沙棘绕实蝇成虫和幼虫人工饲料研究
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摘要
【目的】本研究建立了沙棘绕实蝇Rhagoletis batava Hering实验种群,为该实蝇生物防治工作奠定基础。【方法】以蜂蜜、蔗糖、酵母膏等为原料,按照不同配比配成饲料,饲养沙棘绕实蝇成虫,观察其对成虫性成熟、交配产卵以及寿命的影响。此外,在室内条件(25.00±2.50)℃,光照周期为15L:9D,相对湿度65.00%±5.00%,以蔗糖、酵母膏、麦麸、沙棘果汁(果酱)等为原料,按照不同配比配成饲料,饲养沙棘绕实蝇幼虫,观察其对幼虫历期+化蛹历期、化蛹率及蛹特性的影响。【结果】4种不同配比的饲料对成虫性成熟、交配时间、产卵痕数量和雌雄成虫寿命有显著影响;其中配方D饲养的沙棘绕实蝇成虫性成熟历期、交配时间和产卵痕数量、雌雄成虫寿命分别为(1.78±0.09)d、(4.15±0.03)h、(4.52±0.17)个、(15.47±0.77)d和(15.15±0.79)d,与配方A、B、C均有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。幼虫半人工饲料最佳配方为配方C,其化蛹率、幼虫历期+化蛹历期、蛹长、蛹宽、蛹重分别为50.00%±2.89%、(7.20±0.16)d、(4.74±0.03)mm、(2.45±0.24)mm、(7.21±0.11)mg;全人工饲料最佳配方为配方C,其化蛹率、幼虫历期+化蛹历期、蛹长、蛹宽、蛹重分别为35.00%±7.64%、(5.38±0.18)d、(4.26±0.04)mm、(2.30±0.02)mm、(6.12±0.18)mg;果酱饲料最佳配方为配方C,其化蛹率、幼虫历期+化蛹历期、蛹长、蛹宽、蛹重分别为45.00%±2.89%、(7.11±0.16)d、(4.45±0.07)mm、(2.44±0.02)mm、(6.78±0.21)mg。【结论】沙棘绕实蝇成虫饲养最佳配方为酵母膏20 g、蜂蜜20 g、纯净水160 mL;幼虫半人工饲料最佳配方为蔗糖10 g、酵母膏15 g、麦麸30 g、沙棘果汁50 mL;幼虫全人工饲料最佳配方为蔗糖10 g、酵母膏15 g、麦麸30 g、纯净水50 mL;幼虫饲养最佳果泥饲料配方为沙棘果酱50 g、酵母膏3 g、尼泊尔金0.3 g。
[Objectives] A Rhagoletis batava Hering population was established to facilitate research on the biological control of this pest. [Methods] Adults were fed four different diets containing different proportions of honey, sucrose and yeast extract to investigate the effects of diet on sexual maturation, mating, oviposition and longevity. Larvae were kept at( 25.00±2.50)℃, under an indoor light cycle of 15L:9D and relative humidity of 65.00% ± 5.00% and fed on different proportions of sucrose, yeast extract, oat bran, seabuckthorn fruit juice and jam, to determine the effects of these different diets on the duration of the larval and pupal stages and the pupation rate. [Results] Adults fed on the four different diets had significantly different times to sexual maturity, mating times, female fecundity and life span. Of the four diets, diet D was the best; the duration to sexual maturity, mating time, female fecundity, and lifespan of adults fed this diet were(1.78±0.09) d,(4.15±0.03) h,(4.52±0.17),(15.47 ±0.77) d and(15.15 ±0.79) d, which were significantly different from those of adults that were fed diets A, B and C(P<0.01). The best semi-artificial diet for larvae was diet C, and the pupation rate, larval period +pupal period, pupal length, pupal width and pupal weight of larvae fed this diet were 50.00%±2.89%,(7.20±0.16)d,(4.74±0.03)mm,(2.45±0.24)mm and(7.21±0.11)mg, respectively. The best completely artificial diet for larvae was diet C;larvae fed on this diet had a pupation rate, larval period + pupation period, pupal length, pupal width and pupal weight of 35.00%±7.64%,(5.38±0.18)d,(4.26±0.04)mm,(2.30±0.02)mm and(6.12±0.18)mg, respectively. The best jam-based diet for larvae was diet C, with a pupation rate, larval period + pupation period, pupal length, pupal width and pupal weight of45.00%±2.89%,(7.11±0.16)d,(4.45±0.07)mm,(2.44±0.02)mm,(6.78±0.21)mg, respectively. [Conclusion] The optimal diet for adult R. batava was 20 g yeast paste, 20 g honey and 160 mL purified water. The best semi-artificial diet for larvae was 10 g of sucrose, 15 g of yeast extract, 30 g of wheat bran and 50 mL of sea buckthorn juice. The best completely artificial diet for larvae was also comprised of 10 g of sucrose, 15 g of yeast extract, 30 g of wheat bran, and 50 mL of purified water. The best jam-based diet for larvae was 50 g seabuckthorn jam, 3 g yeast extract and 0.3 g Nepali gold.
