荒漠区灰钙土土壤养分对甘草经济效益的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究甘肃省河西走廊荒漠区灰钙土甘草氮磷钾锌最佳施肥量,为甘草产业可持续发展提供技术支撑。[方法]在甘肃省张掖市民乐县三堡镇的灰钙土上,采用田间试验方法,进行了甘草氮磷钾锌最佳经济效益施肥量的研究。[结果]甘草鲜根产量随氮磷钾锌施肥量梯度的增加而增加,但每1 kg氮磷钾锌增产量则随氮磷钾锌施肥量梯度的增加而递减;随着氮磷钾锌施肥量梯度的增加,甘草边际产量和边际产值在下降,边际利润最终出现负值;甘肃省河西走廊荒漠区灰钙土甘草氮磷钾锌经济效益最佳施肥量分别为0.46,0.26,0.16和0.02 t/hm~2,最佳施肥量时的理论鲜根产量分别为12.81,13.35,13.06,12.76 t/hm~2。[结论]在氮磷钾含量较低,有效锌缺乏的灰钙土上,甘草施用氮磷钾锌具有明显的增产效果,但最高产量的施肥量并不是最佳经济效益施肥量,最佳经济效益施肥量必然低于最高产量施肥量。
[Objective] The economic benefits of optimum fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc of licorice in sierozem of the desert region area of Gansu Corridor were studied in order to provide technical support for the sustainable development of licorice industry. [Methods] A field experiment was carried out to study the economic benefits of optimum fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc in sierozem of Sanbao Town, Minle County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. [Results] With the increase of the fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, the fresh root yield of licorice was increased, but the increased amount of licorice under per 1 kg fertilization was decreased. The marginal yield and value of licorice were decreased, and the marginal profit showed a negative value eventually. In the desert region area of Gansu Corridor, the optimum application rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc was 0.46, 0.26, 0.16 and 0.02 t/hm~2, and the theoretical yield of fresh root at the optimum application rates were 12.81, 13.35, 13.06, 12.76 t/hm~2. [Conclusion] Sierozem has the low content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc to licorice can increase the yield obviously, however, the fertilizer amount with the highest yield is not the optimum fertilization of economic benefits. The best fertilization amount is necessarily lower than that.
[Objective] The economic benefits of optimum fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc of licorice in sierozem of the desert region area of Gansu Corridor were studied in order to provide technical support for the sustainable development of licorice industry. [Methods] A field experiment was carried out to study the economic benefits of optimum fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc in sierozem of Sanbao Town, Minle County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. [Results] With the increase of the fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, the fresh root yield of licorice was increased, but the increased amount of licorice under per 1 kg fertilization was decreased. The marginal yield and value of licorice were decreased, and the marginal profit showed a negative value eventually. In the desert region area of Gansu Corridor, the optimum application rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc was 0.46, 0.26, 0.16 and 0.02 t/hm~2, and the theoretical yield of fresh root at the optimum application rates were 12.81, 13.35, 13.06, 12.76 t/hm~2. [Conclusion] Sierozem has the low content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc to licorice can increase the yield obviously, however, the fertilizer amount with the highest yield is not the optimum fertilization of economic benefits. The best fertilization amount is necessarily lower than that.
引文
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[2] 李月卫,何增奎.不同氮磷施肥量对甘草产量的影响[J].甘肃农业,2013(23):60-61.
[3] 汤政泽,陈维建,范立国.不同施肥配比对甘草营养元素含量的影响[J].林业勘查设计,2016(1):69-70.
[4] 牛红莉.纯羊粪不同施肥水平对甘草产量的影响试验初报[J].农艺农技,2017(14):66-67.
[5] 阿依夏木·沙吾尔,贾宏涛,等.氮磷钾肥配施对甘草生物产量和品质的肥效研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2016,39(5):387-394.
[6] 金燕清,王秋玲,侯俊玲,等.氮磷钾配施对甘草生物量和活性成分的影响[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(7):881-887.
[7] 马生军,王文全,杜润清,等.锰胁迫对甘草生理和生长特性的影响[J].西北药学杂志,2015,30(1):1-8.
[8] 范铭,曹爱农,晋小军,等.施肥对陇中半干旱区三年生甘草产量和品质的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(12):175-179.
[9] 范铭,曹爱农,晋小军,等.施用沼液和接种丛枝菌根真菌对甘草生长及重金属累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1465-1472.
[10] 杨亮亮.亚环植物多元有机专用肥不同施肥水平对甘草综合性能的影响[J].土壤肥料,2017(7):87-88.
[11] 浙江农业大学.植物营养与肥料[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1988:268-269.
[12] 陆欣.土壤肥料学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004:50-52.
[13] 陕西省农林学校.土壤肥料学[M]北京:中国农业出版社,1987:227-228.
[14] 王应君.土壤肥料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.1997:408-409.
[15] 陈伦寿,李仁岗.农田施肥原理与实践[M].北京:中国农业出版社.1983.185-186.
[16] 秦嘉海,王多成,肖占文,等.茄子有机生态型无土栽培专用肥最佳施用量的研究[J].中国蔬菜,2019(14):49-52.
[17] 秦嘉海,李宏斌.张掖市加工型马铃薯氮磷钾最佳施用量的研究[J].土壤,2011,43(4):570-575.