北江飞来峡库区流域非点源污染现状评价
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摘要
为深入了解北江飞来峡库区流域非点源污染现状,采用等标污染负荷法和聚类分析法对库区流域非点源污染进行了分析。结果表明:飞来峡库区流域57.79%的污染来源于生活污水,38.13%来源于畜禽养殖,应针对这两类污染源中的COD、TN、TP等污染物进行重点防治;库区10个镇区中,位于流域中上游的石灰铺镇和大站镇污染负荷占比分别为19.24%和18.80%,应着重关注这两个镇区的非点源污染情况;10个镇区可聚类为4类,位于流域中上游的石灰铺镇和大站镇属特重污染区,区域单位面积等标污染负荷平均值为218.21 mm/a;位于流域上游的望埠镇和英红区属较重度污染区,单位面积等标污染负荷平均值为163.80 mm/a;另两类区域污染程度则相对较低;需对两类位于流域中上游的高污染镇区的生活污水及畜禽养殖污染进行重点防控。
To better understand the non-point source pollution status of Feilaixia Reservoir Area(FRA),equal standard pollution load method and cluster analysis method were applied to analyze the non-point source pollution of FRA.The results show that 57.79% of the pollution in the FRA comes from domestic sewage and 38.13% comes from livestock and poultry breeding,which tells that we should focus on the prevention and control of COD,TN,TP and other pollutants in these two types of pollution sources.Among the 10 townships in the reservoir area,the ratios of pollution loads in Shihuipu and Dazhan were 19.24% and 18.80% respectively.Therefore,attention should be paid to the non-point source pollution in these two townships.The 10 townships can be clustered into 4 categories:Shihuipu and Dazhan located in the middle and upper reaches of the river basin are extremely polluted areas with an average unit area pollution load of 218.21 mm/a,while Wangbu and Yinghong located in the upper reaches of the river basin were heavily polluted areas with an average unit area load of 163.80 mm/a.The other two types of areas have relatively low pollution levels.It is necessary to focus on the prevention and control of domestic sewage and livestock and poultry breeding pollution in two types of high pollution townships located in the middle and upper reaches of the river basin.
To better understand the non-point source pollution status of Feilaixia Reservoir Area(FRA),equal standard pollution load method and cluster analysis method were applied to analyze the non-point source pollution of FRA.The results show that 57.79% of the pollution in the FRA comes from domestic sewage and 38.13% comes from livestock and poultry breeding,which tells that we should focus on the prevention and control of COD,TN,TP and other pollutants in these two types of pollution sources.Among the 10 townships in the reservoir area,the ratios of pollution loads in Shihuipu and Dazhan were 19.24% and 18.80% respectively.Therefore,attention should be paid to the non-point source pollution in these two townships.The 10 townships can be clustered into 4 categories:Shihuipu and Dazhan located in the middle and upper reaches of the river basin are extremely polluted areas with an average unit area pollution load of 218.21 mm/a,while Wangbu and Yinghong located in the upper reaches of the river basin were heavily polluted areas with an average unit area load of 163.80 mm/a.The other two types of areas have relatively low pollution levels.It is necessary to focus on the prevention and control of domestic sewage and livestock and poultry breeding pollution in two types of high pollution townships located in the middle and upper reaches of the river basin.
引文
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[2]余红,沈珍瑶.非点源污染不确定性研究进展[J].水资源保护,2008,24(1):1-5.(YU Hong,SHEN Zhenyao.Uncertainty of non-point source pollution[J].Water Resources Protection,2008,24(1):1-5.(in Chinese))
[3]职锦,郭太龙,廖义善,等.非点源污染对人类健康影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(6):1459-1464.(ZHI Jin,GUO Tailong,LIAO Yishan,et al.The effect of non-point pollution on human health:a review[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(6):1459-1464.(in Chinese))
[4]赵海萍,陈旺,李清雪,等.漳河上游水质时空分异特征及污染源识别[J].水资源保护,2017,33(4):47-54.(ZHAO Haiping,CHEN Wang,LI Qingxue,et al.Spatiotemporal variation of water quality and pollutant source identification in upper reaches of Zhanghe River[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(4):47-54.(in Chinese))
[5]梁倩,何新生,李海华,等.河南省鹤壁市淇河流域(淇县段)农业非点源污染状况调查及评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(10):176-181.(LIANG Qian,HEXinsheng,LI Haihua,et al.Investigation and evaluation of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in Qi County section of Qi River[J].Environmental Science and Management,2016,41(10):176-181.(in Chinese))
[6]陆珊,代俊峰,周作旺.基于等标污染负荷法的生活和农业污染源分析[J].节水灌溉,2015(2):45-46.(LUShan,DAI Junfeng,ZHOU Zuowang.Analysis of domestic and agricultural pollutant sources based on equal standard pollution load method[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2015(2):45-46.(in Chinese))
[7]闫维凤,严勇,吕本祥,等.河北省秦皇岛市农业非点源污染现状调查与评价[J].人民珠江,2016,37(3):81-84.(YAN Weifeng,YAN Yong,LYU Benxiang,et al.Survey and evaluation of agricultural non-point pollution in Qinhuangdao City,Hebei Province[J].Pearl River,2016,37(3):81-84.(in Chinese))
[8]LI R,WU Z,LI L,et al.Pollution load and ecological replenishment plan of Lijiang River China[J].Environmental Engineering&Management Journal,2017,16(11):2589-2598.
