残膜土壤对点源入渗湿润体特性的影响
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摘要
为探明含残膜污染土壤对点源入渗湿润体特性的影响,选取360 kg/hm~2残膜量,采用室内土箱模拟的方法,以不同土壤初始含水率、土壤容重和滴头流量等3个因素进行试验,研究相应土壤入渗湿润锋过程及不同滴头流量下横纵比特征。结果表明:在相同入渗时间内,湿润锋运移距离随土壤初始含水率和滴头流量的增大而增大;不同土壤容重下,水平运移距离随土壤容重的增大而增大,垂直运移距离随土壤容重的增大而减小。土壤入渗湿润体特征值与时间呈幂函数关系,并以此为基础分别建立了湿润锋水平和垂直向运移距离的预测模型。横纵比与流量呈负相关,随着灌水历时增加,横纵比逐渐减小,不同滴头流量下,横纵比与入渗时间也呈幂函数关系,决定系数R~2在0.98以上。
In order to find out the effect of contaminated soil containing residual film on wetting body characteristics of point source infiltration, the experiment is carried out with three factors, namely different initial soil moisture, soil bulk destiny and emitter flow rate by using the method of indoor soil box simulation and 360 kg/hm~2 residual film quantity. The process of soil wetting front and the characteristics of aspect ratio under different drip discharge are studied. The results show that the wetting front migration distance increases with the increase in initial soil moisture and emitter flow rate at the same infiltration time. The horizontal migration distance increases with the increase in soil bulk density under different soil bulk densities, while the vertical migration distance decreases with the increase in soil bulk density. The relationship between the characteristic value of soil wetting body and time is power function, and based on this, the prediction model of horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front is established respectively. With the increase in irrigation duration, the aspect ratio gradually decreases and it negatively correlates with flow. Under different drip discharge, aspect ratio and infiltration time is also power function, the determining coefficient R~2 was more than 0.98.
In order to find out the effect of contaminated soil containing residual film on wetting body characteristics of point source infiltration, the experiment is carried out with three factors, namely different initial soil moisture, soil bulk destiny and emitter flow rate by using the method of indoor soil box simulation and 360 kg/hm~2 residual film quantity. The process of soil wetting front and the characteristics of aspect ratio under different drip discharge are studied. The results show that the wetting front migration distance increases with the increase in initial soil moisture and emitter flow rate at the same infiltration time. The horizontal migration distance increases with the increase in soil bulk density under different soil bulk densities, while the vertical migration distance decreases with the increase in soil bulk density. The relationship between the characteristic value of soil wetting body and time is power function, and based on this, the prediction model of horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front is established respectively. With the increase in irrigation duration, the aspect ratio gradually decreases and it negatively correlates with flow. Under different drip discharge, aspect ratio and infiltration time is also power function, the determining coefficient R~2 was more than 0.98.
引文
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[5] 严昌荣,梅旭荣,何文清,等. 农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J]. 农业工程学报,2006,22(11):269-272.
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[9] 王志超,李仙岳,史海滨,等. 残膜埋深对滴灌条件下粉砂壤土水分入渗影响的试验研究[J]. 土壤,2014,46(4):710-715.
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[11] 李明思, 康绍忠, 孙海燕. 点源滴灌滴头流量与湿润体关系研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2006,22(4):32-35.
[12] 曾辰,王全九,樊军. 初始含水率对土壤垂直线源入渗特征的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2010,26(1):24-30.
[13] 赵文举,郁文,范严伟,等. 滴灌条件下容重对压砂土壤水分入渗规律的影响[J]. 水土保持通报,2016,36(1):169-173.
[14] Cote C M,Bristow K L,Charlesworth P B,et al. Analysis of soil wetting and solute transport in subsurface trickle irrigation[J]. Irrigation Science,2003,22(3/4):143-156.
[15] 胡和平,高龙,田富强. 地表滴灌条件下土壤湿润体运移经验方程[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(6):839-843.
[16] 张振华,蔡焕杰,郭永昌,等. 滴灌土壤湿润体影响因素的实验研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2002,18(2):17-20.
[17] 孙海燕,李明思,王振华,等. 滴灌点源入渗湿润锋影响因子的研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报,2004,23(3):14-16.
