大跨度保温型温室的热环境模拟
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摘要
大跨度保温型温室为拱型钢骨架结构,南北走向,相邻温室间距仅2m,相比于传统日光温室土地利用率提高到91%,且仍具有日光温室节能的特点。为分析和评价该温室的蓄热保温性能,基于温室热传导、对流换热、太阳辐射、天空辐射、作物蒸腾、自然通风等热物理过程,构建了温室内热环境变化模型,并利用Matlab软件对其进行求解,模拟在冬季连续4个典型工作日无加温条件下,每10min的室内空气温度和作物根区温度,并将模拟值与实测值进行对比分析。结果表明,模型对大跨度温室内空气温度模拟的平均绝对误差在±1.3℃之内,模拟值与实测值间直线方程的决定系数(R~2)为0.99(n=576),回归估计标准误差(RMSE)和相对误差(RE)分别为1.6℃和16.4%;作物根区温度实测值与模拟值的绝对误差在±0.6℃之内,直线方程的R~2为0.91(n=576),RMSE和RE分别为0.76℃和6.7%。模型模拟值与实测值较为一致,可为温室环境精准调控和结构优化设计提供理论依据。
Large-scale insulation solar greenhouse, with wide span, steel frame and built in south-north orientation,was a tunnel type greenhouse. The distance between greenhouses was only 2 m and the land utilization efficiency can be increased up to 91%, but it still has the characteristics of energy saving compared with traditional solar greenhouse. A greenhouse climate model was developed in order to predict the inside air temperature and root zone temperature to assess the greenhouse insulation and heat storage ability based on the physical processes of heat conduction, heat convection, solar radiation distribution, sky radiation, crop transpiration and air exchanged by natural ventilation. The model was established with Matlab software to calculate the temperature of the different parts. The variables, include inside air temperature and plant root zone temperature, were also measured during four successive days with time span of 10 min. The results showed that the absolute error of the air temperature inside large-scale insulation solar greenhouse was ±1.3℃, the simulated air temperature agreed well with the measured data.The determination coefficient of linear equation(R2)(n=576), root mean squared error(RMSE) and relative prediction error(RE) between simulated and measured air temperature was 0.99, 1.6℃ and 16.4%, respectively. The absolute error of the root zone temperature was ±0.6℃. The determination coefficient of linear equation(R2)(n=576), RMSE and RE between simulated and measured root zone temperature was 0.91, 0.76℃ and 6.7%,respectively. It was concluded that the model was robust and could be used for the optimization of the large-scale insulation solar greenhouse as well as the climate control.
Large-scale insulation solar greenhouse, with wide span, steel frame and built in south-north orientation,was a tunnel type greenhouse. The distance between greenhouses was only 2 m and the land utilization efficiency can be increased up to 91%, but it still has the characteristics of energy saving compared with traditional solar greenhouse. A greenhouse climate model was developed in order to predict the inside air temperature and root zone temperature to assess the greenhouse insulation and heat storage ability based on the physical processes of heat conduction, heat convection, solar radiation distribution, sky radiation, crop transpiration and air exchanged by natural ventilation. The model was established with Matlab software to calculate the temperature of the different parts. The variables, include inside air temperature and plant root zone temperature, were also measured during four successive days with time span of 10 min. The results showed that the absolute error of the air temperature inside large-scale insulation solar greenhouse was ±1.3℃, the simulated air temperature agreed well with the measured data.The determination coefficient of linear equation(R2)(n=576), root mean squared error(RMSE) and relative prediction error(RE) between simulated and measured air temperature was 0.99, 1.6℃ and 16.4%, respectively. The absolute error of the root zone temperature was ±0.6℃. The determination coefficient of linear equation(R2)(n=576), RMSE and RE between simulated and measured root zone temperature was 0.91, 0.76℃ and 6.7%,respectively. It was concluded that the model was robust and could be used for the optimization of the large-scale insulation solar greenhouse as well as the climate control.
引文
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[23]Li S H,Daniel H,Willits,et al.Thermal modeling of greenhouse aquaculture raceway systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2009,41(1):1-13.
[24]Morille B,Migeon C,Bournet P E.Is the Penman-Monteith model adapted to predict crop transpiration under greenhouse conditions?Application to a new guinea impatiens crop[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,(152):80-91.
[25]李德,张学贤,祁宦,等.宿州日光温室内部最高和最低气温的预报模型[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(2):170-178.Li D,Zhang X X,Qi H,et al.Forecast model of the highest and lowest temperature in the sunlight greenhouse in Suzhou[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2013,34(2):170-178.(in Chinese)
[26]李宁,申双和,黎贞发,等.基于主成分回归的日光温室内低温预测模型[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(3):306-311.Li N,Shen S H,Li Z F,et al.Forecast model of minimum temperature inside greenhouse based on principal component regression[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2013,34(3):306-311.(in Chinese)
[2]Bot G P A.Greenhouse climate:from physical processes to a dynamical model[D].The Netherlands:Wageningen Agricultural University,1983.
