库布齐沙漠HDPE网和植物纤维网沙障防沙试验效应
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摘要
在库布齐沙漠流动沙丘区建立HDPE网和植物纤维网工程沙障试验区,采用MetOne 014A/024A型8通道风速仪、8方位集沙仪、风蚀插钎,观测试验沙障影响下的风速、输沙量和地表侵蚀堆积,对比分析不同规格HDPE网、植物纤维网方格沙障和HDPE网前沿高立式阻沙沙障的防风固沙效应。结果表明:(1)一定孔隙度(50%)的方格沙障中心风速垂直变化幅度与变化规律,仅与沙障平面规格和高度(h)密切相关,与试验材料基本无关。相同平面规格的方格沙障,高度(h)大者降风效应显著;相同高度的方格沙障,小规格降风效应较为显著;(2)试验沙障及其防沙体系对风沙流输沙产生明显影响,相近地貌部位,5.0m×5.0m(h=100cm)植物纤维网方格中心输沙量远小于1.0m×1.0m(h=20cm)HDPE网方格和流动沙丘区,大规格高立式沙障固沙效应优于小规格低立式沙障;(3)试验沙障的地表侵蚀堆积状态仅与沙障规格有关,沙障材料的影响不明显。
We established an experimental area of new materials of HDPE net and plant fiber net sand barriers in the shifting sand dune area of the Hobq Desert.The MetOne 014 A/024 A8 channels anemometers,8 channels sand collectors and the steel drills were used to observe the vertical velocity distribution,amount of sediment transport,erosion and accumulation intensity near the surface under the influence of the new material sand barriers with different specifications.The fixing efficiency was comparatively analyzed among different specifications of the HDPE sand barriers,plant fiber sand barriers and the vertical sand blocking fences.The results show that:(1)The wind speed variation in the center of barriers with50%porosity is only closely related to the sand barrier plane specifications and the exposure hight(h)rather the test materials.Given the same plane specification,the higher the exposed height(h)is,the more obvious amplitude of velocity reduces;With the same exposed height(h)of the sand barriers,the sand barriers with the small size have a more significant effect of reducing wind.(2)The sand barrier and the sand control system have a significant effect on the wind-blown sand transport;the wind-blown sand transport in the center of the 5 m×5 m(h=100 cm)plant fiber net checkerboard sand barriers is far less than the 1 m×1 m(h=20 cm)HDPE checkerboard sand barriers at the shifting sand area.The sand fixing effect of the large size sand barriers is better than the small size sand barriers;(3)The erosion and deposition of the sand barriers'surface is only related to the specification and no correlation with the materials.
We established an experimental area of new materials of HDPE net and plant fiber net sand barriers in the shifting sand dune area of the Hobq Desert.The MetOne 014 A/024 A8 channels anemometers,8 channels sand collectors and the steel drills were used to observe the vertical velocity distribution,amount of sediment transport,erosion and accumulation intensity near the surface under the influence of the new material sand barriers with different specifications.The fixing efficiency was comparatively analyzed among different specifications of the HDPE sand barriers,plant fiber sand barriers and the vertical sand blocking fences.The results show that:(1)The wind speed variation in the center of barriers with50%porosity is only closely related to the sand barrier plane specifications and the exposure hight(h)rather the test materials.Given the same plane specification,the higher the exposed height(h)is,the more obvious amplitude of velocity reduces;With the same exposed height(h)of the sand barriers,the sand barriers with the small size have a more significant effect of reducing wind.(2)The sand barrier and the sand control system have a significant effect on the wind-blown sand transport;the wind-blown sand transport in the center of the 5 m×5 m(h=100 cm)plant fiber net checkerboard sand barriers is far less than the 1 m×1 m(h=20 cm)HDPE checkerboard sand barriers at the shifting sand area.The sand fixing effect of the large size sand barriers is better than the small size sand barriers;(3)The erosion and deposition of the sand barriers'surface is only related to the specification and no correlation with the materials.
