使用位势高度对计算加权平均温度的影响
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摘要
加权平均温度(Tm)是GNSS测量大气可降水量的一个重要参数。计算Tm需要不同高度的高空气象资料,而探空数据和再分析资料的温度、湿度和气压通常是以位势高度的形式给出。基于全球范围不同气候区域的13个探空站长期观测数据,比较了使用位势高度和几何高度计算Tm的差异性。经过计算两者的差异性为:BIAS=0.006 2K和RMSE=0.007 4K。结果表明使用位势高度对计算加权平均温度的影响可以忽略,并适用于全球范围不同位置和不同季节。
The weighted mean temperature(T_m)is an important parameter for the measurement of precipitable water vapor by GNSS.The calculation of T_m requires weather data at different heights,while sounding data and reanalysis data are usually given in the form of geopotential height.In this paper,the difference between the geopotential height and the geometric height of the Tmis calculated by comparing the data of 13 sounding stations around the world.The differences between the two are:BIAS=0.006 2 Kand RMSE=0.007 4 K.The results show that the effect of the geopotential height used to calculate weighted mean temperature can be ignored and is suitable for different locations and seasons on the global scale.
The weighted mean temperature(T_m)is an important parameter for the measurement of precipitable water vapor by GNSS.The calculation of T_m requires weather data at different heights,while sounding data and reanalysis data are usually given in the form of geopotential height.In this paper,the difference between the geopotential height and the geometric height of the Tmis calculated by comparing the data of 13 sounding stations around the world.The differences between the two are:BIAS=0.006 2 Kand RMSE=0.007 4 K.The results show that the effect of the geopotential height used to calculate weighted mean temperature can be ignored and is suitable for different locations and seasons on the global scale.
引文
[1]崔喜爱,顾浩,曹云昌.位势高度计算中气压-高度公式的简化及其误差[J].气象科技,2017(2):307-312.
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[7]李征航,张小红.卫星导航定位新技术及高精度数据处理方法[M].武汉大学出版社,2009.
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[9]Ross R J,Rosenfeld S.Estimating mean weighted temperature of the atmosphere for Global Positioning System applications[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1997,102(D18):21719-21730.
[10]He C,Wu S,Wang X,et al.A new voxel-based model for the determination of atmospheric weighted mean temperature in GPS atmospheric sounding[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2017,10(6):1-28.
[11]Vedel H,Mogensen K S,Huang X Y.Calculation of zenith delays from meteorological data comparison of NWP model,radiosonde and GPS delays[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part A Solid Earth and Geodesy,2001,26(6-8):497-502.
[12]张豹,姚宜斌,许超钤.一种可用于估计全球水汽标高的经验模型[J].测绘学报,2015(10).
[13]Yao Y,Xu C,Zhang B,et al.GTm-III:a new global empirical model for mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water vapour[J].Geophysical Journal International,2018,197(1):202-212.
[14]Huang L,Liu L,Chen H,et al.An improved atmospheric weighted mean temperature model and its impact on GNSS precipitable water vapor estimates forChina[J].GPS Solutions,2019.
[15]Huang L,Jiang W,Liu L,et al.A new global grid model for the determination of atmospheric weighted mean temperature in GPS precipitable water vapor[J].Journal of Geodesy,2018,93(2):159-176.
[2]Wang X,Zhang K,Wu S,et al.Water vaporweighted mean temperature and its impact on the determination of precipitable water vapor and its linear trend[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2016,121(2):833-852.
[3]Ding M,Hu W,Ding M,et al.A further contribution to the seasonal variation of weighted mean temperature[J].Advances in Space Research,2017,60(11).
[4]李永,盛丽,李久辉.高空探测中高度择优使用的探讨[C].气象综合探测技术研讨会.2011.
[5]Bevis M,Businger S,Herring T A,et al.GPS meteorology:Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor using the Global Positioning System[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1992,97(D14):15787-15801.
[6]龚绍琦.中国区域大气加权平均温度的时空变化及模型[J].应用气象学报,2013,24(3):332-341.
[7]李征航,张小红.卫星导航定位新技术及高精度数据处理方法[M].武汉大学出版社,2009.
[8]陈钦明,宋淑丽,朱文耀.亚洲地区ECMWF/NCEP资料计算ZTD的精度分析[J].地球物理学报,2012(5):1541-1548.
[9]Ross R J,Rosenfeld S.Estimating mean weighted temperature of the atmosphere for Global Positioning System applications[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1997,102(D18):21719-21730.
[10]He C,Wu S,Wang X,et al.A new voxel-based model for the determination of atmospheric weighted mean temperature in GPS atmospheric sounding[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2017,10(6):1-28.
[11]Vedel H,Mogensen K S,Huang X Y.Calculation of zenith delays from meteorological data comparison of NWP model,radiosonde and GPS delays[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part A Solid Earth and Geodesy,2001,26(6-8):497-502.
[12]张豹,姚宜斌,许超钤.一种可用于估计全球水汽标高的经验模型[J].测绘学报,2015(10).
[13]Yao Y,Xu C,Zhang B,et al.GTm-III:a new global empirical model for mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water vapour[J].Geophysical Journal International,2018,197(1):202-212.
[14]Huang L,Liu L,Chen H,et al.An improved atmospheric weighted mean temperature model and its impact on GNSS precipitable water vapor estimates forChina[J].GPS Solutions,2019.
[15]Huang L,Jiang W,Liu L,et al.A new global grid model for the determination of atmospheric weighted mean temperature in GPS precipitable water vapor[J].Journal of Geodesy,2018,93(2):159-176.