工作面推进速度对地表沉陷动态变形影响研究
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摘要
为了解决地表建构筑物受动态沉陷变形影响的保护问题,揭示地表沉陷移动过程中地表动态变形规律,整理统计了东胜矿区10余个地表岩移观测站实测数据,在此基础上建立了考虑工作面不同推进速度(2.5～20.0 m/d)的6个数值分析模型,分析总结了地表动态移动变形特征和规律。研究结果表明:地表移动时间、地表移动活跃期与工作面采深、推进速度之比存在线性关系;地表最大下沉速度与工作面推进速度和最大下沉量乘积的平方成正比,与采深的平方成反比;地表动态变形峰值与地表最终最大变形值的比值和工作面推进速度与主要影响半径的比值符合指数函数的关系;通过受护建构筑物地表临界变形值和地表变形参数建立了工作面安全推进速度计算模型,该计算模型可计算工作面最小推进速度。并以高压线塔下压煤安全开采为例,给出了工作面安全推进速度,实例验证了作者建立的工作面安全推进速度计算模型是有效的,为地表建构筑物的有效保护提供了技术依据。
To solve the protection problem of surface structures influenced by dynamic subsidence deformation and reveal the dynamic deformation laws of surface subsidence during the movement of surface subsidence,the authors in this paper collected the measuring data from more than 10 surface rock movement observation stations in Dongsheng Mining Area. Based on this,six numerical analysis models were established,considering different mining velocity( 2.5 ～ 20.0 m/d),the paper analyzed and summarized the characteristics and laws of surface dynamic movement and deformation. The results show that there is a linear relationship between surface movement time,active surface movement period and the longwall depth and propulsion speed ratio; The maximum surface sinking speed and the longwall face propulsion speed are proportional to the square of the product of the maximum subsidence value. However,they are inversely proportional to the square of the mining depth; The ratio between the maximum surface dynamic deformation and the final maximum deformation value of the surface,has an exponential relationship with the ratio between the longwall face advancing velocity and the main influence radius;The calculation model of the safe mining speed of the longwall face is established based onthe critical deformation value and surface deformation parameters of the protected building,which can calculate the minimum advancing speed of longwall face. Taking the safe mining of coal under high-voltage line tower as an example,the safe recovery speed is given. This example proves that the established calculation model of the safe mining velocityof the longwall face in this paper is effective and provides a technical support for the effective protection of surface structures.
To solve the protection problem of surface structures influenced by dynamic subsidence deformation and reveal the dynamic deformation laws of surface subsidence during the movement of surface subsidence,the authors in this paper collected the measuring data from more than 10 surface rock movement observation stations in Dongsheng Mining Area. Based on this,six numerical analysis models were established,considering different mining velocity( 2.5 ～ 20.0 m/d),the paper analyzed and summarized the characteristics and laws of surface dynamic movement and deformation. The results show that there is a linear relationship between surface movement time,active surface movement period and the longwall depth and propulsion speed ratio; The maximum surface sinking speed and the longwall face propulsion speed are proportional to the square of the product of the maximum subsidence value. However,they are inversely proportional to the square of the mining depth; The ratio between the maximum surface dynamic deformation and the final maximum deformation value of the surface,has an exponential relationship with the ratio between the longwall face advancing velocity and the main influence radius;The calculation model of the safe mining speed of the longwall face is established based onthe critical deformation value and surface deformation parameters of the protected building,which can calculate the minimum advancing speed of longwall face. Taking the safe mining of coal under high-voltage line tower as an example,the safe recovery speed is given. This example proves that the established calculation model of the safe mining velocityof the longwall face in this paper is effective and provides a technical support for the effective protection of surface structures.
引文
[1]何国清,杨伦,凌赓娣,等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1991.
[2]刘国琛,廖国华.煤矿地表移动的基本规律[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[3]煤炭科学研究院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.
[4]崔希民,邓喀中.煤矿开采沉陷预计理论与方法研究评述[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(1):160-169.CUI Ximin,DENG Kazhong. Research review of predicting theory and method for coal mining subsidence[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(1):160-169.
