拉萨地块东部米拉山地区中新世地层的特征及构造意义
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摘要
中新世是拉萨地块增厚隆升的重要时期.本次报道了拉萨地块东部首次厘定的中新世地层,岩石类型包括流纹岩、英安岩、火山碎屑岩、黑曜岩和岩屑砂岩等,由3组喷发旋回构成.锆石U-Pb定年显示,该套地层形成于17.2～18.2 Ma.全岩地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析显示,地层中的流纹岩具有钾质火山岩的地球化学特征,同时兼具A型花岗岩的亲缘性,为古老中下地壳部分熔融的产物.英安岩具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征,为增厚新生下地壳部分熔融的产物.米拉山钾质流纹岩和埃达克质英安岩野外共生,丰富了拉萨地块中新世岩浆岩的研究内容,为青藏高原中新世岩石圈减薄/拆沉模型提供了新的证据.
Miocene is an important period for the thickening and uplifting of the Lhasa terrane. A set of Miocene strata were recently identified in the eastern Lhasa terrane. It can be divided into three eruption cycles, and consists of rhyolite, dacite,pyroclastic rock, obsidian and lithic sandstone. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the strata formed during 17.2-18.2 Ma. Whole–rock major and trace element analysis and zircon Hf isotope analysis show that the rhyolite has the geochemical characteristics of potassic volcanic rocks, and is derived from the partial melting of a middle-lower crust. The dacite has the geochemical characteristics of adakite related with A-type granite, and is derived from the partial melting of a new thickened lower crust. The coexistence of the potassic and adakitic rocks enriches the research of the Miocene volcanic rocks, and provides new evidence for the Miocene lithospheric detachment model in the Tibetan Plateau.
Miocene is an important period for the thickening and uplifting of the Lhasa terrane. A set of Miocene strata were recently identified in the eastern Lhasa terrane. It can be divided into three eruption cycles, and consists of rhyolite, dacite,pyroclastic rock, obsidian and lithic sandstone. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the strata formed during 17.2-18.2 Ma. Whole–rock major and trace element analysis and zircon Hf isotope analysis show that the rhyolite has the geochemical characteristics of potassic volcanic rocks, and is derived from the partial melting of a middle-lower crust. The dacite has the geochemical characteristics of adakite related with A-type granite, and is derived from the partial melting of a new thickened lower crust. The coexistence of the potassic and adakitic rocks enriches the research of the Miocene volcanic rocks, and provides new evidence for the Miocene lithospheric detachment model in the Tibetan Plateau.
引文
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Chen,X.J.,Xu,Z.Q.,Meng,Y.K.,et al.,2014.Petrogenesis of Miocene Adakitic Diorite-Porphyrite in Middle Gangdese Batholith,Southern Tibet:Constraints from Geochemistry,Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes.Acta Petrologica Sinica,30(8):2253-2268(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Chung,S.L.,Chu,M.F.,Ji,J.Q.,et al.,2009.The Nature and Timing of Crustal Thickening in Southern Tibet:Geochemical and Zircon Hf Isotopic Constraints from Postcollisional Adakites.Tectonophysics,477(1-2):36-48.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.008
Defant,M.J.,Drummond,M.S.,1990.Derivation of some Modern Arc Magmas by Melting of Young Subducted Lithosphere.Nature,347(6294):662-665.https://doi.org/10.1038/347662a0
Foley,S.F.,Venturelli,G.,Green,D.H.,et al.,1987.The Ultrapotassic Rocks:Characteristics,Classification,and Constraints for Petrogenetic Models.Earth-Science Reviews,24(2):81-134.https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(87)90001-8
Guo,Z.F.,Wilson,M.,Liu,J.Q.,2007.Post-Collisional Adakites in South Tibet:Products of Partial Melting of Subduction-Modified Lower Crust.Lithos,96(1-2):205-224.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.09.011
Guo,Z.F.,Wilson,M.,Zhang,M.L.,et al.,2015.PostCollisional Ultrapotassic Mafic Magmatism in South Tibet:Products of Partial Melting of Pyroxenite in the Mantle Wedge Induced by Roll-Back and Delamination of the Subducted Indian Continental Lithosphere Slab.Journal of Petrology,56(7):1365-1406.https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv040
Hu,Z.C.,Liu,Y.S.,Gao,S.,et al.,2012.Improved in Situ Hf Isotope Ratio Analysis of Zircon Using Newly Designed X Skimmer Cone and Jet Sample Cone in Combination with the Addition of Nitrogen by Laser Ablation Multiple Collector ICP-MS.Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,27(9):1391.https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ja30078h