[Objectives] A Rhagoletis batava Hering population was established to facilitate research on the biological control of this pest. [Methods] Adults were fed four different diets containing different proportions of honey, sucrose and yeast extract to investigate the effects of diet on sexual maturation, mating, oviposition and longevity. Larvae were kept at( 25.00±2.50)℃, under an indoor light cycle of 15L:9D and relative humidity of 65.00% ± 5.00% and fed on different proportions of sucrose, yeast extract, oat bran, seabuckthorn fruit juice and jam, to determine the effects of these different diets on the duration of the larval and pupal stages and the pupation rate. [Results] Adults fed on the four different diets had significantly different times to sexual maturity, mating times, female fecundity and life span. Of the four diets, diet D was the best; the duration to sexual maturity, mating time, female fecundity, and lifespan of adults fed this diet were(1.78±0.09) d,(4.15±0.03) h,(4.52±0.17),(15.47 ±0.77) d and(15.15 ±0.79) d, which were significantly different from those of adults that were fed diets A, B and C(P<0.01). The best semi-artificial diet for larvae was diet C, and the pupation rate, larval period +pupal period, pupal length, pupal width and pupal weight of larvae fed this diet were 50.00%±2.89%,(7.20±0.16)d,(4.74±0.03)mm,(2.45±0.24)mm and(7.21±0.11)mg, respectively. The best completely artificial diet for larvae was diet C;larvae fed on this diet had a pupation rate, larval period + pupation period, pupal length, pupal width and pupal weight of 35.00%±7.64%,(5.38±0.18)d,(4.26±0.04)mm,(2.30±0.02)mm and(6.12±0.18)mg, respectively. The best jam-based diet for larvae was diet C, with a pupation rate, larval period + pupation period, pupal length, pupal width and pupal weight of45.00%±2.89%,(7.11±0.16)d,(4.45±0.07)mm,(2.44±0.02)mm,(6.78±0.21)mg, respectively. [Conclusion] The optimal diet for adult R. batava was 20 g yeast paste, 20 g honey and 160 mL purified water. The best semi-artificial diet for larvae was 10 g of sucrose, 15 g of yeast extract, 30 g of wheat bran and 50 mL of sea buckthorn juice. The best completely artificial diet for larvae was also comprised of 10 g of sucrose, 15 g of yeast extract, 30 g of wheat bran, and 50 mL of purified water. The best jam-based diet for larvae was 50 g seabuckthorn jam, 3 g yeast extract and 0.3 g Nepali gold.
引文
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Li LL,2009.Technique optimization of mass rearing oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Henel).Master dissertation.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.[李丽丽,2009.橘小实蝇大量饲养技术优化.硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学.]
Ma S,Wu GX,Zhu JY,Wang JR,Gao X,Xiao C,Li ZY,2012.Effects of supplying hydromel and mating behavior on life-span of procecidochares utilis adults.Acta Agriculurae Jiangxi,24(2):83?85.[马沙,吴国星,朱家颖,汪金蓉,高熹,肖春,李正跃,2012.补充蜂蜜水及交配行为对泽兰实蝇成虫寿命的影响.江西农业学报,24(2):83?85.]
