太河流域鱼类群落结构的不同尺度环境因子分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3504-3512.(LI Yanli,LI Yanfen,XU Zongxue.Effect of environmental factors on macroinvertebrate community structure in the Huntai River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(9):3504-3512.(in Chinese))
[2]MATTHEWS W J. Fish faunal“breaks”and stream order in the eastern and central United States[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1982,17(2):81-92.
[3]韩艳利,王新功,黄文海,等.黄河黑山峡不同开发方案对鱼类的影响[J].水资源保护,2011,27(5):92-96.(HAN Yanli,WANG Xingong,HUANG Wenhai,et al.Study on impacts of different development programs on fish in Heishan Gorge of Yellow River[J]. Water Resources Protection,2011,27(5):92-96.(in Chinese))
[4]武玮,徐宗学,殷旭旺,等.渭河流域鱼类群落结构特征及其完整性评价[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(9):981-989.(WU Wei,XU Zongxue,YIN Xuwang,et al. Fish community structure and the effect of environmental factors in the Wei River Basin[J]. Environmental Science Research,2014,27(9):981-989.(in Chinese))
[5]TAYLOR C M,JR M L W. Dynamics in species composition of stream fish assemblages:environmental variability and nested subsets[J]. Ecology,2008,82(8):2320-2330.
[6]王云涛,张远,高欣,等.太子河流域不同水生态区鱼类群落分布与环境因子的关联性[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(2):192-201.(WANG Yuntao,ZHANG Yuan,GAO Xin,et al. Analysis of fish community distribution and its relationship with environmental factors in different freshwater eco-regions of Taizi River Basin[J]. Research of Environmental Science,2016,29(2):192-201.(in Chinese))
[7] CASATTI L,LANGEANI F,FERREIRA C P. Effects of physical habitat degradation on the stream fish assemblage structure in a pasture region[J]. Environmental Management,2006,38(6):974-982.
[8]刘猛,渠晓东,彭文启.浑太河流域鱼类生物完整性指数构建与应用[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(3):343-352.(LIU Meng,QU Xiaodong,PENG Wenqi,et al.Development and application of a fish-based index of biological integrity for the Huntai River Basin[J].Research of Environmental Science,2016,29(3):343-352.(in Chinese))
[9] BARBOUR M T,GERRITSEN J,SNYDER B D,et al.Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers:periphyton,benthic macroinvertebrates and Fish[R]. Washington D C:US Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Water,1999.
[10]裴雪姣,牛翠娟,高欣,等.应用鱼类完整性评价体系评价辽河流域健康[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5736-5746.(PEI Xuejiao,NIU Cuijuan,GAO Xin,et al. The ecological health assessment of Liao River Basin,China,based on biotic integrity index of fish[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(21):5736-5746.(in Chinese))
[11]VISINTAINER T A,BOLLENS S M,SIMENSTAD C.Community composition and diet of fishes as a function of tidal channel geomorphology[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2006,321,227-243.
[12]高欣,丁森,张远,等.鱼类生物群落对太子河流域土地利用、河岸带栖息地质量的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(21):7198-7206.(GAO Xin,DING Sen,ZHANG Yuan,et al. Exploring the relationship among land-use,riparian habitat quality,and biological integrity of a fish community[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(21):7198-7206.(in Chinese))
[13]丁森,张远,渠晓东,等.影响太子河流域鱼类空间分布的不同尺度环境因子分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2272-2280.(DING Sen,ZHANG Yuan,QU Xiaodong,et al. Influence on the spatial distribution of fish in Taizi River Basin by environmental factors at multiple scales[J]. Environmental Science,2012,33(7):2272-2280.(in Chinese))
[14]吕军,汪雪格,刘伟,等.松花江流域主要干支流纵向连通性与鱼类生境[J].水资源保护,2017,33(6):155-160.(LYU Jun,WANG Xuege,LIU Wei,et al.Longitudinal connectivity and fish habitat of main tributaries in Songhuajiang River Basin[J]. Water Resources Protection,2017,33(6):155-160.(in Chinese))
[15]李丽娟,张吉,吴丹,等.太子河流域鱼类功能群结构与多样性对土地利用类型的响应关系[J].生态学报2017,37(20):1-12.(LI Lijuan,ZHANG Ji,WU Dan,et al. Relationships between structure and diversity of fish functional groups and land use in the Taizi River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,37(20):1-12.(in Chinese))
[16]HOEINGHAUS D J,WINEMILLER K O,LAYMAN C A,et al. Effects of seasonality and migratory prey on body condition of cichla species in a tropical Floodplain River[J]. Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2006,15(4):398-407.
