生物接触氧化-蔬菜型人工湿地处理农村生活污水
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摘要
采用生物接触氧化+水生蔬菜型湿地一体化装置处理川渝地区某农村居民实际农村生活污水。结果表明,装置对COD、NH_4~+-N、TN的去除率分别达69.23～96.53%、95.9%～97.26%和73.6～93.07%。出水COD和NH_4~+-N、TN的质量浓度分别为5.02～49.98 mg/L和0.59～1.93、2.83～9.35 mg/L,均能稳定达到GB 18918-2002的一级A标准。装置对TP的去除率仅为10%～20%,可通过筛选吸附能力更强的基质或者组合基质等措施进一步提高污水中TP的去除效率。微生物生化系统和湿地系统的结合,大大减少了湿地堵塞的可能,同时水生蔬菜的种植,提高了农户使用的积极性。
Biological contact oxidation-aquatic vegetable constructed wetland integrated device was used to treat practical rural domestic sewage in Sichuan area. The results showed that the removal rates of COD, NH_4~+-N and TN were 69.23～96.53%, 95.9%～97.26% and 73.6～93.07% respectively. The mass concentration of COD, NH_4~+-N and TN in effluent were 5.02～49.98 mg/L, 0.59～1.93 mg/L and 2.83～9.35 mg/L, respectively, which could meet the first class A discharge standard of GB18918-2002. The removal efficiency of TP was only 10%～20%, which can be further improved by screening substrates or combined substrates with strong adsorption capacity. The combination of microbial biochemical system and wetland system greatly reduced the possibility of wetland congestion. Meanwhile, the planting of aquatic vegetables increased the enthusiasm of farmers to maintain the treatment device.
Biological contact oxidation-aquatic vegetable constructed wetland integrated device was used to treat practical rural domestic sewage in Sichuan area. The results showed that the removal rates of COD, NH_4~+-N and TN were 69.23～96.53%, 95.9%～97.26% and 73.6～93.07% respectively. The mass concentration of COD, NH_4~+-N and TN in effluent were 5.02～49.98 mg/L, 0.59～1.93 mg/L and 2.83～9.35 mg/L, respectively, which could meet the first class A discharge standard of GB18918-2002. The removal efficiency of TP was only 10%～20%, which can be further improved by screening substrates or combined substrates with strong adsorption capacity. The combination of microbial biochemical system and wetland system greatly reduced the possibility of wetland congestion. Meanwhile, the planting of aquatic vegetables increased the enthusiasm of farmers to maintain the treatment device.
引文
[1]环境保护部,财政部,全国农村环境综合整治“十二五”规划[A].2012-06.
[2]环境保护部,财政部,全国农村环境综合整治“十三五”规划[A].2016-12.
[3]马琳,贺锋.我国农村生活污水组合处理技术研究进展[J].水处理技术,2014,40(10):1-5.
[4]李楠,范泽,董阳,等.6种植物水质氮、磷净化能力的比较研究[J].天津农学院学报,2016,23(3):15-19.
[5]韩璐瑶,吕锡武.水生蔬菜型湿地植物对氮、磷营养盐的吸收动力学[J].环境工程学报,2017(5):2828-2835.
[6]樊均德,陈靖,邓霞,等.低温下水芹对生活污水中氨氮、正磷酸盐的去除效果[J].湖北农业科学,2016(1):43-45.
[7]DRIZO A,FROST C A,GRACE J,SMITH K A.Physico-chemical screening of phosphate-removing substrates for use in constructed wetland systems[J].Water Res,1999,33:3595-3602.
[8]张毓媛,曹晨亮,任丽君,等.不同基质组合及水力停留时间下垂直流人工湿地的除污效果[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):292-299.
[9]黄磊,张绍博,鲁言言,等.菖蒲和空心菜在处理微污染河水潜流人工湿地中的应用[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(5):1845-1850.
[10]水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法:GB 11914-89[S].
