顺煤层定向长钻孔水力压裂煤层增透技术及试验研究
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摘要
为了提高顺煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采效果,在分析井下煤层水力压裂技术发展现状及其增透机理的基础上,结合定向长钻孔施工技术与煤层水力压裂增透强化抽采技术,提出了顺煤层定向长钻孔裸孔坐封、水力压裂增透技术工艺。鉴于赵固二矿二1煤层中等偏硬、厚度大、瓦斯含量高等特征,选择该矿井二1煤层进行长钻孔整体压裂试验。结果表明:采用煤层长钻孔孔内封隔器裸孔坐封方式能够满足赵固二矿水力压裂煤层段密封需要;注水压裂过程压力上升平稳,泵压和流量达到设计要求;工具串回收过程无塌孔和卡阻现象,顺层长钻孔孔内封隔器裸孔坐封和压裂工艺达到预期目标;整体水力压裂影响半径最大达到38 m(单侧),压裂钻孔百米钻孔瓦斯抽采量比常规顺层钻孔有了较大提升。
In order to improve the gas drainage effect along the coal seam,based on the analysis of the development status of underground hydraulic fracturing technology and the principle of hydraulic fracturing permeability enhancement,a coal seam permeability enhancement technology along the coal seam with the directional long-hole hydraulic fracturing was put forward by combining the directional long-hole drilling technology with the coal seam hydraulic fracturing permeability enhancement drainage technology. In view of the characteristics of moderate degree of hardness,thick coal seam and high gas content in Zhaogu No. 2 coal mine,the engineering test of long borehole overall fracturing of coal seam was carried out. The results showed that the seam sealing requirement of hydraulic fracturing coal seam in Zhaogu No. 2 coal mine could be satisfied by bare hole sealer; the pressure rose steadily in the process of water injection fracturing,and the pump pressure and flow met the design requirements; there was no hole collapse and blocking phenomena in the recovery process of tool string. Expected goals of the sealing and fracturing technology of borehole sealer along the seam could be achieved. The maximum influence radius of the whole hydraulic fracturing was 38 m (unilateral),and the gas drainage rate of the 100-meter borehole was much higher than that of the conventional bedding borehole.
In order to improve the gas drainage effect along the coal seam,based on the analysis of the development status of underground hydraulic fracturing technology and the principle of hydraulic fracturing permeability enhancement,a coal seam permeability enhancement technology along the coal seam with the directional long-hole hydraulic fracturing was put forward by combining the directional long-hole drilling technology with the coal seam hydraulic fracturing permeability enhancement drainage technology. In view of the characteristics of moderate degree of hardness,thick coal seam and high gas content in Zhaogu No. 2 coal mine,the engineering test of long borehole overall fracturing of coal seam was carried out. The results showed that the seam sealing requirement of hydraulic fracturing coal seam in Zhaogu No. 2 coal mine could be satisfied by bare hole sealer; the pressure rose steadily in the process of water injection fracturing,and the pump pressure and flow met the design requirements; there was no hole collapse and blocking phenomena in the recovery process of tool string. Expected goals of the sealing and fracturing technology of borehole sealer along the seam could be achieved. The maximum influence radius of the whole hydraulic fracturing was 38 m (unilateral),and the gas drainage rate of the 100-meter borehole was much higher than that of the conventional bedding borehole.
引文
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[15]张明杰,张大千,贾天让,等.焦作煤田瓦斯赋存规律及差异性原因分析[J].中国煤炭地质,2016,28(1):13-17.ZHANG M J,ZHANG D Q,JIA T R,et al.Gas hosting pattern and discrepancy analysis in Jiaozuo coalfield[J].Coal Geology of China,2016,28(1):13-17.
[16]韩颖,张飞燕,郭健卿,等.赵固二矿瓦斯赋存特征及突出危险性[J].煤矿安全,2009(4):67-70.HAN Y,ZHANG F Y,GUO J Q,et al.Gas occurrence characteristics and outburst danger in Zhaogu No.2mine coal[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2009(4):67-70.
[2]王佟,张博,王庆伟,等.中国绿色煤炭资源概念和内涵及评价[J].煤田地质与勘探,2017,45(1):1-8.WANG T,ZHANG B,WANG Q W,et al.Green coal resources in China:Concept,characteristics and assessment[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2017,45(1):1-8.
