中-基性火山岩孔缝储集体形成控制因素——以准噶尔盆地金龙区块石炭系为例
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摘要
以金龙区块石炭系中基性火山岩为例,综合岩心、薄片、测井、地震及分析化验资料,分析火山岩储集空间特征及形成过程:(1)火山喷发间隙期,火山旋回上部斜长石等矿物向方沸石、绿泥石蚀变,形成不稳定层;(2)石炭纪晚期构造运动造成断裂-裂缝发育及不整合面的形成,大气水沿着断裂-裂缝及旋回顶部不稳定层发生纵向及横向溶蚀,形成孔缝储集体雏形;(3)侏罗纪末期构造挤压再次形成断裂-裂缝,孔缝储集体被分割,储集空间基本定型。在断裂裂缝、古地貌及火山旋回界面控制下,孔缝储集体纵向上表现出分带性,横向上表现为古地貌高地储层厚、古斜坡储层薄的透镜状特征,整体表现出由裂缝、溶蚀孔及溶蚀缝构成的"多层楼式"复杂储集体。形成的孔缝型火山岩储层地质模型对火山岩储层预测及油气勘探提供有价值的参考。
This paper analyzed the characteristics of volcanic reservoir space and its formation process in the case of intermediate-basic volcanic rock in the Carboniferous Jinlong Block,by integrating the core,thin section,logging,seismic and analytical data. The results show that:( 1) feldspar and other minerals in the upper volcanic cycle altered to zeolite and chlorite and formed an unstable layer during the volcano eruption quiescent intervals;( 2) tectonic movement at the Late Carboniferous developed fault-fracture and unconformity,and then meteoric freshwater could cause vertical and transverse dissolution along the fault-fracture and the unstable layer at the top of the cycle;( 3) new fault-fracture formed through the tectonic activity of the La te Jurassic period,and the pore-fracture reservoir was compartmentalized and the accumulation space was basically finalized. Under the control of fault-fracture,palaeo-geomorphology and contact surfaces of the volcanic cycles,the reservoirs are characterized by zonation in the vertical direction and by lenticular geometry with greater thickness in the paleo high and losser thickness down the paleo-slope. As a whole,the reservoir is a complex"multi-zone overlapping"reservoir,composed of fractures,dissolved pores,and dissolved fractures. The geological model of pore-fracture volcanic reservoir is of great value for volcanic reservoir prediction and oil/gas exploration.
This paper analyzed the characteristics of volcanic reservoir space and its formation process in the case of intermediate-basic volcanic rock in the Carboniferous Jinlong Block,by integrating the core,thin section,logging,seismic and analytical data. The results show that:( 1) feldspar and other minerals in the upper volcanic cycle altered to zeolite and chlorite and formed an unstable layer during the volcano eruption quiescent intervals;( 2) tectonic movement at the Late Carboniferous developed fault-fracture and unconformity,and then meteoric freshwater could cause vertical and transverse dissolution along the fault-fracture and the unstable layer at the top of the cycle;( 3) new fault-fracture formed through the tectonic activity of the La te Jurassic period,and the pore-fracture reservoir was compartmentalized and the accumulation space was basically finalized. Under the control of fault-fracture,palaeo-geomorphology and contact surfaces of the volcanic cycles,the reservoirs are characterized by zonation in the vertical direction and by lenticular geometry with greater thickness in the paleo high and losser thickness down the paleo-slope. As a whole,the reservoir is a complex"multi-zone overlapping"reservoir,composed of fractures,dissolved pores,and dissolved fractures. The geological model of pore-fracture volcanic reservoir is of great value for volcanic reservoir prediction and oil/gas exploration.
引文
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[2]孟元林,胡越,李新宁,等.致密火山岩物性影响因素分析与储层质量预测-以马朗—条湖凹陷条湖组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):244-253.Meng Yuanlin,Hu Yue,Li Xinning,et al.Controlling factors on physical property of tight volcanic rocks and reservoir qualityprediction:a case study of the Tiaohu Formation in Marlang-Tiaohu Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):244-253.
[3]Sruoga P,Rubinstein N.Processes controlling porosity and permeability in volcanic reservoirs from the Austral and Neuquen basins.Argentina[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91:115-129.
[4]Feng Z.Volcanic rocks as prolific gas reservoir:a case study from the Qingshen gas field in the Songliao Basin,NE China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25:416-432.
[5]董国栋,张琴,朱筱敏,等.火山岩储层研究现状及存在问题-以准噶尔盆地克-夏地区下二叠统火山岩为例[J]石油与天然气地质,2012,33((4):511-520.Dong Guodong,Zhang Qin,Zhu Xiaomin,et al.Current status and problems of volcanic reservoir study:An example from the Lower Permian volcanic rocks in Ke-Xia area of Junggar Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(4):511-520.