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):1-7.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin.Green mining of coal resources harmonizing with environment[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):1-7.
[6] A G Hoffman,D M Clark,Bechtel T D.Abandoned deep mine subsidence investigation and remedisl design[R]. Interstate 70,Guermsey County,Ohio,in 46thHighway Symposium:Charleston,West Virginia,1995.
[7]李德海,许国胜,余华中.厚松散层煤层开采地表动态移动变形特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(7):103-106.LI Dehai,XU Guosheng,YU Huazhong.Study on features of surface dynamic movement and deformation caused by coal mining under thick alluvium[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(7):103-106.
[8]黄乐亭,王金庄.地表动态沉陷变形的3个阶段与变形速度的研究[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(4):420-424.HUANG Leting,WANG Jinzhuang. Study on the three stages and deformation velocity of dynamic surface subsidence deformation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(4):420-424.
[9]姜玉龙,张东峰,张小强,等.推进速度对回采巷道稳定性的影响[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(9):228-231.JIANG Yulong,ZHANG Dongfeng,ZHANG Xiaoqiang,et al. Effect of advance speed on stability of mining gateways in fully mechanized face[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(9):228-231.
[10]谢广祥,常聚才,华心祝.开采速度对综放面围岩力学特征影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(7):963-967.XIE Guangxiang,CHANG Ju Cai,HUA Xin Zhu. Influence of mining velocity on mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock of fully mechanized top-coal caving face[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(7):963-967.
[11]邵明明,江灿,王宏伟.不同开采速度下断层活化规律的数值分析[C]//北京力学会.北京力学会第二十四届学术年会会议论文集.北京:北京力学会,2018.
[12]李德海,王长江,崔洪瑞,等.地表和岩层变形与工作面推进速度的关系[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,12(S1):39-43.LI Dehai,WANG Changjiang,CUI Hongrui,et al.Relationship between surface and rock deformation and advancing speed of working face[J]. Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1995,12(S1):39-43.
[13]宁永香,焦希颖.回采速度对地表动态移动变形值的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32(11):74-76.NING Yong Xiang,JIAO Xiying.Ming speed influenced to surface ground dynamic displacement and deformation[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2004,32(11):74-76.
[14]彭小沾,崔希民,臧永强,等,时间函数与地表动态移动变形规律研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2004,26(4):341-344.PENG Xiao ZHAN,CUI Ximin,ZANG Yongqiang,et al.Study on time function and dynamic movement and deformation of the earth surface[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2004,26(4):341-344
[15]朱广轶,徐征慧,解陈,等.老采空区地表残余移动变形影响函数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):1962-1970.ZHU Guangyi,XU Zhenghui,XIE Chen,et al.Study of influence functions of surface residual movement and deformation above old goaf[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):1962-1970.
[16]崔希民,缪协兴,赵英利,等.论地表移动过程的时间函数[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(5):453-456.CUI Ximin,MIAO Xiexing,ZHAO Yingli,et al.Discussion on the time function of time dependent surface movement[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1999,24(5):453-456.
[17]朔贝尔F,冯克浦.减小开采损害的最佳回采速度[J].矿山测量,1989(2):80-84.F Hebell,FENG Kepu. Reducing the optimal speed of mining damage[J].Mine Survey,1989(2):80-84.
[18]余学义.开采速度对地表建筑物损害影响分析[J].西安科技学院学报,2001,21(2):97-101.YU Xueyi.Analysis of damage effect of mining velocity on surface buildings[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2001,21(2):97-101.
[19]廉旭刚,郭博婷,胡海峰.工作面推进速度对地表移动变形的影响研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(4):74-77.LIAN Xugang,GUO Boting,HU Haifeng. Influences of working face advancing rate on surface movement and deformation[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(4):74-77.
[2]刘国琛,廖国华.煤矿地表移动的基本规律[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[3]煤炭科学研究院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.