引文
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[3]薛凤英,高春明.影响库布齐沙漠合作杨、沙柳造林成活率的因素分析[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(2):264-270.
[4]张翠霞,张秋良,常金宝.库布其沙漠几种植物的光合蒸腾及水分利用效率[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,31(4):81-84.
[5]贾丽娜,丁国栋,吴斌,等.几种不同材料类型带状沙障防风阻沙效益对比研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):41-44.
[6]屈建军,刘贤万,雷加强,等.尼龙网栅栏防沙效应的风洞模拟实验[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(3):276-280.
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[8]马全林,王继和,刘虎俊,等.机械沙障在退化人工梭梭林恢复中的应用[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(4):526-531.
[9]杨文斌,赵爱国,王晶莹,等.低覆盖度沙蒿群丛的水平配置结构与防风固沙效果研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(1):108-112.
[10]袁立敏.模块沙障的构建及其防护效益研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.
[11]李锦荣,蒙仲举,高永,等.低立式格状土工沙障固沙效果研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,30(1):81-86.
[12]吴雪琼.低覆盖度行带式固沙林的生长优势与界面效应研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[13]胡春元,杨存良.库布齐沙膜穿沙公路沙害综合防治技术[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,16(3):71-77.
[14]闫德仁,胡小龙,袁立敏,等.沙障对流动沙丘植被重建作用的研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2012(1):1-4.
[15]杨树林.沙柳集束沙障固沙技术探讨[J].内蒙古林业科技,2004(3):27-28.
[16]Jiang L N,Lu Q,Yang W B,et al.The promoting effect of vegetation recovery after the establishment of poplar fixing sand forest belts in the Horqin sandy land of Northeast China[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(3):2510-2515.
[17]杨俊平,闫德仁,刘永定,等.控制沙尘暴的植被快速建设技术途径研究——以库布齐沙漠东缘为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(4):193-198.
[18]安保,白永祥,田志.库布齐沙漠治理技术与树种选择的研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2003(增刊1):36-39.
[19]李锦荣,孙保平,高永,等.基于空气动力学的沙袋沙障气流场模拟[J].北京理工大学学报,2010,30(6):749-752.
[20]李振山.地形起伏对气流速度影响的风洞实验研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(4):75-79.
[21]哈斯,董光荣.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面气流与坡面形态的关系[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(1):1-5.
[22]赵彩霞,郑大玮,何文清.植被覆盖度的时间变化及其防风蚀效应[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(1):68-73.
[23]郭雨华,赵廷宁,丁国栋,等.灌木林盖度对风沙土风蚀作用的影响[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):245-247.
[24]毛东雷,雷加强,曾凡江,等.策勒不同下垫面风速廓线时空差异研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(11):171-177.
[25]张克存,俎瑞平,屈建军,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘输沙势与最大可能输沙量之比较[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):605-610.
[26]黄翠华,张伟民,李爱敏.莫高窟窟顶风况及输沙势研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):394-398.
[27]李广毅,周心澄,王忠林,等.毛乌素沙地生态经济型防护林体系结构研究(技术总报告)[J].水土保持研究,1995(2):2-35.
[28]Mctainsh G H,Lynch A W,Tews E K.Climatic controls upon dust storm occurrence in eastern Australia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1998,39(3):457-466.
[29]屈建军,井哲帆,张克存,等.HDPE蜂巢式固沙障研制与防沙效应实验研究[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):599-604.
[30]屈建军,喻文波,秦晓波.HDPE功能性固沙障防风效应试验[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(5):1185-1193.
[31]郭彩贇,韩致文,李爱敏,等.库布齐沙漠治理与开发模式的研究现状与展望[J].西北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(1):112-118.
[32]王睿,周立华,陈勇,等.库布齐沙漠机械防沙措施的防护效益[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):330-336.
[2]Underdown D R,Sanclemente J.Producing sand for sand control:a novel approach[C]//Proceedings of the SPE International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition of Mexico,2002:437-444.
