丙烯腈道路运输泄漏模拟分析及对策
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摘要
为完善实际救援过程中丙烯腈泄漏事故的应急方案,利用事故后果模型软件(PHAST)模拟丙烯腈运输过程中在2种天气条件下镀锌包装铁桶和罐式集装箱的侧翻、碰撞、腐蚀泄漏事故的泄漏范围、泄漏时间、持续时间等;将模拟结果与实际情况进行对比,验证模拟结果的合理性,并编制应急方案。研究表明:大部分事故泄漏迅速,影响范围大,应在事故发生2 h内完成人员救援;对于罐式集装箱泄漏,人员疏散以距离事故处3 km为宜;对于镀锌包装铁桶的泄漏,人员疏散以距事故处1 km为宜。
In order to improve the emergency plan for acrylonitrile leakage accidents during the actual rescue process,rollover leakage,collision leakage and corrosion leakage from galvanized packaging iron drums and tank containers under two weather conditions during acrylonitrile transportation were simulated by using the Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool( PHAST). A comparison was made between the simulation results and the actual situation.A contingency plan was prepared after verifying the rationality of the simulation results. Studies have shown that in most of the accidents,the leak process in quick and has a wide range of impacts,that the rescue operation should be completed within 2 h of the accident,that for tank container leakage,evacuation should be 3 km away from the scene of the accident,and that for leakage from galvanized packaging iron drums,evacuation should be 1 km away from the scene of the accident.
In order to improve the emergency plan for acrylonitrile leakage accidents during the actual rescue process,rollover leakage,collision leakage and corrosion leakage from galvanized packaging iron drums and tank containers under two weather conditions during acrylonitrile transportation were simulated by using the Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool( PHAST). A comparison was made between the simulation results and the actual situation.A contingency plan was prepared after verifying the rationality of the simulation results. Studies have shown that in most of the accidents,the leak process in quick and has a wide range of impacts,that the rescue operation should be completed within 2 h of the accident,that for tank container leakage,evacuation should be 3 km away from the scene of the accident,and that for leakage from galvanized packaging iron drums,evacuation should be 1 km away from the scene of the accident.
引文
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[11]高继红.科技期刊中量和单位的规范化使用:以化学及其交叉学科稿件为例[J].宁夏大学学报:自然科学版,2018,39(2):187-192.GAO Jihong.Standardized use of quantities and units in technical periodicals:taking manuscript of chemistry and its interdisciplinary as an example[J].Journal of Ningxia University:Natural Science Edition 2018,39(2):187-192.
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[13]胡晓明,李万莉,孙丽,等.液体晃动降低半挂液罐车行驶稳定性[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):49-58.HU Xiaoming,LI Wanli,SUN Li,et al.Liquid sloshing reduces driving stability of semi-trailer liquid tank[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(6):49-58.
[14]姚建.危险化学品常压罐车罐体质量缺陷及处理[J].商用汽车,2012(16):71-73.
[15]陈国华,梁韬,张晖,等.用SAFETI定量评价液氯泄漏事故的风险[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(5):103-108.CHEN Guohua,LIANG Tao,ZHANG Hui,et al.Quantitative risk assessment of liquefied chlorine leakage accident via SAFETI[J].Journal of South China University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2006,34(5):103-108.
[16]刘惠临,沈非.基于毒性伤害指标的疏散路径规划模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(1):179-184.LIU Huilin,SHEN Fei.Evacuation route planning model based on toxic injury index[J].China Safety Science Journal,2018,28(1):179-184.
[17]李宁,王晓宇.石化企业重大泄漏事故建模及GIS图形模拟的研究[J].东华理工大学学报:自然科学版,2005,28(3):274-277.LI Ning,WANG Xiaoyu.A study of construction model of serious leakages in petrochemical enterprises[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2005,28(3):274-277.
[18]苏正高,丁伟军.生死较量:京沪高速淮安段丙烯腈泄漏事故抢险救援纪实[J].中国消防,2005(12):38-39.
[19]刘涛.丙烯腈火灾的特点及灭火对策[C].火灾科学与消防工程国际学术会议,2003:571-574.LIU Tao.Characteristic of acrylonitrile fire and requirements of safe production[C].Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Fire Science and Fire Engineering,2003:571-574.
[20]鲁博,张慧.酸性腐蚀品槽车泄漏处置对策探究[J].中国公共安全:学术版,2013,32(3):43-45.LU Bo,ZHANG Hui.Study on the disposal of the corrosives presenting acidic properties tank leak[J].China Public Security:Academic Edition,2013,32(3):43-45.