[18] 严昌荣,刘恩科,舒帆,等. 我国地膜覆盖和残留污染特点与防控技术[J]. 农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(2):95-102.
[19] 刘建国,李彦斌,张伟,等. 绿洲棉田长期连作下残膜分布及对棉花生长的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2010,29(2):246-250.
[20] 樊贵盛,郑秀清,潘光在. 地下水埋深对冻融土壤水分入渗特性影响的试验研究[J]. 水利学报,1999,30(3):22-27.
[21] Lado M,Ben-Hur M,Shainberg I. Soil wetting and texture effects on aggregate stability,seal formation,and erosion[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(6):1 992-1 999.
[22] 李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等. 容重对土壤水分入渗能力影响模拟试验[J]. 农业工程学报,2009,25(6):40-45.
[23] 汪志荣,王文焰,王全九,等. 点源入渗土壤水分运动规律实验研究[J].水利学报,2000,(6):39-44.
[2] 贺军奇,员学锋,卫新东,等. 保墒灌溉对夏玉米地土壤水分迁移转化的影响[J]. 干旱区研究,2011,28(2):198-204.
[3] Wang Zaimin,Jin ,et al. Evaluation of mulched drip irrigation for cotton in arid Northwest China[J]. Irrigation Science,2014,32(1):15-27.
[4] 康轩,黄景,吕巨智,等. 保护性耕作对土壤养分及有机碳库的影响[J]. 生态环境学报,2009,18(6):2 339-2 343.
[5] 严昌荣,梅旭荣,何文清,等. 农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J]. 农业工程学报,2006,22(11):269-272.
[6] 尉海东,伦志磊,郭峰. 残留农膜对土壤性状的影响[J]. 生态环境,2008,17(5):1 853-1 856.
[7] 毕继业,王秀芬,朱道林. 地膜覆盖对农作物产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2008,24(11):172-175.
[8] 李元桥,何文清,严昌荣,等. 点源供水条件下残膜对土壤水分运移的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2015,31(6):145-149.
[9] 王志超,李仙岳,史海滨,等. 残膜埋深对滴灌条件下粉砂壤土水分入渗影响的试验研究[J]. 土壤,2014,46(4):710-715.
[10] 李仙岳,史海滨,吕烨,等. 土壤中不同残膜量对滴灌入渗的影响及不确定性分析[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,29(8):84-90.
[11] 李明思, 康绍忠, 孙海燕. 点源滴灌滴头流量与湿润体关系研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2006,22(4):32-35.
[12] 曾辰,王全九,樊军. 初始含水率对土壤垂直线源入渗特征的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2010,26(1):24-30.
[13] 赵文举,郁文,范严伟,等. 滴灌条件下容重对压砂土壤水分入渗规律的影响[J]. 水土保持通报,2016,36(1):169-173.
[14] Cote C M,Bristow K L,Charlesworth P B,et al. Analysis of soil wetting and solute transport in subsurface trickle irrigation[J]. Irrigation Science,2003,22(3/4):143-156.
[15] 胡和平,高龙,田富强. 地表滴灌条件下土壤湿润体运移经验方程[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(6):839-843.
[16] 张振华,蔡焕杰,郭永昌,等. 滴灌土壤湿润体影响因素的实验研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2002,18(2):17-20.
[17] 孙海燕,李明思,王振华,等. 滴灌点源入渗湿润锋影响因子的研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报,2004,23(3):14-16.
[18] 严昌荣,刘恩科,舒帆,等. 我国地膜覆盖和残留污染特点与防控技术[J]. 农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(2):95-102.
[19] 刘建国,李彦斌,张伟,等. 绿洲棉田长期连作下残膜分布及对棉花生长的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2010,29(2):246-250.
[20] 樊贵盛,郑秀清,潘光在. 地下水埋深对冻融土壤水分入渗特性影响的试验研究[J]. 水利学报,1999,30(3):22-27.
[21] Lado M,Ben-Hur M,Shainberg I. Soil wetting and texture effects on aggregate stability,seal formation,and erosion[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(6):1 992-1 999.
[22] 李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等. 容重对土壤水分入渗能力影响模拟试验[J]. 农业工程学报,2009,25(6):40-45.
[23] 汪志荣,王文焰,王全九,等. 点源入渗土壤水分运动规律实验研究[J].水利学报,2000,(6):39-44.