[3]De Zwart H F.Analyzing energy saving options in greenhouse cultivations using a simulation model[D].The Netherlands:Wageningen Agricultural University,1996.
[4]Vanthoor B H E,Stanghellini C,Van Henten E J,et al.Optimal greenhouse design should take into account optimal climate management[J].Acta Horticulturae,2008,(802):97-104.
[5]Vanthoor B H E,Stanghellini C,Van Henten E J,et al.The effect of outdoor climate conditions on passive greenhouse design[J].Acta Horticulturae,2009,(807):61-66.
[6]Tanny J,Dicken U,Cohen S.Vertical variation in turbulence statistics and energy balance in a banana screen house[J].Biosystems Engneering,2010,106(2):175-187.
[7]Meir T,Josef T.Natural ventilation of greenhouse:experiments and model[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1999,(96):59-70.
[8]Fuller R J,Meyer C P,Sale P J M.Validation of a dynamic model for predicting energy use in greenhouses[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1987,38(1):1-14.
[9]Trigui M,Barrington S,Gauthier L.A strategy for greenhouse climate control,Part I:model development[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,2001,78(4):407-413.
[10]Tong G,Christopher D M,Li B.Numerical modelling of temperature variations in a Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2009,(68):129-139.
[11]杜军,王怀彬,杨励丹.温室内气温与土温相关性传热模型[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2000,32(5):1-4.Du J,Wang H B,Yang L D.Interactive heat transfer of air and soil temperature in greenhouse[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2000,32(5):1-4.(in Chinese)
[12]孟力力,杨其长,Bot G P A,等.日光温室热环境模拟模型的构建[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(1):164-170.Meng L L,Yang Q C,Bot G P A,et al.Visual simulation model for thermal environment in Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(1):164-170.(in Chinese)
[13]马承伟,卜云龙,籍秀红,等.日光温室墙体夜间放热量计算与保温蓄热性评价方法的研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2008,26(5):411-415.Ma C W,Bu Y L,Ji X H.Method for calculation of heat release at night and evaluation for performance of heat preservation of wall in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2008,26(5):411-415.(in Chinese)
[14]马承伟,韩静静,李睿.日光温室热环境模拟预测软件研究开发[J].北方园艺,2010,(15):69-75.Ma C W,Han J J,Li R.Research and development of software for thermal environmental simulation and prediction in solar greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2010,(15):69-75.(in Chinese)
[15]李军,姚益平,徐蕊,等.长江下游防虫网覆盖塑料大棚内温湿度模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):238-244.Li J,Yao Y P,Xu R,et al.Simulation of air temperature and relative humidity in plastic greenhouse tunnel covered with insect-proof nets in lower reaches of Yangtze River[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(6):238-244.(in Chinese)
[16]Impron I,Hemming S,Bot G P A.Simple greenhouse climate model as a design tool for greenhouse in tropical lowland[J].Biosystems Engineering,2007,(98):79-89.
[17]Yang X S.Greenhouse micrometeorology and estimation of heat and water vapor fluxes[J].J Agric Engng Res,1995,(61):227-238.
[18]方慧,杨其长,张义.基于热泵的日光温室浅层土壤水媒蓄放热装置试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):210-216.Fang H,Yang Q C,Zhang Y.Experimental study on shallow soil assisted heat release-storage system with water-water heat pump in solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(20):210-216.(in Chinese)
[19]Boulard T,Baille A.Modelling of air exchange rate in a greenhouse equipped with continuous roof vents[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1995,(61):37-48.
[20]Roy J G,Boulard T,Kittas C,et al.Convection and ventilation transfer in greenhouses,Part 1:the greenhouse considered as a perfectly stirred tank[J].Biosystems Engneering,2002,(83):1-20.
[21]Boulard T,Baille A.A simple greenhouse climate control model incorporating effects of ventilation and evaporative cooling[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1993,(65):145-157.
[22]章熙民,任泽霈.传热学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.Zhang X M,Ren Z P.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[23]Li S H,Daniel H,Willits,et al.Thermal modeling of greenhouse aquaculture raceway systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2009,41(1):1-13.
[24]Morille B,Migeon C,Bournet P E.Is the Penman-Monteith model adapted to predict crop transpiration under greenhouse conditions?Application to a new guinea impatiens crop[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,(152):80-91.
[25]李德,张学贤,祁宦,等.宿州日光温室内部最高和最低气温的预报模型[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(2):170-178.Li D,Zhang X X,Qi H,et al.Forecast model of the highest and lowest temperature in the sunlight greenhouse in Suzhou[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2013,34(2):170-178.(in Chinese)
[26]李宁,申双和,黎贞发,等.基于主成分回归的日光温室内低温预测模型[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(3):306-311.Li N,Shen S H,Li Z F,et al.Forecast model of minimum temperature inside greenhouse based on principal component regression[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2013,34(3):306-311.(in Chinese)