死淘鸡堆肥和深埋处理过程微生物多样性分析及效果比较
|
摘要
试验研究了堆肥和深埋法对死淘鸡的处理效果,以及不同处理方法对微生物多样性和有害菌变化的影响。结果显示:堆肥的日平均温度均高于深埋,腐熟阶段前期堆肥的OTU数目平均值均低于深埋组,夏季各试验组均导致分类门组成的显著变化,主要表现为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)大量增加,相对丰度为90%以上,说明高温能有效抑制大量嗜温菌生长,并杀死堆体中的病原菌,满足无害化处理卫生学标准;腐熟阶段后期,各组的OTU数目、Tags数量和菌群丰度均逐渐提高,其中堆肥组中细菌菌群较为活跃;试验结束时,堆肥组与深埋组死淘鸡分解率相比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结果提示,堆肥组的死淘鸡分解情况明显优于深埋组。
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of composting and deep burying on dead-cleaning chickens, and the effects of different treatments on microbial diversity and changes of harmful bacteria. The results showed that the average daily temperature of compost was higher than that of deep-buried compost, and the average number of OTU in early stage of composting was lower than that of deep-buried compost. In summer, the composition of taxonomic phylum changed significantly in all experimental groups. The main manifestation was that the number of Firmicutes increased greatly, and the relative abundance was more than 90%. This indicated that high temperature could effectively suppress the growth of Firmicutes. At the end of the experiment, the decomposition rate of the compost group was lower than that of the deep-buried group. The difference was significant(P<0.05). It′s suggested that the decomposition of dead-washed chickens in composting group was significantly better than that in deep-buried group.
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of composting and deep burying on dead-cleaning chickens, and the effects of different treatments on microbial diversity and changes of harmful bacteria. The results showed that the average daily temperature of compost was higher than that of deep-buried compost, and the average number of OTU in early stage of composting was lower than that of deep-buried compost. In summer, the composition of taxonomic phylum changed significantly in all experimental groups. The main manifestation was that the number of Firmicutes increased greatly, and the relative abundance was more than 90%. This indicated that high temperature could effectively suppress the growth of Firmicutes. At the end of the experiment, the decomposition rate of the compost group was lower than that of the deep-buried group. The difference was significant(P<0.05). It′s suggested that the decomposition of dead-washed chickens in composting group was significantly better than that in deep-buried group.
引文
[1]续彦龙,王丽丽,龚改林,等.堆肥法无害化处理染疫动物尸体的研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(4):138-141.
[2]王兴平.病死动物尸体处理的技术与政策探讨[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2011,41(6):26-29.
[3]杨军香.病死畜禽尸体无害化处理现状与资源化利用展望[J].饲料工业,2016,37(13):1-5.
[4]CAPORASO J G,KUCZYNSKI J,et al.QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data[J].Nature Methods,2010,7(5):335-336.
[5]EDGAR R C.Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST[J].Bioinformatics,2010,26(19):2460-2461.
[6]GRICE E A,KONG H H,et al.Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome[J].Science,2009,324(5931):1190-1192.
[7]WANG Y,SHENG H F,HE Y,et al.Comparison of the levels of bacterial diversity in freshwater,intertidal wetland,and marine sediments by using millions of illumina tags[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2012,78(23):8264-8271.
[8]XIONG W,WANG Y,SUN Y,et al.Antibiotic-mediated changes in the fecal microbiome of broiler chickens define the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes[J].Microbiome,2018,6(1):34.
[9]黄萍.温度对微生物生长的影响[J].明胶科学与技术,2011,31(1):29.
[10]谷洁.酶活性及微生物在农业废弃物静态高温堆腐过程变化的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[2]王兴平.病死动物尸体处理的技术与政策探讨[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2011,41(6):26-29.
[3]杨军香.病死畜禽尸体无害化处理现状与资源化利用展望[J].饲料工业,2016,37(13):1-5.
[4]CAPORASO J G,KUCZYNSKI J,et al.QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data[J].Nature Methods,2010,7(5):335-336.
[5]EDGAR R C.Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST[J].Bioinformatics,2010,26(19):2460-2461.
[6]GRICE E A,KONG H H,et al.Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome[J].Science,2009,324(5931):1190-1192.
[7]WANG Y,SHENG H F,HE Y,et al.Comparison of the levels of bacterial diversity in freshwater,intertidal wetland,and marine sediments by using millions of illumina tags[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2012,78(23):8264-8271.
[8]XIONG W,WANG Y,SUN Y,et al.Antibiotic-mediated changes in the fecal microbiome of broiler chickens define the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes[J].Microbiome,2018,6(1):34.
[9]黄萍.温度对微生物生长的影响[J].明胶科学与技术,2011,31(1):29.
[10]谷洁.酶活性及微生物在农业废弃物静态高温堆腐过程变化的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.