Hou,Z.Q.,Gao,Y.F.,Qu,X.M.,et al.,2004.Origin of Adakitic Intrusives Generated during Mid-Miocene Eastwest Extension in Southern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,220(1-2):139-155.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(04)00007-x
Kadioglu,Y.K.,Dilek,Y.,2010.Structure and Geochemistry of the Adakitic Horoz Granitoid,Bolkar Mountains,South-Central Turkey,and Its Tectonomagmatic Evolution.International Geology Review,52(4-6):505-535.https://doi.org/10.1080/09507110902954847
Kay,R.W.,Kay,S.M.,1993.Delamination and Delamination Magmatism.Tectonophysics,219(1-3):177-189.https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(93)90295-u
Liu,D.,2017.Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Post-collisional Potassic and Utrapotassic Rocks in Tibet(Dissertation).China University of Geosciences,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,D.,Zhao,Z.D.,Zhu,D.C.,et al.,2014a.Zircon Xenocrysts in Tibetan Ultrapotassic Magmas:Imaging the Deep Crust through Time.Geology,42(1):43-46.https://doi.org/10.1130/g34902.1
Liu,D.,Zhao,Z.D.,Zhu,D.C.,et al.,2014b.Postcollisional Potassic and Ultrapotassic Rocks in Southern Tibet:Mantle and Crustal Origins in Response to India-Asia Collision and Convergence.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,143:207-231.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.031
Ma,X.X.,Xu,Z.Q.,Chen,X.J.,et al.,2017.The Origin and Tectonic Significance of the Volcanic Rocks of the Yeba Formation in the Gangdese Magmatic Belt,South Tibet.Journal of Earth Science,28(2):265-282.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-016-0925-8
Maniar,P.D.,Piccoli,P.M.,1989.Tectonic Discrimination of Granitoids.Geological Society of America Bulletin,101(5):635-643.https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0635:tdog>2.3.co;2
Meng,Y.K.,Ma,S.W.,Xu,Z.Q.,et al.,2018.Geochronology,Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Granitoid Porphyries from Jiama Ore Deposit in Gangdese Belt.Earth Science,43(4):1142-1171(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2018.713
Middlemost,E.A.K.,1994.Naming Materials in the Magma/Igneous Rock System.Earth-Science Reviews,37(3-4):215-224.https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9
Miller,C.,Schuster,R.,Klotzli,U.,et al.,1999.Post-Collisional Potassic and Ultrapotassic Magmatism in SW Tibet:Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-O Isotopic Constraints for Mantle Source Characteristics and Petrogenesis.Journal of Petrology,40(9):1399-1424.https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/40.9.1399
Nomade,S.,Renne,P.R.,Mo,X.X.,et al.,2004.Miocene Volcanism in the Lhasa Block,Tibet:Spatial Trends and Geodynamic Implications.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,221(1-4):227-243.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(04)00072-x
Pearce,J.A.,Harris,N.B.W.,Tindle,A.G.,1984.Trace Element Discrimination Diagrams for the Tectonic Interpretation of Granitic Rocks.Journal of Petrology,25(4):956-983.https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/25.4.956
Peccerillo,A.,Taylor,S.R.,1976.Geochemistry of Eocene Calc-Alkaline Volcanic Rocks from the Kastamonu Area,Northern Turkey.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,58(1):63-81.https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00384745
Qu,X.M.,Hou,Z.Q.,Li,Y.,2004.Melt Components Derived from a Subducted Slab in Late Orogenic Ore-Bearing Porphyries in the Gangdese Copper Belt,Southern Tibetan Plateau.Lithos,74(3-4):131-148.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(04)00027-1
Sun,C.G.,Zhao,Z.D.,Mo,X.X.,et al.,2008.Enriched Mantle Source and Petrogenesis of Sailipu Ultrapotassic Rocks in Southwestern Tibetan Plateau:Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic Compositions.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(2):249-264(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,S.S.,McDonough,W.F.,1989.Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts:Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,42(1):313-345.https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19
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