[11]水质氨氮的测定纳氏试剂分光光度法:HJ 535-2009[S].
[12]水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法:HJ 636-2012[S].
[13]水质总磷的测定钼酸铵分光光度法:GB 11893-89[S].
[14]城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准:GB 18918-2002[S].
[15]吴小凤,邹晓彪,李林锋.不同填料垂直流人工湿地系统的净化能力研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(2):414-418.
[16]OUELLET-PLAMONDON C,CHAZARENC F,COMEAU,Y.Artificial aeration to increase pollutant removal efficiency of constructed wetlands in cold climate[J].Ecological Engineering,2006,27(3):258-264.
[17]张修稳,李锋民,等.10种人工湿地填料对磷的吸附特性比较[J].水处理技术,2014,40(3):49-52.
[18]李扬,孙小平,樊妙生.垂直潜流人工湿地对农村生活污水的处理能力研究[J].山西水利科技,2016(4):86-89.
[19]张翔凌,陈俊杰,郭露,等.垂直流人工湿地LDHs覆膜改性沸石基质强化除磷效果及其机制[J].环境科学,2014,2(12):4553-4559.
[20]聂凤,熊正为,黄建洪,等.改性火山石-PAC复合絮凝剂处理城镇生活污水试验研究[J].水处理技术,2012,38(4):87-90.
[2]环境保护部,财政部,全国农村环境综合整治“十三五”规划[A].2016-12.
[3]马琳,贺锋.我国农村生活污水组合处理技术研究进展[J].水处理技术,2014,40(10):1-5.
[4]李楠,范泽,董阳,等.6种植物水质氮、磷净化能力的比较研究[J].天津农学院学报,2016,23(3):15-19.
[5]韩璐瑶,吕锡武.水生蔬菜型湿地植物对氮、磷营养盐的吸收动力学[J].环境工程学报,2017(5):2828-2835.
[6]樊均德,陈靖,邓霞,等.低温下水芹对生活污水中氨氮、正磷酸盐的去除效果[J].湖北农业科学,2016(1):43-45.
[7]DRIZO A,FROST C A,GRACE J,SMITH K A.Physico-chemical screening of phosphate-removing substrates for use in constructed wetland systems[J].Water Res,1999,33:3595-3602.
[8]张毓媛,曹晨亮,任丽君,等.不同基质组合及水力停留时间下垂直流人工湿地的除污效果[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):292-299.
[9]黄磊,张绍博,鲁言言,等.菖蒲和空心菜在处理微污染河水潜流人工湿地中的应用[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(5):1845-1850.
[10]水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法:GB 11914-89[S].
[11]水质氨氮的测定纳氏试剂分光光度法:HJ 535-2009[S].
[12]水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法:HJ 636-2012[S].
[13]水质总磷的测定钼酸铵分光光度法:GB 11893-89[S].
[14]城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准:GB 18918-2002[S].
[15]吴小凤,邹晓彪,李林锋.不同填料垂直流人工湿地系统的净化能力研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(2):414-418.
[16]OUELLET-PLAMONDON C,CHAZARENC F,COMEAU,Y.Artificial aeration to increase pollutant removal efficiency of constructed wetlands in cold climate[J].Ecological Engineering,2006,27(3):258-264.
[17]张修稳,李锋民,等.10种人工湿地填料对磷的吸附特性比较[J].水处理技术,2014,40(3):49-52.
[18]李扬,孙小平,樊妙生.垂直潜流人工湿地对农村生活污水的处理能力研究[J].山西水利科技,2016(4):86-89.
[19]张翔凌,陈俊杰,郭露,等.垂直流人工湿地LDHs覆膜改性沸石基质强化除磷效果及其机制[J].环境科学,2014,2(12):4553-4559.
[20]聂凤,熊正为,黄建洪,等.改性火山石-PAC复合絮凝剂处理城镇生活污水试验研究[J].水处理技术,2012,38(4):87-90.