[4]崔希民,邓喀中.煤矿开采沉陷预计理论与方法研究评述[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(1):160-169.CUI Ximin,DENG Kazhong. Research review of predicting theory and method for coal mining subsidence[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(1):160-169.
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):1-7.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin.Green mining of coal resources harmonizing with environment[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):1-7.
[6] A G Hoffman,D M Clark,Bechtel T D.Abandoned deep mine subsidence investigation and remedisl design[R]. Interstate 70,Guermsey County,Ohio,in 46thHighway Symposium:Charleston,West Virginia,1995.
[7]李德海,许国胜,余华中.厚松散层煤层开采地表动态移动变形特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(7):103-106.LI Dehai,XU Guosheng,YU Huazhong.Study on features of surface dynamic movement and deformation caused by coal mining under thick alluvium[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(7):103-106.
[8]黄乐亭,王金庄.地表动态沉陷变形的3个阶段与变形速度的研究[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(4):420-424.HUANG Leting,WANG Jinzhuang. Study on the three stages and deformation velocity of dynamic surface subsidence deformation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(4):420-424.
[9]姜玉龙,张东峰,张小强,等.推进速度对回采巷道稳定性的影响[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(9):228-231.JIANG Yulong,ZHANG Dongfeng,ZHANG Xiaoqiang,et al. Effect of advance speed on stability of mining gateways in fully mechanized face[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(9):228-231.
[10]谢广祥,常聚才,华心祝.开采速度对综放面围岩力学特征影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(7):963-967.XIE Guangxiang,CHANG Ju Cai,HUA Xin Zhu. Influence of mining velocity on mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock of fully mechanized top-coal caving face[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(7):963-967.
[11]邵明明,江灿,王宏伟.不同开采速度下断层活化规律的数值分析[C]//北京力学会.北京力学会第二十四届学术年会会议论文集.北京:北京力学会,2018.
[12]李德海,王长江,崔洪瑞,等.地表和岩层变形与工作面推进速度的关系[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,12(S1):39-43.LI Dehai,WANG Changjiang,CUI Hongrui,et al.Relationship between surface and rock deformation and advancing speed of working face[J]. Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1995,12(S1):39-43.
[13]宁永香,焦希颖.回采速度对地表动态移动变形值的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32(11):74-76.NING Yong Xiang,JIAO Xiying.Ming speed influenced to surface ground dynamic displacement and deformation[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2004,32(11):74-76.
[14]彭小沾,崔希民,臧永强,等,时间函数与地表动态移动变形规律研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2004,26(4):341-344.PENG Xiao ZHAN,CUI Ximin,ZANG Yongqiang,et al.Study on time function and dynamic movement and deformation of the earth surface[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2004,26(4):341-344
[15]朱广轶,徐征慧,解陈,等.老采空区地表残余移动变形影响函数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):1962-1970.ZHU Guangyi,XU Zhenghui,XIE Chen,et al.Study of influence functions of surface residual movement and deformation above old goaf[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):1962-1970.
[16]崔希民,缪协兴,赵英利,等.论地表移动过程的时间函数[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(5):453-456.CUI Ximin,MIAO Xiexing,ZHAO Yingli,et al.Discussion on the time function of time dependent surface movement[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1999,24(5):453-456.
[17]朔贝尔F,冯克浦.减小开采损害的最佳回采速度[J].矿山测量,1989(2):80-84.F Hebell,FENG Kepu. Reducing the optimal speed of mining damage[J].Mine Survey,1989(2):80-84.
[18]余学义.开采速度对地表建筑物损害影响分析[J].西安科技学院学报,2001,21(2):97-101.YU Xueyi.Analysis of damage effect of mining velocity on surface buildings[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2001,21(2):97-101.
[19]廉旭刚,郭博婷,胡海峰.工作面推进速度对地表移动变形的影响研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(4):74-77.LIAN Xugang,GUO Boting,HU Haifeng. Influences of working face advancing rate on surface movement and deformation[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(4):74-77.