Pan Y,2016.Study on the sugar content of food to fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Henel).Master dissertation.Guangzhou:Huanan Agricultural University.[潘雅,2016.橘小实蝇对食物糖含量的影响研究.硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学.]
Wang QL,Shao Y,Ren LL,Li ZH,Li TX,Li BS,Zhan GP,2014.Fruit and beer yeast Bactrocer-a corecta(Bezi)development influence first report.China Plant Protection,34(1):70?72.[王巧铃,邵莹,任荔荔,李志红,李天秀,李柏树,詹国平,2014.水果和啤酒酵母对番石榴实蝇发育的影响初报.中国植保导刊,34(1):70?72.]
Wang YN,1984.Insect Artificial Feed Manual.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House Press.49?50.[王延年,1984.昆虫人工饲料手册.上海:上海科学技术出版社.49?50.]
Wu FH,Zhao YZ,2004.The former Soviet union research and prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests of Hippophae rhamnoides.Water Resources Development and Management,2(4):44?48.[武福亨,赵玉珍,2004.前苏联沙棘病虫害的研究与防治.水资源开发与管理,2(4):44?48.]
Yuan SY,Xiao C,Li ZY,Zhu JY,2003.Orange-swatter laboratory breeding technology research.Acta Agriclturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,25(4):577?580.[袁盛勇,肖春,李正跃,朱家颖,2003.桔小实蝇实验室饲养技术研究.江西农业大学学报,25(4):577?580.]
Yuan SY,Kong Q,Xiao C,Yang SS,Sun W,Zhang JB,Li ZY,2006.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)adults artificial feed screening.Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,25(4):37?40.[袁盛勇,孔琼,肖春,杨仕生,孙文,张建波,李正跃,2006.桔小实蝇成虫人工饲料的筛选.华中农业大学学报,25(4):37?40.]
Zhang N,Zhu JM,Lu Y,Adil S,Gin G,2017.Population dynamics and biological characteristics of Rhagoletis batava Hering in Burqin county.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,40(6):409?415.[张宁,朱建梅,陆燕,阿地力·沙塔尔,金格斯,2017.布尔津县沙棘绕实蝇的发生动态及习性研究.新疆农业大学学报,40(6):409?415.]
Zhao B,Su Z,Li SS,Men J,Cheng TM,Wei JR,2017.Biological characteristics of Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa(Diptera:Tephritidae).Forest Research,30(4):576?581.[赵斌,苏智,李莎莎,门金,程态明,魏建荣,2017.沙棘绕实蝇的生物学习性.林业科学研究,30(4):576?581.]
Zhao B,Li SS,Su Z,Cao DD,Wei JR,2018.Rearing of Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa adults.Plant Protection,44(4):114?118,124.[赵斌,李莎莎,苏智,曹丹丹,魏建荣,2018.沙棘绕实蝇成虫饲养研究.植物保护,44(4):114?118,124.]
Zhu JM,Zhang N,Adil S,Lu Y,Wulabak,Gin G,2018.Preferences of Rhagoletis batava to yellow sticky traps with different wavelengths.The Forest Diseases and Pests in China,3(3):13?16.[朱建梅,张宁,阿地力·沙塔尔,陆燕,吾拉别克,金格斯,2018.不同波长的黄板对沙棘绕实蝇引诱效果研究.中国森林病虫,3(3):13?16.]
Gao Q,2005.Studies on optimizing and selecting artificial diets for Bactrocera dorsalis(Henel).Masteral dissertation.Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.[高强,2005.橘小实蝇人工饲料的研究.硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学.]
Ge BW,Li GH,Zhang YW,Fan YF,1988.Preliminary research of Rhagoletis batava.Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology,1988(3):45?46.[葛葆蔚,李桂和,张玉伟,范玉峰,1988.沙棘果实蝇的初步研究.辽宁林业科技,1988(3):45?46.]
Ge BW,1991.Prevention and control technology research of Rhagoletis batava.Forest Pest and Disease,(2):24?25.[葛葆蔚,1991.沙棘果实蝇防治技术的研究.森林病虫通讯,(2):24?25.]
