四川境内赤水河流域上中游水土流失时空变化研究
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摘要
以国家级水土流失重点治理区赤水河流域上中游(四川境内)为研究区,以2000—2015年为研究时间区间,考虑修正后的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)中各影响因子,综合评价得到水土流失敏感性空间分布,按照国家标准将流域土壤侵蚀由低到高分为6个等级,同时结合变化斜率法利用GIS软件平台,分析15 a期间流域水土流失情况的变化趋势,为研究区水土流失及其防治工作提供理论依据。结果表明:2000—2015年期间,占研究区总面积34. 8%的区域水土流失呈增长趋势,65. 2%的区域水土流失呈降低趋势;水土流失显著增加的区域占6. 14%,主要集中在叙永与古蔺交界的几个乡镇;水土流失显著减少的区域占29. 43%,零星分布于研究区各处,最集中分布于合江县西北方向。赤水河流域上中游(四川境内)水土流失主要以中度侵蚀为主,空间分布特征明显,呈现南高北低的格局,轻度及以下水土流失区域主要分布在北部区域,极强烈和强烈水土流失区域集中分布于南部低中山区域。15 a间呈增长趋势的区域仅占流域全区的6. 14%,充分说明长期的治理初见成效。
The research area is located in the middle and upper reaches of Chishui river basin (in Sichuan province),it is a key national water and soil loss control area. The time interval of this study was from 2000 to2015. Considering the influence factors in the Revised General Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE),the spatial distribution of water and soil loss sensitivity was obtained by comprehensive evaluation,and the soil erosion in the basin was divided into 6 grades from low to high according to the national standards. The change trend of water and soil loss in the basin during the 15 years was analyzed by using GIS software platform with the change slope method,which provided theoretical basis for water and soil loss and its control in the study area. The results showed that: water and soil loss in the region accounting for 34. 8 % of the total area showed an increasing trend,and 65. 2 % of it showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2015; the area with significant increase in water and soil loss accounted for 6. 14% of the total area,which mainly concentrated in several towns at the junction of Xuyong and Gulin. The area with significant decrease in water and soil loss accounted for 29. 43% of the total area,which scattered throughout the study area,and most concentrated in the northwest of Hejiang County. Water and soil loss in the upper and middle reaches of the Chishui river basin (in Sichuan province)was dominated by moderate erosion,and its spatial distribution characteristics were obvious,showing a pattern of high in the south and low in the north. The light and lower water and soil loss areas were mainly distributed in the northern region,and the strong and extremely strong water and soil loss areas were concentrated in the southern low mountain region. The area that showed an increasing trend during the past 15 years accounted for only 6. 14% of the entire basin,which fully demonstrated the success of the long-term governance.
The research area is located in the middle and upper reaches of Chishui river basin (in Sichuan province),it is a key national water and soil loss control area. The time interval of this study was from 2000 to2015. Considering the influence factors in the Revised General Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE),the spatial distribution of water and soil loss sensitivity was obtained by comprehensive evaluation,and the soil erosion in the basin was divided into 6 grades from low to high according to the national standards. The change trend of water and soil loss in the basin during the 15 years was analyzed by using GIS software platform with the change slope method,which provided theoretical basis for water and soil loss and its control in the study area. The results showed that: water and soil loss in the region accounting for 34. 8 % of the total area showed an increasing trend,and 65. 2 % of it showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2015; the area with significant increase in water and soil loss accounted for 6. 14% of the total area,which mainly concentrated in several towns at the junction of Xuyong and Gulin. The area with significant decrease in water and soil loss accounted for 29. 43% of the total area,which scattered throughout the study area,and most concentrated in the northwest of Hejiang County. Water and soil loss in the upper and middle reaches of the Chishui river basin (in Sichuan province)was dominated by moderate erosion,and its spatial distribution characteristics were obvious,showing a pattern of high in the south and low in the north. The light and lower water and soil loss areas were mainly distributed in the northern region,and the strong and extremely strong water and soil loss areas were concentrated in the southern low mountain region. The area that showed an increasing trend during the past 15 years accounted for only 6. 14% of the entire basin,which fully demonstrated the success of the long-term governance.
引文
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[18]孙华,白红英,张清雨,等.基于SPOT VEGETATION的秦岭南坡近10年来植被覆盖变化及其对温度的响应[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(3):649-654.SUN H,BAI H Y,ZHANG Q Y,et al.Vegetation cover change and its response to temperature in southern slope of Qinling Mountains in recent 10 years based on SPOT VEGETATION[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(3):649-654.