[17]刘凯,徐东坡,张敏莹,等.崇明北滩鱼类群落生物多样性初探[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(4):418-421.(LIU Kai,XU Dongpo,ZHANG Minying,et al.Preliminary studies on biodiversity of fish community on north beach of Chongming Island[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2005,14(4):418-421.(in Chinese))
[18]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2836-2842.(MAO Zhigang,GU Xiaohong,ZENG Qingfei,et al. Community structure and diversity of fish in Lake Taihu[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(12):2836-2842.(in Chinese))
[19]陈小华,李小平,程曦.黄浦江和苏州河上游鱼类多样性组成的时空特征[J].生物多样性,2008,16(2):191-196.(CHEN Xiaohua,LI Xiaoping,CHENG Xi. Spatialtemporal distribution of fish assemblages in the upstream of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek[J]. Biodiversity Science,2008,16(2):191-196.(in Chinese))
[20]刘明典,陈大庆,段辛斌,等.应用鱼类生物完整性指数评价长江中上游健康状况[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(2):1-6.(LIU Mingdian,CHEN Daqing,DUAN Xinbin,et al. Assessment of ecosystem health of upper and middle Yangtze River using fish-index of biotic integrity[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2010,27(2):1-6.(in Chinese))
[21]陈宏文,张萌,刘足根,等.赣江流域淡水生态系统完整性与健康状态的鱼类F-IBI值评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011(9):1098-1107.(CHEN Hongwen,ZHANG Meng,LIU Zugen,et al. Assessment on freshwater ecosystem integrity and health in Ganjiang River Basin through the fish F-IBI method[J]. Resources and Environment of Yangtze River Basin,2011(9):1098-1107.(in Chinese))
[22]REUM J C,ESSINGTON T E. Seasonal variation in guild structure of the Puget Sound demersal fish community[J].Estuaries and Coasts,2008,31(4):790-801.
[23]严云志,占姚军,储玲,等.溪流大小及其空间位置对鱼类群落结构的影响[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(5):1022-1030.(YAN Yunzhi,YAO Jun,CHU ling,et al.Effects of stream size and spatial position on streamdwelling fish assemblages[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2010,34(5):1022-1030.(in Chinese))
[24]BEAUGER A,LAIR N,REYES-MARCHANT P,et al. The distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a reach of the River Allier(France),in relation to riverbed characteristics[J]. Hydrobiologia,2006,571:63-76.
[25]PURDY S E,MOYLE P B,TATE K W. Montane meadows in the Sierra Nevada:comparing terrestrial and aquatic assessment methods[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(11):6967-6986.
[26]GOMES M C,HAEDRICH R L,ILLAGARCIA M G.Spatial and temporal changes in the ground fish assemblages on the north-east Newfoundland/Labrador Shelf,north-west Atlantic, 1978-1991[J]. Fisheries Oceanography,1995,4(2):85-101
[27]ALKINS-KOO M. Reproductive timing of fishes in a tropical intermittent stream[J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,57(1):49-66.
[28] TZENG W,WANG Y,CHANG C. Spatial and temporal variations of the estuarine larval fish community on the west coast of Taiwan[J]. Marine&Freshwater Research,2002,53(2):419-430.