[3]袁亮,林柏泉,杨威.我国煤矿水力化技术瓦斯治理研究进展及发展方向[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(1):45-49.YUAN L,LIN B Q,YANG W.Research progress and development direction of gas control with mine hydraulic technology in China coal mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(1):45-49.
[4]孙四清,郑凯歌.井下高压水射流切割煤层增透效果数值模拟[J].煤田地质与勘探,2017,45(2):45-49.SUN S Q,ZHENG K G.Numerical simulation study on permeability enhancement effect of high pressure water cutting coal seam[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2017,45(2):45-49.
[5]郝富昌,孙丽娟,左伟芹.考虑流变特性的水力冲孔孔径变化规律及防堵孔技术[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1434-1440.HAO F C,SUN L J,ZUO W Q.Hydraulic flushing aperture variation and anti-blocking technology considering rheological property[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1434-1440.
[6]龙威成,孙四清,郑凯歌,等.煤层高压水力割缝增透技术地质条件适用性探讨[J].中国煤炭地质,2017,29(3):37-40.LONG W C,SUN S Q,ZHENG K G,et al.Probe into geological condition adaptability in coal seam high pressure hydraulic slotting permeability enhancement[J].Coal Geology of China,2017,29(3):37-40.
[7]刘晓,马耕,苏现波,等.煤矿井下水力压裂增透抽采瓦斯存在问题分析及对策[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(3):303-308.LIU X,MA G,SU X B,et al.Problems analysis and countermeasures of hydraulic fracturing and gas drainage in coal mine[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic U-niversity(Natural Science),2016,35(3):303-308.
[8]吕有厂.水力压裂技术在高瓦斯低透气性矿井中的应用[J].重庆大学学报,2010,33(7):102-107.LYU Y C.Application the hydraulic fracturing technology in the high pressure and low permeability mine[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2010,33(7):102-107.
[9]王利,张新生,曹运兴,等.定向射孔水力压裂平面裂缝形态数值研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2018,37(2):124-132.WANG L,ZHANG X S,CAO Y X,et al.Numeric simulation of plane strain hydraulic fracturing under multioriented perforations[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2018,37(2):124-132.
[10]林柏泉,李子文,翟成,等.高压脉动水力压裂卸压增透技术及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(3):452-455.LIN B Q,LI Z W,ZHAI C,et al.Pressure relief and permeability-increasing technology based on high pressure pulsating hydraulic fracturing and its application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(3):452-455.
[11]郭红玉.基于水力压裂的煤矿井下瓦斯抽采理论与技术[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2011.GUO H Y.Gas drainage theory and technology in underground coal mine based on hydraulic fracturing[D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2011.
[12]富向.井下点式水力压裂增透技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(8):1317-1321.FU X.Study of underground point hydraulic fracturing increased permeability technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(8):1317-1321.
[13]杨宏伟.低透气性煤层井下分段点式水力压裂增透[J].北京科技大学学报,2012,34(11):1235-1239.YANG H W.Underground segmentation point hydraulic fracturing antireflection for low-permeability coal seams[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2012,34(11):1235-1239.
[14]孙四清,张群,闫志铭,等.碎软低渗高突煤层井下长钻孔整体水力压裂增透工程实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2337-2344.SUN S Q,ZHANG Q,YAN Z M,et al.Practice of permeability enhancement through overall hydraulic fracturing of long hole in outburst-prone soft crushed coal seam with low permeability[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2337-2344.
[15]张明杰,张大千,贾天让,等.焦作煤田瓦斯赋存规律及差异性原因分析[J].中国煤炭地质,2016,28(1):13-17.ZHANG M J,ZHANG D Q,JIA T R,et al.Gas hosting pattern and discrepancy analysis in Jiaozuo coalfield[J].Coal Geology of China,2016,28(1):13-17.
[16]韩颖,张飞燕,郭健卿,等.赵固二矿瓦斯赋存特征及突出危险性[J].煤矿安全,2009(4):67-70.HAN Y,ZHANG F Y,GUO J Q,et al.Gas occurrence characteristics and outburst danger in Zhaogu No.2mine coal[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2009(4):67-70.