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[2]四川省人民政府.四川绘水土流失综合治理蓝图生态脆弱区实行项目准入制度[DB/OL].(2017-01-10)[2018-05-15].http://www.sc.gov.cn/10462/10464/10797/2017/1/10/10410426.shtml.PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT OF SICHUAN PROV-INCE.Sichuan draws water and soil loss comprehensively and manages blueprint ecological fragile area to implement project admittance system[DB/OL].(2017-01-10)[2018-05-15].http://www.sc.gov.cn/10462/10464/10797/2017/1/10/10410426.shtml.
[3]杨世凡,安裕伦,王培彬,等.贵州赤水河流域生态红线区划分研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(8):1405-1411.YANG S F,AN Y L,WANG P B,et al.Study on the division of ecological red lines in the Chishui River basin of Guizhou[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze River Basin,2015,24(8):1405-1411.
[4]谢刚,谢元贵,廖小锋,等.基于水土流失敏感性的岩溶地区景观生态风险评价---以黔南州为例[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(3):298-304.XIE G,XIE Y G,LIAO X F,et al.Assessment of landscape ecological risk in Karst area based on sensitivity of soil and water loss:A case study in Southern Guizhou[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(3):298-304.
[5]龚雪梅,冯文兰,郑杰,等.岷江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(9):68-74.GONG X M,FENG W L,ZHENG J,et al.Evaluation of soil erosion sensitivity in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(9):68-74.
[6]YAN R,ZHANG X P,YAN S J,et al.Estimating soil erosion response to land use/cover change in a catchment of the Loess Plateau,China[J].International Soil&Water Conservation Research,2018,6(1):13-22.
[7]JAMIL A A ANACHE,DENNIS C FLANAGAN,AN-URAG SRIVASYAVA,et al.Land use and climate change impacts on runoff and soil erosion at the hillslope scale in the Brazilian Cerrado[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018(s622-623):140-151.
[8]泸州市人民政府地方志办公室.泸州年鉴[M].北京:方志出版社,2007.LOCAL CHRONICLES OFFICE OF THE PEOPLE'SGOVERNMENT OF LUZHOU.Luzhou Yearbook[M].Beijing:Fang Zhi Press,2007.
[9]何珍.南充市水土流失变化研究[D].南充:西华师范大学,2016.HE Z.Study on the change of soil and water loss in Nanchong[D].Nanchong:China West Normal University,2016.
[10]周伏建,黄炎和.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值[J].水土保持学报,1995(1):13-18.ZHOU F J,HUANG Y H.The R value of rainfall erosivity index in Fujian[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1995(1):13-18.
[11]伍育鹏,谢云.国内外降雨侵蚀力简易计算方法的比较[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):31-34.WU Y P,XIE Y.Comparison of simple methods for calculating rainfall erosivity at home and abroad[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(3):31-34.
[12]魏兰香,曹广超,曹生奎,等.基于USLE模型的祁连山南坡土壤侵蚀现状评价[J].武汉工程大学学报,2017,39(3):288-295.WEI L X,CAO G C,CAO S K,et al.Assessment of soil erosion in the southern slope of Qilian mountains based on USLE model[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology,2017,39(3):288-295.
[13]白芸.工程堆积体坡面水蚀过程及土质可蚀性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.BAI Y.Overflow erosion process and soil erodibility of deposit body from rainfall simulatoin[D].Yangling∶Northwest A&F University,2014.
[14]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.CAI C F,DING S W,SHI Z H,et al.Study of applying USLE and geographical information system IDRISI to predict Soil Erosion in Small Watershed[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2000,14(2):19-24.
[15]吴昌广,吕华丽,周志翔,等.三峡库区土壤侵蚀空间分布特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(3):15-21.WU C G,LYU H L,ZHOU Z X,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Science and Technology of Soil and Water Conservation in China,2012,10(3):15-21.
[16]许尔琪,张红旗,董光龙.伊犁河谷土壤水力侵蚀的时空变化研究[J].资源科学,2016,38(7):1203-1211.XU E Q,ZHANG H Q,DONG G L.Temporal and spatial variation of soil water erosion in Yili Valley[J].Resource Science,2016,38(7):1203-1211.
[17]马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,等.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价[J].生态学报,2015,35(21):7117-7129.MA J,LI C X,WEI H,et al.Evaluation of ecological vulnerability in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(21):7117-7129.
[18]孙华,白红英,张清雨,等.基于SPOT VEGETATION的秦岭南坡近10年来植被覆盖变化及其对温度的响应[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(3):649-654.SUN H,BAI H Y,ZHANG Q Y,et al.Vegetation cover change and its response to temperature in southern slope of Qinling Mountains in recent 10 years based on SPOT VEGETATION[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(3):649-654.
[19]水利部水土保持司.土壤侵蚀分级分类标准(SL190-96)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997.WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION DEPARTMENTOF THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES.Classification criteria for soil erosion(SL 190-96)[S].Beijing:China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,1997.