[29]王伟,王冰,何旭颖,等.太子河鱼类群落结构空间分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(5):494-501.(WANG Wei,WANG Bing,HE Xuying,et al. Study of zoning and distribution characteristics of fish in Taizi River[J]. Research of Environmental Science,2013,26(5):494-501.(in Chinese))
[2]MATTHEWS W J. Fish faunal“breaks”and stream order in the eastern and central United States[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1982,17(2):81-92.
[3]韩艳利,王新功,黄文海,等.黄河黑山峡不同开发方案对鱼类的影响[J].水资源保护,2011,27(5):92-96.(HAN Yanli,WANG Xingong,HUANG Wenhai,et al.Study on impacts of different development programs on fish in Heishan Gorge of Yellow River[J]. Water Resources Protection,2011,27(5):92-96.(in Chinese))
[4]武玮,徐宗学,殷旭旺,等.渭河流域鱼类群落结构特征及其完整性评价[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(9):981-989.(WU Wei,XU Zongxue,YIN Xuwang,et al. Fish community structure and the effect of environmental factors in the Wei River Basin[J]. Environmental Science Research,2014,27(9):981-989.(in Chinese))
[5]TAYLOR C M,JR M L W. Dynamics in species composition of stream fish assemblages:environmental variability and nested subsets[J]. Ecology,2008,82(8):2320-2330.
[6]王云涛,张远,高欣,等.太子河流域不同水生态区鱼类群落分布与环境因子的关联性[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(2):192-201.(WANG Yuntao,ZHANG Yuan,GAO Xin,et al. Analysis of fish community distribution and its relationship with environmental factors in different freshwater eco-regions of Taizi River Basin[J]. Research of Environmental Science,2016,29(2):192-201.(in Chinese))
[7] CASATTI L,LANGEANI F,FERREIRA C P. Effects of physical habitat degradation on the stream fish assemblage structure in a pasture region[J]. Environmental Management,2006,38(6):974-982.
[8]刘猛,渠晓东,彭文启.浑太河流域鱼类生物完整性指数构建与应用[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(3):343-352.(LIU Meng,QU Xiaodong,PENG Wenqi,et al.Development and application of a fish-based index of biological integrity for the Huntai River Basin[J].Research of Environmental Science,2016,29(3):343-352.(in Chinese))
[9] BARBOUR M T,GERRITSEN J,SNYDER B D,et al.Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers:periphyton,benthic macroinvertebrates and Fish[R]. Washington D C:US Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Water,1999.
[10]裴雪姣,牛翠娟,高欣,等.应用鱼类完整性评价体系评价辽河流域健康[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5736-5746.(PEI Xuejiao,NIU Cuijuan,GAO Xin,et al. The ecological health assessment of Liao River Basin,China,based on biotic integrity index of fish[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(21):5736-5746.(in Chinese))
[11]VISINTAINER T A,BOLLENS S M,SIMENSTAD C.Community composition and diet of fishes as a function of tidal channel geomorphology[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2006,321,227-243.
[12]高欣,丁森,张远,等.鱼类生物群落对太子河流域土地利用、河岸带栖息地质量的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(21):7198-7206.(GAO Xin,DING Sen,ZHANG Yuan,et al. Exploring the relationship among land-use,riparian habitat quality,and biological integrity of a fish community[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(21):7198-7206.(in Chinese))
[13]丁森,张远,渠晓东,等.影响太子河流域鱼类空间分布的不同尺度环境因子分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2272-2280.(DING Sen,ZHANG Yuan,QU Xiaodong,et al. Influence on the spatial distribution of fish in Taizi River Basin by environmental factors at multiple scales[J]. Environmental Science,2012,33(7):2272-2280.(in Chinese))
[14]吕军,汪雪格,刘伟,等.松花江流域主要干支流纵向连通性与鱼类生境[J].水资源保护,2017,33(6):155-160.(LYU Jun,WANG Xuege,LIU Wei,et al.Longitudinal connectivity and fish habitat of main tributaries in Songhuajiang River Basin[J]. Water Resources Protection,2017,33(6):155-160.(in Chinese))
[15]李丽娟,张吉,吴丹,等.太子河流域鱼类功能群结构与多样性对土地利用类型的响应关系[J].生态学报2017,37(20):1-12.(LI Lijuan,ZHANG Ji,WU Dan,et al. Relationships between structure and diversity of fish functional groups and land use in the Taizi River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,37(20):1-12.(in Chinese))
[16]HOEINGHAUS D J,WINEMILLER K O,LAYMAN C A,et al. Effects of seasonality and migratory prey on body condition of cichla species in a tropical Floodplain River[J]. Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2006,15(4):398-407.