Li LL,2009.Technique optimization of mass rearing oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Henel).Master dissertation.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.[李丽丽,2009.橘小实蝇大量饲养技术优化.硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学.]
Ma S,Wu GX,Zhu JY,Wang JR,Gao X,Xiao C,Li ZY,2012.Effects of supplying hydromel and mating behavior on life-span of procecidochares utilis adults.Acta Agriculurae Jiangxi,24(2):83?85.[马沙,吴国星,朱家颖,汪金蓉,高熹,肖春,李正跃,2012.补充蜂蜜水及交配行为对泽兰实蝇成虫寿命的影响.江西农业学报,24(2):83?85.]
Pan Y,2016.Study on the sugar content of food to fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Henel).Master dissertation.Guangzhou:Huanan Agricultural University.[潘雅,2016.橘小实蝇对食物糖含量的影响研究.硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学.]
Wang QL,Shao Y,Ren LL,Li ZH,Li TX,Li BS,Zhan GP,2014.Fruit and beer yeast Bactrocer-a corecta(Bezi)development influence first report.China Plant Protection,34(1):70?72.[王巧铃,邵莹,任荔荔,李志红,李天秀,李柏树,詹国平,2014.水果和啤酒酵母对番石榴实蝇发育的影响初报.中国植保导刊,34(1):70?72.]
Wang YN,1984.Insect Artificial Feed Manual.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House Press.49?50.[王延年,1984.昆虫人工饲料手册.上海:上海科学技术出版社.49?50.]
Wu FH,Zhao YZ,2004.The former Soviet union research and prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests of Hippophae rhamnoides.Water Resources Development and Management,2(4):44?48.[武福亨,赵玉珍,2004.前苏联沙棘病虫害的研究与防治.水资源开发与管理,2(4):44?48.]
Yuan SY,Xiao C,Li ZY,Zhu JY,2003.Orange-swatter laboratory breeding technology research.Acta Agriclturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,25(4):577?580.[袁盛勇,肖春,李正跃,朱家颖,2003.桔小实蝇实验室饲养技术研究.江西农业大学学报,25(4):577?580.]
Yuan SY,Kong Q,Xiao C,Yang SS,Sun W,Zhang JB,Li ZY,2006.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)adults artificial feed screening.Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,25(4):37?40.[袁盛勇,孔琼,肖春,杨仕生,孙文,张建波,李正跃,2006.桔小实蝇成虫人工饲料的筛选.华中农业大学学报,25(4):37?40.]
Zhang N,Zhu JM,Lu Y,Adil S,Gin G,2017.Population dynamics and biological characteristics of Rhagoletis batava Hering in Burqin county.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,40(6):409?415.[张宁,朱建梅,陆燕,阿地力·沙塔尔,金格斯,2017.布尔津县沙棘绕实蝇的发生动态及习性研究.新疆农业大学学报,40(6):409?415.]
Zhao B,Su Z,Li SS,Men J,Cheng TM,Wei JR,2017.Biological characteristics of Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa(Diptera:Tephritidae).Forest Research,30(4):576?581.[赵斌,苏智,李莎莎,门金,程态明,魏建荣,2017.沙棘绕实蝇的生物学习性.林业科学研究,30(4):576?581.]
Zhao B,Li SS,Su Z,Cao DD,Wei JR,2018.Rearing of Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa adults.Plant Protection,44(4):114?118,124.[赵斌,李莎莎,苏智,曹丹丹,魏建荣,2018.沙棘绕实蝇成虫饲养研究.植物保护,44(4):114?118,124.]
Zhu JM,Zhang N,Adil S,Lu Y,Wulabak,Gin G,2018.Preferences of Rhagoletis batava to yellow sticky traps with different wavelengths.The Forest Diseases and Pests in China,3(3):13?16.[朱建梅,张宁,阿地力·沙塔尔,陆燕,吾拉别克,金格斯,2018.不同波长的黄板对沙棘绕实蝇引诱效果研究.中国森林病虫,3(3):13?16.]
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