优秀女子撑杆跳高运动员助跑和起跳技术的中外比较研究
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摘要
为进一步优化我国女子撑杆跳高运动员的技术动作和提高运动成绩,以第13届全运会预选赛、决赛和第15届北京世界田径锦标赛女子撑杆跳高项目决赛最高成绩成功跳次技术特点为研究对象,利用影像摄像法、二维扫描视频全景图合成解析等方法,通过视频解析获取国内外优秀女子撑杆跳高运动员专项技术参数,探讨和比较助跑后三步和起跳阶段的技术动作特征.结果:1)国外优秀女子撑杆跳运动员后三步步幅和步速率均大于国内运动员,更好的步长和步速控制避免了最后一步中水平速率的损失;2)助跑速率、着地角离地角之差和插穴时刻与起跳瞬间的握杆角和躯干角是影响我国优秀女子撑杆跳高运动成绩的关键因素;3)国内优秀女子撑杆跳高运动员在助跑和起跳技术上应注意增加助跑速率,缩短起跳时间和减小起跳瞬间的握杆角.
In order to further optimize Chinese female pole vaulting athletes' technical movements and improve sport performance,the technical feature in the successful jump of the best results of Women's Pole vault in the 13 th national games and the 15 th Beijing world athletics championships was chosen as the subjects.The method of Video photography and 2-D panorama video system was used to obtain special technical parameters of domestic and foreign elite women's pole vaulting athletes,then we analyze and compare the technical movement characteristics in the last three-step run-up and take-off stages from the perspective of special techniques.Results:1)Stride and step speed of the last three steps of the foreign female Pole Vaulting athletes are greater than Chinese athletes,and it is better than domestic athletes in reducing the length of last stride,Better stride length and step speed control avoids the loss of horizontal speed in the last step.2)Run-up speed,the deviation of touchdown angle and extension angle,grip angle and trunk angle in hole moment and take-off moment are the key factors that affect the achievement of Chinese female elite pole vaulting;3)The Chinese elite women pole vaulting athletes should pay attention to increasing run-up speed,shortening take-off time and reducing the grip angle at the moment of take-off in the stage of running and take-off.
In order to further optimize Chinese female pole vaulting athletes' technical movements and improve sport performance,the technical feature in the successful jump of the best results of Women's Pole vault in the 13 th national games and the 15 th Beijing world athletics championships was chosen as the subjects.The method of Video photography and 2-D panorama video system was used to obtain special technical parameters of domestic and foreign elite women's pole vaulting athletes,then we analyze and compare the technical movement characteristics in the last three-step run-up and take-off stages from the perspective of special techniques.Results:1)Stride and step speed of the last three steps of the foreign female Pole Vaulting athletes are greater than Chinese athletes,and it is better than domestic athletes in reducing the length of last stride,Better stride length and step speed control avoids the loss of horizontal speed in the last step.2)Run-up speed,the deviation of touchdown angle and extension angle,grip angle and trunk angle in hole moment and take-off moment are the key factors that affect the achievement of Chinese female elite pole vaulting;3)The Chinese elite women pole vaulting athletes should pay attention to increasing run-up speed,shortening take-off time and reducing the grip angle at the moment of take-off in the stage of running and take-off.
引文
[1]周浩祥.第31届奥运会我国男子撑竿跳高运动员助跑起跳技术研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2018,34(4):113-118.
[2]谢慧松,周铁民,郭新华,等.优秀女子撑竿跳高选手李玲助跑与起跳技术的运动学分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(3):122-125.
[3]Cassirame J,Sanchez H.Mechanical performance determinants in women’s vs men’s pole-vault[J].Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering,2017,20(1):37-38.
[4]Gudelj I,Zagorac N,Babic'V.Influence of kinematic parameters on pole vault results in top juniors[J].Collegium Antropologicum,2013,37(2):25-30.
[5]Ohshima S,Nashida Y,Ohtsuki A.Optimization of pole characteristic in pole vaulting using three-dimensional vaulter model[J].Procedia Engineering,2010,2(2):3191-3196.
[6]王国杰,苑廷刚,李爱东,等.第21届亚洲田径锦标赛女子撑竿跳高优秀运动员运动技术的研究[J].中国体育科技,2015,51(6):55-61.
[7]许占鸣,吴向明.“人-竿”协同视角下世界优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员技术特征—以2015年世界田径锦标赛为例[J].成都体育学院学报,2017,43(3):77-83.
[8]周铁民.对我国部分国际健将级与健将级女子撑竿跳高运动员最后两步助跑及起跳有关技术指标的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2000.
[9]闫松华,刘学贞.对我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员插穴起跳技术动作的生物力学分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,27(5):633-635.
[10]李晓锋.杨雁盛.撑杆跳助跑起跳技术的运动学分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2011,37(6):55-58.
[11]李欣鑫,李建英.李玲破女子撑杆跳高亚洲纪录时最后三步助跑至插穴起跳的运动学分析[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(5):19-21.
[12]曹电康,李英.第11届世青赛女子撑竿跳高运动员起跳至推离撑竿技术的运动学分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2009,35(6):50-54.
[13]杨东明.中国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员悬垂至推竿阶段技术节奏分析[D].西安:西安体育学院,2011.
[14]陈庆杰,吕季东.我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员悬垂摆体技术的运动学特征[J].成都体育学院学报,2007,33(1):66-69.
[2]谢慧松,周铁民,郭新华,等.优秀女子撑竿跳高选手李玲助跑与起跳技术的运动学分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(3):122-125.
[3]Cassirame J,Sanchez H.Mechanical performance determinants in women’s vs men’s pole-vault[J].Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering,2017,20(1):37-38.
[4]Gudelj I,Zagorac N,Babic'V.Influence of kinematic parameters on pole vault results in top juniors[J].Collegium Antropologicum,2013,37(2):25-30.
[5]Ohshima S,Nashida Y,Ohtsuki A.Optimization of pole characteristic in pole vaulting using three-dimensional vaulter model[J].Procedia Engineering,2010,2(2):3191-3196.
[6]王国杰,苑廷刚,李爱东,等.第21届亚洲田径锦标赛女子撑竿跳高优秀运动员运动技术的研究[J].中国体育科技,2015,51(6):55-61.
[7]许占鸣,吴向明.“人-竿”协同视角下世界优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员技术特征—以2015年世界田径锦标赛为例[J].成都体育学院学报,2017,43(3):77-83.
[8]周铁民.对我国部分国际健将级与健将级女子撑竿跳高运动员最后两步助跑及起跳有关技术指标的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2000.
[9]闫松华,刘学贞.对我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员插穴起跳技术动作的生物力学分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,27(5):633-635.
[10]李晓锋.杨雁盛.撑杆跳助跑起跳技术的运动学分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2011,37(6):55-58.
[11]李欣鑫,李建英.李玲破女子撑杆跳高亚洲纪录时最后三步助跑至插穴起跳的运动学分析[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(5):19-21.
[12]曹电康,李英.第11届世青赛女子撑竿跳高运动员起跳至推离撑竿技术的运动学分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2009,35(6):50-54.
[13]杨东明.中国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员悬垂至推竿阶段技术节奏分析[D].西安:西安体育学院,2011.
[14]陈庆杰,吕季东.我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员悬垂摆体技术的运动学特征[J].成都体育学院学报,2007,33(1):66-69.
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