[3]薛凤英,高春明.影响库布齐沙漠合作杨、沙柳造林成活率的因素分析[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(2):264-270.
[4]张翠霞,张秋良,常金宝.库布其沙漠几种植物的光合蒸腾及水分利用效率[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,31(4):81-84.
[5]贾丽娜,丁国栋,吴斌,等.几种不同材料类型带状沙障防风阻沙效益对比研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):41-44.
[6]屈建军,刘贤万,雷加强,等.尼龙网栅栏防沙效应的风洞模拟实验[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(3):276-280.
[7]马全林,王继和,詹科杰,等.塑料方格沙障的固沙原理及其推广应用前景[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1):36-39.
[8]马全林,王继和,刘虎俊,等.机械沙障在退化人工梭梭林恢复中的应用[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(4):526-531.
[9]杨文斌,赵爱国,王晶莹,等.低覆盖度沙蒿群丛的水平配置结构与防风固沙效果研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(1):108-112.
[10]袁立敏.模块沙障的构建及其防护效益研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.
[11]李锦荣,蒙仲举,高永,等.低立式格状土工沙障固沙效果研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,30(1):81-86.
[12]吴雪琼.低覆盖度行带式固沙林的生长优势与界面效应研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[13]胡春元,杨存良.库布齐沙膜穿沙公路沙害综合防治技术[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,16(3):71-77.
[14]闫德仁,胡小龙,袁立敏,等.沙障对流动沙丘植被重建作用的研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2012(1):1-4.
[15]杨树林.沙柳集束沙障固沙技术探讨[J].内蒙古林业科技,2004(3):27-28.
[16]Jiang L N,Lu Q,Yang W B,et al.The promoting effect of vegetation recovery after the establishment of poplar fixing sand forest belts in the Horqin sandy land of Northeast China[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(3):2510-2515.
[17]杨俊平,闫德仁,刘永定,等.控制沙尘暴的植被快速建设技术途径研究——以库布齐沙漠东缘为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(4):193-198.
[18]安保,白永祥,田志.库布齐沙漠治理技术与树种选择的研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2003(增刊1):36-39.
[19]李锦荣,孙保平,高永,等.基于空气动力学的沙袋沙障气流场模拟[J].北京理工大学学报,2010,30(6):749-752.
[20]李振山.地形起伏对气流速度影响的风洞实验研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(4):75-79.
[21]哈斯,董光荣.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面气流与坡面形态的关系[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(1):1-5.
[22]赵彩霞,郑大玮,何文清.植被覆盖度的时间变化及其防风蚀效应[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(1):68-73.
[23]郭雨华,赵廷宁,丁国栋,等.灌木林盖度对风沙土风蚀作用的影响[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):245-247.
[24]毛东雷,雷加强,曾凡江,等.策勒不同下垫面风速廓线时空差异研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(11):171-177.
[25]张克存,俎瑞平,屈建军,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘输沙势与最大可能输沙量之比较[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):605-610.
[26]黄翠华,张伟民,李爱敏.莫高窟窟顶风况及输沙势研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):394-398.
[27]李广毅,周心澄,王忠林,等.毛乌素沙地生态经济型防护林体系结构研究(技术总报告)[J].水土保持研究,1995(2):2-35.
[28]Mctainsh G H,Lynch A W,Tews E K.Climatic controls upon dust storm occurrence in eastern Australia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1998,39(3):457-466.
[29]屈建军,井哲帆,张克存,等.HDPE蜂巢式固沙障研制与防沙效应实验研究[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):599-604.
[30]屈建军,喻文波,秦晓波.HDPE功能性固沙障防风效应试验[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(5):1185-1193.
[31]郭彩贇,韩致文,李爱敏,等.库布齐沙漠治理与开发模式的研究现状与展望[J].西北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(1):112-118.
[32]王睿,周立华,陈勇,等.库布齐沙漠机械防沙措施的防护效益[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):330-336.