[6]赵宁,石强.裂缝孔隙型火山岩储层特征及物性控制因素:以准噶尔盆地陆东五彩湾地区石炭系火山岩为例[J].天然气地球科学,2012,32(10):14-23.Zhao Ning,Shi Qiang.Characteristics of fractured and porous volcanic reservoirs and the major controlling factors of their physical properties:A case of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in Ludong-Wucaiwan,Junggar Basin[J].Narural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(1):82-87.
[7]王小军,赵飞,张琴,等.准噶尔盆地金龙油田佳木河组火山岩储层孔隙类型及特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(1):144-152.Wang Xiaojun,Zhao Fei,Zhag Qin,et al.Pore types and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs of the Jiamuhe Formation in Jinlong oilfield,Junggar Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(1):144-152.
[8]宋明永,赵乐强,吴春文,等.准噶尔盆地车排子地区石炭系顶部风化壳结构及其控藏作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(3):313-322.Song Mingyong,Zhao Yueqiang,Wu Chunwen,etal.Structure and reservoir-controlling of top Carboniferous weathering crust in Chepaiziarea,Junggar Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(3):313-322.
[9]侯连华,罗霞,王京红,等.火山岩风化壳及油气地质意义——以新疆北部石炭系火山岩风化壳为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(3):257-265.Hou Lianhua,Luo Xia,Wang Jinghong,et al.Weathered volcaniccrust and its petroleum geologic significance:A case study of the carboniferous volcanic crust in northern Xinjiang[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2013,40(3):257-265.
[10]朱世发,朱筱敏,吴冬,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘下二叠统油气储层中火山物质蚀变及控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):77-86.Zhu Shifa,Zhu Xiaomin,Wu Dong,et al.Alteration of volcanics and its controlling factors in the Lower Permian reservoirs at northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(1):77-86.
[11]孙玉善,刘新年,张艳秋,等.中国西部地区方沸石胶结相与碎屑岩次生优质储集层形成机制[J].古地理学报,2014,16(4):517-527.Sun Yushan,Liu Xinnian,Zhang Yanqiu,et al.Analcite cementation facies and forming mechanism of high-quality secondary clastic rock reservoirs in western China[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(4):517-527.
[12]刘万洙,黄玉龙,庞彦明,等.松辽盆地营城组中基性火山岩成岩作用:矿物晶出序列、杏仁体充填和储层效应[J].岩石学报,2010,26(1):158-164.Liu Wanzhu,Huang Yulong,Pang Yanming,et al.Diagenesis of intermediate and mafic volcanic rocks of Yingcheng Formation in the Songliao basin:Sequential crystallization,amygdule filling and reservoir effect[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2010,26(1):158-164.
[13]赵海玲,王成,刘振文,等.火山岩储层斜长石选择性溶蚀的岩石学特征和热力学条件[J].地质通报,2009,28(4):412-419.Zhao Hailing,Wang Cheng,Liu Zhenwen,et al.Characteristics of petrology and thermo dynamics of selective dissolution of plagioclase in volcanic reservoir rocks[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2009,28(4):412-419.
[14]雷天柱,石新璞,孔玉华,等.溶蚀在形成碱性火山岩优质储集层中的作用——以准噶尔盆地陆西地区石炭系火山岩为例[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):412-419.Lei Tianzhu,Shi Xinpu,Kong Yuhua,et al.Effect of dissolution onforming high-quality reservoir in alkaline volcanic rocks:An example from carboniferous volcanic rocks in Luxi area in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,2008,29(3):412-419.
[15]衣健,王璞珺,唐华风,等.火山地层界面的地质属性、地质内涵和储层意义——以中国东北地区中生代-新生代火山岩为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(3):324-337.Yi Jian,Wang Pujun,Tang Huafeng,et al.Geologicalproperty,geological connotation and reservoir significance of volcano stratigraphic boundary:A case study of the Mesozoic&Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Northeastern China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(3):324-337.
[16]范存辉,秦启荣,支东明,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐凸起石炭系火山岩储层裂缝发育特征及主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(1):82-87.Fan Cunhui,Qin Qirong,Zhi Dongming,et al.Controlling factors and characteristic of Carboniferous volcanic reservoir fractures of Zhongguai Uplift in northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin[J].Narural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(1):82-87.
[17]高树生,钱根宝,王彬,等.新疆火山岩双重介质气藏供排气机理数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):276-281.Gao Shusheng,Qian Genbao,Wang Bin,et al.Numerical simulation study of mechanism for gas supplying and draining involcanic gas reservoir in Xinjiang based on dual media model[J].Rock amd Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):276-281.
[18]王洛,李江海,师永民,等.准噶尔盆地滴西地区石炭系火山岩储集性能分布规律研究[J].岩石学报,2016,32(3):877-891.Wang Luo,Li Jianghai,Shi Yongmin,et al.Study on distribution patterns of reservoir property of carboniferous volcanic rocks in Dixi area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,32(3):877-891.
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