基于重金属有效态的农田土壤重金属污染评价研究
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摘要
目前农田土壤重金属污染评价以重金属全量为依据,而评价农田土壤重金属污染影响时主要考虑农产品安全从而保障人体健康,农作物对重金属的吸收积累量则取决于土壤中有效态重金属含量。在阐述土壤重金属有效态定义的基础上,综合分析了土壤重金属有效态的影响因素及其与土壤中重金属全量和农作物中重金属含量的相关性,概括了土壤重金属有效态在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用,以期提出建立以土壤重金属有效态含量为基础、结合土壤重金属全量及作物中吸收的重金属含量的土壤重金属污染评价体系。
At present,the evaluation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil is based on the total amount of heavy metals. While the safety of agricultural products is mainly considered for ensuring human health. The absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in crops depend on the content of bioavailable form of heavy metals in soil. Based on the definition,bioavailable form of heavy metal's influences and their correlation with the total amount of heavy metals in soil or in crops were summarized. In applying bioavailable form of heavy metal evaluation,a pollution assessment system was put forward based on the content of bioavailable form and the total amount of heavy metals in soil,and the absorption of heavy metals by the crops.
At present,the evaluation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil is based on the total amount of heavy metals. While the safety of agricultural products is mainly considered for ensuring human health. The absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in crops depend on the content of bioavailable form of heavy metals in soil. Based on the definition,bioavailable form of heavy metal's influences and their correlation with the total amount of heavy metals in soil or in crops were summarized. In applying bioavailable form of heavy metal evaluation,a pollution assessment system was put forward based on the content of bioavailable form and the total amount of heavy metals in soil,and the absorption of heavy metals by the crops.
引文
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[2]王莹,赵全利,胡莹,等.上虞某铅锌矿区周边土壤植物重金属含量及其污染评价[J].环境化学,2011,30(7):1354-1360.
[3]纪薇薇,张秀双,魏晓敏,等.降低土壤-水稻系统重金属污染的若干思考[J].北方水稻,2012,42(1):78-80.
[4]张敬中.我国每年因重金属污染粮食达1 200万吨[J].农村实用技术,2006(8):27.
[5] RUBY M V,SCHOOF R,BRATTIN W,et al. Advances in evaluating the oral bioavailability of inorganics in soil for use in human health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science Technology,1999,33(21):3697-3705.
[6]国家环境保护总局. HJ/T 166—2004土壤环境监测技术规范[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004:8-11.
[7] TESSIER A. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate,trace metals[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[8] RAURET G,LPEZ-SNCHEZ J F,SAHUQUILLO A,et al. Improvement of the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999(1):57-61.
[9]韩春梅,王林山,巩宗强,等.土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1499-1502.
[10] CHOJNACKA K,CHOJNACKI A,GORECKA H,et al. Bioavailability of heavy metals from polluted soils to plants[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2006,337(1-3):175-182.
[11]李亮亮,张大庚,李天来,等.土壤有效态重金属提取剂选择的研究[J].土壤,2008,40(5):819-823.
[12]张羽.土壤中重金属钒生物有效性的分析方法研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2014.
[13]施卫明.土壤中铁的根际效应及其吸收机理[J].植物生理学通讯,1990(2):1-7.
[14] CHEN H M,ZHANG C R,TU C,et al. Chemical methods and phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals[J].Chemosphere,2000,41(1):229-234.
[15]廖敏,黄昌勇,谢正苗. pH对镉在土水系统中的迁移和形态的影响[J].环境科学学报,1999,19(1):81-86.
[16]李雨清,何江,吕昌伟,等.富里酸对重金属在沉积物上吸附及形态分布的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1008-1015.
[17] STUMM W. Chemistry of the solid-water interface[M]. New York:Wiley,1992.
[18]施晓东,常学秀.重金属污染土壤的微生物响应[J].生态环境,2003,12(4):498-499.
[19] QIAN J,SHAN X Q,WANG Z J,et al. Distribution and plant availability of heavy metals in different particle-size fractions of soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment,1996,187(2):131-141.