[2]国家安全生产监督管理局.危险化学品名录(2002版)[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2004,24(4):24-29.
[3]SLATTER A J.The training,examination and certification of safety advisers for the transport of dangerous goods by road,rail and inland waterways[J].Maney Publishingsuitec Josephs Well Hanover Walk Leeds Ls3ab Uk,2014,11(1/2):29-35.
[4]刘滨.丙烯腈泄漏中毒事故应急处置措施[J].炼油与化工,2011,22(1):57-58.
[5]陈松生,廖薷琳,黄小平.大型丙烯腈罐泄漏事故分析及预防措施[J].江西化工,2006(1):85-87.
[6]黄小平.丙烯腈事故泄漏对大亚湾水质影响的模拟研究[J].海洋通报,1998,17(3):24-31.HUANG Xiaoping.Simulation of the impact of accidental spillage of acrylonitrile on the water quality of Daya bay[J].Ocean Report,1998,17(3):24-31.
[7]周雪昂,杨健宇,康青春,等.某市"6·26"丙烯汽车槽车泄露事故分析[J].消防技术与产品信息,2009(2):57-59.
[8]周锦山.剧毒化学品泄漏事故应急处置研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2005,1(6):66-70.ZHOU Jinshan.Study of emergency treating on virulent chemicals'leakage accident[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2005,1(6):66-70.
[9]王秀,王金宏,白琳.丙烯腈运输发生泄漏事故的环境影响分析[C].辽宁省环境科学学会2008年学术年会,2009:296-298.
[10]黄金印,张庆利,姜连瑞.典型公路气体槽车泄漏事故统计分析及对策研究[J].消防科学与技术,2014,33(3):333-336.HUANG Jinyin,ZHANG Qingli,JIANG Lianrui.Statistical analysis and countermeasures studies on typical leaking accidents of road gas tank trucks[J].Fire Science and Technology,2014,33(3):333-336.
[11]高继红.科技期刊中量和单位的规范化使用:以化学及其交叉学科稿件为例[J].宁夏大学学报:自然科学版,2018,39(2):187-192.GAO Jihong.Standardized use of quantities and units in technical periodicals:taking manuscript of chemistry and its interdisciplinary as an example[J].Journal of Ningxia University:Natural Science Edition 2018,39(2):187-192.
[12]GB/T 7717.1-2008,工业用丙烯腈第1部分:规格[S].GB/T 7717.1-2008,Acrylonitrile for industrial use-part 1:specification[S].
[13]胡晓明,李万莉,孙丽,等.液体晃动降低半挂液罐车行驶稳定性[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):49-58.HU Xiaoming,LI Wanli,SUN Li,et al.Liquid sloshing reduces driving stability of semi-trailer liquid tank[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(6):49-58.
[14]姚建.危险化学品常压罐车罐体质量缺陷及处理[J].商用汽车,2012(16):71-73.
[15]陈国华,梁韬,张晖,等.用SAFETI定量评价液氯泄漏事故的风险[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(5):103-108.CHEN Guohua,LIANG Tao,ZHANG Hui,et al.Quantitative risk assessment of liquefied chlorine leakage accident via SAFETI[J].Journal of South China University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2006,34(5):103-108.
[16]刘惠临,沈非.基于毒性伤害指标的疏散路径规划模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(1):179-184.LIU Huilin,SHEN Fei.Evacuation route planning model based on toxic injury index[J].China Safety Science Journal,2018,28(1):179-184.
[17]李宁,王晓宇.石化企业重大泄漏事故建模及GIS图形模拟的研究[J].东华理工大学学报:自然科学版,2005,28(3):274-277.LI Ning,WANG Xiaoyu.A study of construction model of serious leakages in petrochemical enterprises[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2005,28(3):274-277.
[18]苏正高,丁伟军.生死较量:京沪高速淮安段丙烯腈泄漏事故抢险救援纪实[J].中国消防,2005(12):38-39.
[19]刘涛.丙烯腈火灾的特点及灭火对策[C].火灾科学与消防工程国际学术会议,2003:571-574.LIU Tao.Characteristic of acrylonitrile fire and requirements of safe production[C].Proceedings of International Academic Conference on Fire Science and Fire Engineering,2003:571-574.
[20]鲁博,张慧.酸性腐蚀品槽车泄漏处置对策探究[J].中国公共安全:学术版,2013,32(3):43-45.LU Bo,ZHANG Hui.Study on the disposal of the corrosives presenting acidic properties tank leak[J].China Public Security:Academic Edition,2013,32(3):43-45.
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