海南省高尔夫球场草坪真菌病害调查及防治
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摘要
为了有效提升海南省高尔夫球场草坪的养护管理水平,对海南省具有气候代表性的高尔夫球场草坪进行真菌病害调查,并测定6种杀菌剂对不同病原菌的室内毒力及防控效果。结果表明,目前海南省高尔夫球场种植草坪草主要为海滨雀稗和杂交狗牙根,主要的真菌病害有11种,分别为币斑病、镰刀菌枯萎病、全蚀病、仙环病、条锈病、炭疽病、褐斑病、黑痣病、粉斑病、红丝病、黑孢霉枯萎病。甲基托布津和五氯硝基苯对镰刀菌枯萎病病原菌的抑制作用最强,EC_(50)分别为0.02μg/mL和0.08μg/mL;代森锰锌对仙环病病原菌的抑制作用最强,EC_(50)为0.10μg/mL;福美双对炭疽病病原菌的抑制作用最强,EC_(50)为0.37μg/mL;多菌灵对红丝病病原菌的抑制作用最强,EC_(50)为0.93μg/mL;粉锈宁对粉斑病病原菌的抑制作用最强,EC_(50)为0.06μg/mL。甲基托布津对草坪病害的防治效果最好,达66.0%;五氯硝基苯和代森锰锌也有一定的防治效果,分别为57.6%和52.2%。在球场草坪养护过程中,可将这几种药物交替使用或混合使用。
In order to effectively improve the maintenance and management level of golf course lawn in Hainan province,this study investigated the fungal disease of the climate representative golf course lawn in Hainan province,and determined the indoor toxicity and control effect of six fungicides. At present,Paspalum vaginatium Sw and Cynodon dactylon( Linn.) were mainly planted in Hainan golf course lawn,and there were 11 main fungal diseases on golf course lawn,namely coil spot,fusarium wilt,take-all,fairy ring disease,stripe rust,anthrax,brown spot,nevus disease,pink patch,red thread,Nigrospora wilt. Methyl thiophanate and pentachlorobenzene had the highest inhibitory effect on the pathogen of fusarium wilt,and EC_(50) were 0. 02 μg/mL and 0. 08 μg/mL,respectively. The inhibitory effect of mancozeb on the pathogen of fairy ring disease was the highest,and EC_(50) was 0. 10 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect of thiram on the pathogen of anthracnose was the highest,and EC_(50) was 0. 37 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect of carbendazim on the pathogen of red thread disease was the highest,and EC_(50) was 0. 93 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect of triadimefon on the pathogen of pink spot disease was the highest,and EC_(50) was 0. 06 μg/mL. The control effect of methyl thiophanate on lawn disease was the best,up to 66. 0%,and the control effects of pentachlorobenzene and mancozeb were 57. 6% and 52. 2% respectively. During the maintenance of lawn,these drugs can be used alternately or mixedly.
In order to effectively improve the maintenance and management level of golf course lawn in Hainan province,this study investigated the fungal disease of the climate representative golf course lawn in Hainan province,and determined the indoor toxicity and control effect of six fungicides. At present,Paspalum vaginatium Sw and Cynodon dactylon( Linn.) were mainly planted in Hainan golf course lawn,and there were 11 main fungal diseases on golf course lawn,namely coil spot,fusarium wilt,take-all,fairy ring disease,stripe rust,anthrax,brown spot,nevus disease,pink patch,red thread,Nigrospora wilt. Methyl thiophanate and pentachlorobenzene had the highest inhibitory effect on the pathogen of fusarium wilt,and EC_(50) were 0. 02 μg/mL and 0. 08 μg/mL,respectively. The inhibitory effect of mancozeb on the pathogen of fairy ring disease was the highest,and EC_(50) was 0. 10 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect of thiram on the pathogen of anthracnose was the highest,and EC_(50) was 0. 37 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect of carbendazim on the pathogen of red thread disease was the highest,and EC_(50) was 0. 93 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect of triadimefon on the pathogen of pink spot disease was the highest,and EC_(50) was 0. 06 μg/mL. The control effect of methyl thiophanate on lawn disease was the best,up to 66. 0%,and the control effects of pentachlorobenzene and mancozeb were 57. 6% and 52. 2% respectively. During the maintenance of lawn,these drugs can be used alternately or mixedly.
引文
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[2]杨泽秀,宋希强,黄宗权.高尔夫球场果领的建植与管理[J].海南师范学院学报(自然科学版),2001,14(2):60-62.
[3]刘树华,康茹,周冬柏,等.运动草坪的养护与管理[J].天津农业科学,2009,15(4):70-72.
[4]郑凯,杨新根.山西省草坪建植和养护管理[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(11):98-100.
[5]梁丁.信阳地区冷季型草坪主要病害调查及防效研究[J].河南农业科学,2009(3):73-75.
[6]刘晓妹,蒲金基.海南草坪草病害调查初报[J].草业科学,2004,21(6):73-74.
[7]Zhang W,Nan Z B,Liu G D.First report of Laetisaria fuciformis causing red thred on seashore paspalum(Paspalum vaginatum)in south China[J].Plant Disease,2012,96(9):1374.
[8]Zhang W,Nan Z B,Liu G D.First report of Limonomyces roseipellis causing pink patch on bermudagrass in south China[J].Plant Disease,2013,97(4):561.
[9]方中达.植病研究方法[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[10]周倩,刘燕娟,谭鹏.长沙市草坪病害种类调查初报[J].现代农业科学,2009,16(11):95-97.
[11]魏景超.真菌鉴定手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1979.
[12]戴芳澜.中国真菌总汇[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[13]赵美琦,孙明,王慧敏,等.草坪病害[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[14]刘若.草原保护学(第3分册):牧草病理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[15]许天委,郝慧华,林春光,等.淡紫拟青霉对海南白木香根结线虫的寄生及防治效果[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(3):101-103.
[16]姚昕,涂勇.3种生物农药防治石榴褐斑病的田间药效试验[J].中国园艺文摘,2015,31(11):66-67.
[17]林江,白丽莎,王洪星,等.海南省高尔夫球场草坪草病害种类调查初报[J].农业科技通讯,2015(7):272-276.
[18]Zhang W,Hu M J,Liu G D,et al.Investigation and characterization of red thread and pink patch on warm-season turfgrasses in Hainan province,tropical China[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2015,141(2):311-325.
[19]Smiley R W,Dernoeden P H,Clarke B B.Compendium of turf grass diseases[M].St.Paul:American Phytopathological Society,2005.