[17]刘凯,徐东坡,张敏莹,等.崇明北滩鱼类群落生物多样性初探[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(4):418-421.(LIU Kai,XU Dongpo,ZHANG Minying,et al.Preliminary studies on biodiversity of fish community on north beach of Chongming Island[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2005,14(4):418-421.(in Chinese))
[18]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2836-2842.(MAO Zhigang,GU Xiaohong,ZENG Qingfei,et al. Community structure and diversity of fish in Lake Taihu[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(12):2836-2842.(in Chinese))
[19]陈小华,李小平,程曦.黄浦江和苏州河上游鱼类多样性组成的时空特征[J].生物多样性,2008,16(2):191-196.(CHEN Xiaohua,LI Xiaoping,CHENG Xi. Spatialtemporal distribution of fish assemblages in the upstream of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek[J]. Biodiversity Science,2008,16(2):191-196.(in Chinese))
[20]刘明典,陈大庆,段辛斌,等.应用鱼类生物完整性指数评价长江中上游健康状况[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(2):1-6.(LIU Mingdian,CHEN Daqing,DUAN Xinbin,et al. Assessment of ecosystem health of upper and middle Yangtze River using fish-index of biotic integrity[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2010,27(2):1-6.(in Chinese))
[21]陈宏文,张萌,刘足根,等.赣江流域淡水生态系统完整性与健康状态的鱼类F-IBI值评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011(9):1098-1107.(CHEN Hongwen,ZHANG Meng,LIU Zugen,et al. Assessment on freshwater ecosystem integrity and health in Ganjiang River Basin through the fish F-IBI method[J]. Resources and Environment of Yangtze River Basin,2011(9):1098-1107.(in Chinese))
[22]REUM J C,ESSINGTON T E. Seasonal variation in guild structure of the Puget Sound demersal fish community[J].Estuaries and Coasts,2008,31(4):790-801.
[23]严云志,占姚军,储玲,等.溪流大小及其空间位置对鱼类群落结构的影响[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(5):1022-1030.(YAN Yunzhi,YAO Jun,CHU ling,et al.Effects of stream size and spatial position on streamdwelling fish assemblages[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2010,34(5):1022-1030.(in Chinese))
[24]BEAUGER A,LAIR N,REYES-MARCHANT P,et al. The distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a reach of the River Allier(France),in relation to riverbed characteristics[J]. Hydrobiologia,2006,571:63-76.
[25]PURDY S E,MOYLE P B,TATE K W. Montane meadows in the Sierra Nevada:comparing terrestrial and aquatic assessment methods[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(11):6967-6986.
[26]GOMES M C,HAEDRICH R L,ILLAGARCIA M G.Spatial and temporal changes in the ground fish assemblages on the north-east Newfoundland/Labrador Shelf,north-west Atlantic, 1978-1991[J]. Fisheries Oceanography,1995,4(2):85-101
[27]ALKINS-KOO M. Reproductive timing of fishes in a tropical intermittent stream[J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,57(1):49-66.
[28] TZENG W,WANG Y,CHANG C. Spatial and temporal variations of the estuarine larval fish community on the west coast of Taiwan[J]. Marine&Freshwater Research,2002,53(2):419-430.
[29]王伟,王冰,何旭颖,等.太子河鱼类群落结构空间分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(5):494-501.(WANG Wei,WANG Bing,HE Xuying,et al. Study of zoning and distribution characteristics of fish in Taizi River[J]. Research of Environmental Science,2013,26(5):494-501.(in Chinese))
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