[9]崔巍,白音包力皋,陈文学,等.中小河流非点源污染治理负荷估算及分区分类研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2013,11(1):14-19.(CUI Wei,Baiyinbaoligao,CHEN Wenxue,et al.Study on estimation,regionalization and classification of nonpoint source pollution for small and midsize river basins management[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2013,11(1):14-19.(in Chinese))
[10]李璇,董利民.洱海流域农业非点源污染负荷分析及防治对策[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(17):3535-3539.(LI Xuan,DONG Limin.Study on the agricultural nonpoint source pollution load and control measures of Erhai Lake Basin[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(17):3535-3539.(in Chinese))
[11]LU S Y,PING Z,PAN C R,et al.Agricultural non-point source pollution discharge characteristic and its control measures of Dongtinghu Lake[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(6):2278-2286.
[12]张双圣,刘喜坤,强静,等.徐州市云龙湖水质评价及污染原因分析[J].水资源保护,2017,33(3):52-58.(ZHANG Shuangsheng,LIU Xikun,QIANG Jing,et al.Assessment of water quality and analysis of causes of pollution in Yunlong Lake in Xuzhou City[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(3):52-58.(in Chinese))
[13]吕川,陈明辉,马继力,等.基于模糊聚类分析的吉林省农业非点源污染负荷现状评价[J].现代农业科技,2011(5):263-265.(LYU Chuan,CHEN Minghui,MAJili,et al.Evaluation of agricultural nonpoint-source pollution loadings in Jilin Province based on fuzzy cluster analysis[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2011(5):263-265.(in Chinese))
[14]范丽丽,邱利,田威,等.基于马尔科夫模型的太湖水质综合评价[J].水资源保护,2015,31(2):50-54.(FANLili,QIU Li,TIAN Wei,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of water quality in Taihu Lake based on Markov model[J].Water Resources Protection,2015,31(2):50-54.(in Chinese))
[15]张汪寿,耿润哲,王晓燕,等.基于多准则分析的非点源污染评价和分区:以北京怀柔区北宅小流域为例[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(1):258-266.(ZHANGWangshou,GEN Runzhe,WANG Xiaoyan,et al.Assessment and zoning of non-point source pollution by multi-criteria analysis:a case study in the watershed of Beizhai[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(1):258-266.(in Chinese))
[16]涂刚琴,刘鸿雁,赵志鹏,等.黔中平寨水库保护区非点源污染风险评价与敏感区域识别[J].水资源保护,2015,31(4):87-93.(TU Gangqin,LIU Hongyan,ZHAOZhipeng,et al.Risk assessment of non-point source pollution and sensitive region recognition to Pingzhai Reservoir protection areas in central Guizhou[J].Water Resources Protection,2015,31(4):87-93.(in Chinese))
[17]LI Z,YANG T,HUANG C S,et al.An improved approach for water quality evaluation:TOPSIS-based informative weighting and ranking(TIWR)approach[J].Ecological Indicators,2018,89:356-364.
[18]林文婧,杨慧.飞来峡水利枢纽库区污染源现状调查及评价[J].吉林水利,2011(6):10-15.(LIN Wenjing,YANG Hui.The investigation and evaluation for the sources of pollution in Feilaixia Reservoir[J].Jilin Water Resources,2011(6):10-15.(in Chinese))