莎士比亚十四行诗“战争”隐喻认知研究——基于美与爱主题
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摘要
莎士比亚在十四行诗中使用大量隐喻,"战争"隐喻尤为突出,主要体现为"美即战争"与"爱即战争"。诗人以"战争"为始源域,结合"战争"这一人类活动的特点,通过"战争"概念来描写、构造"美"和"时间"以及两者中人与时间、人与人冲突与对立的关系,着重表现两者之间的相互较量与抗争、过程惨烈,表现了要留住美的不易、得到爱的艰辛这一思想观点。在这一隐喻系统中,无论是始源域还是目标域,其内容都是以"人"或"人"的活动为中心,人文主义色彩浓厚,隐喻的使用使诗歌在内容表达上更具连贯性,主题更加鲜明。
In Shakespeare 's sonnets,metaphors are employed,among which war metaphors are more prominent,mainly clustered on themes of "beauty"and "love". While taking the war as the source domain and "beauty"and "love"as the target domains,Shakespeare vividly describes contractions and conflicts between men,man and time,highlighting the fierceness and hardship in the pursuit of victory,and proving the difficulty in maintaining beauty and youth,and winning others' love. In the given conceptual metaphor system,whether in the source domain or the two target domains,its content is centered on humans or their activity,which makes the sonnets full of humanism; moreover,the use of metaphor makes the works more meaningful and more vivid.
In Shakespeare 's sonnets,metaphors are employed,among which war metaphors are more prominent,mainly clustered on themes of "beauty"and "love". While taking the war as the source domain and "beauty"and "love"as the target domains,Shakespeare vividly describes contractions and conflicts between men,man and time,highlighting the fierceness and hardship in the pursuit of victory,and proving the difficulty in maintaining beauty and youth,and winning others' love. In the given conceptual metaphor system,whether in the source domain or the two target domains,its content is centered on humans or their activity,which makes the sonnets full of humanism; moreover,the use of metaphor makes the works more meaningful and more vivid.
引文
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[13]王寅.认知语言学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2016:68.
[2] LAKOFF G, JOHNSON M. Metaphors we live by[M]. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980.
[3]束定芳.隐喻学研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000.
[4] RIGNEY,D. The metaphorical society:an introduction to social theory[M]. Maryland:Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc.,2001.
[5]杨洋,董方峰.“医疗即战争”隐喻的认知话语研究[J].外国语文研究,2016,2(5):26-35.
[6]董晓波.中英文足球报道中的战争隐喻分析[J].体育与科学,2014,35(4):18-23.
[7]袁影.论战争隐喻的普遍性及文化渊源[J].外语研究,2004,21(4):36-39.
[8]贾玉娟.战争隐喻广泛性之理据分析[J].学术界,2015,30(12):148-153.
[9]苏立昌,常洪岭.从“战争”概念隐喻看文化因素对语言的影响[J].天津外国语学院学报,2007,14(1):58-62.
[10] ORTONY A. Metaphor and thought[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1979:74.
[11]莎士比亚.十四行诗集[M].钱兆明,译.北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[12]莎士比亚.莎士比亚诗集[M].辜正坤,曹明伦,译.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2016.
[13]王寅.认知语言学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2016:68.