[20] RODRIGUEZ-RUBIO P,MORILLO E,MADRID L,et al. Retention of copper by a calcareous soil and its textural fractions:influence of amendment with two agroindustrial residues[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,2010,54(2):401-409.
[21] LI Q,JI H B,QIN F,et al. Sources and the distribution of heavy metals in the particle size of soil polluted by gold mining upstream of Miyun Reservoir,Beijing:implications for assessing the potential risks[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,186(10):6605-6626.
[22]吴新民,潘根兴.影响城市土壤重金属污染因子的关联度分析[J].土壤学报,2003,40(6):921-929.
[23]陈浩,吉力力·阿不都外力,刘文,等.博尔塔拉河沿岸土壤重金属含量特征与有机质、pH值的关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):210-213.
[24]陈飞霞,魏世强.土壤中有效态重金属的化学试剂提取法研究进展[J].干旱环境监测,2006,20(3):153-157.
[25] LIU Y G,WANG X H,ZENG G M,et al. Redistribution of Pb,Zn and Cu fractions in tailing soils treated with different extractants[J]. Pedosphere,2006,16(3):312-318.
[26]贺静,林玉锁,刘鹏,等.不同提取剂提取酸性土壤有效态Cd和Cu的方法研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2009,21(5):25-29.
[27] YANG J,TENG Y G,ZUO R,et al. Comparison of bioavailable vanadium in alfalfa rhizosphere soil extracted by an improved BCR procedure and EDTA,HCl,Na NO3single extractions in a pot experiment with V-Cd treatments[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(12):8833-8842.
[28] SPEIR T W,SCHAIK A P V,PERCIVAL H J,et al. Heavy metals in soil,plants and groundwater following high-rate sewage sludge application to land[J]. Water Air and Soil Pollution,2003,150(1-4):319-358.
[29] LIU W,WANG S T,LIN P,et al. Response of CaCl2-extractable heavy metals,polychlorinated biphenyls,and microbial communities to biochar amendment in naturally contaminated soils[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16(2):476-485.
[30]杨洁,瞿攀,王金生,等.土壤中重金属的生物有效性分析方法及其影响因素综述[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(2):217-223.
[31]徐亚平,刘凤芝,蔡彦明,等.土壤中铅镉有效态提取剂的选择[J].农业环境与发展,2005,22(4):46-48.
[32]荆延德,何振立,杨肖娥.稻菜轮作制下土壤有效态汞提取剂和提取条件研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(4):185-189.
[33]侯明,王香桂.土壤有效态钒的浸提剂和浸提条件研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(5):1241-1245.
[34] GUPTA A K,SINHK S. Chemical fractionation and heavy metal accumulation in the plant of Sesaumum Indicum(L.)var. T55grown on soil amended with tannery sludge:selection of single extractants[J]. Chemosphere,2006,64(1):161-173.
[35] BAKIRCIOGLU D,KURTULUS Y B,IBAR H. Comparison of extraction procedures for assessing soil metal bioavailability of to wheat grains[J]. Clean-Soil Air Water,2011,39(8):728-734.
[36]王婷,王静,孙红文,等.天津农田土壤镉和汞污染及有效态提取剂筛选[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(1):119-124.
[37] SAHUQUILLO A,RIGOL A,RAURET G. Overview of the use of leaching/extraction tests for risk assessment of trace metals in contaminated soils and sediments[J]. Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2003,22(3):152-159.
[38]龙加洪,谭菊,吴银菊,等.土壤重金属含量测定不同消解方法比较研究[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(1):123-126.
[39]曲建伟.土壤中重金属的测定方法简述[J].南方农业,2015,9(15):50-51.
[40]陈桑琳,鲁文杰,杨鹏,等.表层土壤重金属含量测定方法综述[J].科技创新导报,2014,11(9):220.
[41]梁榕源.土壤重金属测定方法比较[J].福建分析测试,2018,27(1):55-57.
[42]刘翠棉.利用HM1000型便携式重金属测定仪应急监测水中的重金属研究[J].价值工程,2018,49(4):119-120.
[43]崔邢涛,王学求,栾文楼.河北中南部平原土壤重金属元素存在形态及生物有效性分析[J].中国地质,2015,42(2):655-663.
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