日粮中添加发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪的生长性能、养分表观消化率和饲料通过消化道时长的影响。选取480头80日龄左右、体况相近的杜花二元杂交育肥猪(♂杜洛克猪×♀广东小耳花猪),随机分为试验组和对照组,每组24个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮的同时,按照猪生长阶段额外添加5%～20%的发酵果渣,饲养试验全期共5个月。结果显示,小猪阶段(25～60 kg阶段,添加5%～10%的发酵果渣),平均日增重无影响,试验组全价料采食量降低6.12%(P>0.05),料重比降低5.57%(P>0.05);中猪阶段(60～80 kg阶段,添加15%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高6.52%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低7.55%(P>0.05,料重比降低12.90%(P<0.05);大猪阶段(80～100 kg阶段,添加20%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高4.69%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低9.50%(P>0.05),料重比降低12.20%(P<0.05);试验全期,试验组平均日增重提高2.08%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低7.47%(P>0.05),料重比降低8.62%(P<0.05)。额外添加发酵果渣能不同程度显著性提高杜花二元杂交育肥猪中后期对粗蛋白质的表观消化率,但对钙和磷的吸收具有降低的趋势。额外添加发酵果渣能缩短杜花二元杂交育肥猪前期饲料通过消化道的时长(P>0.05),但能不同程度延长中后期饲料通过消化道的时长(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明,在杜花二元杂交育肥猪日粮中额外添加适量的发酵果渣能提高生长性能,降低料重比,且可一定程度上延长饲料在育肥中后期猪消化道内的停留时间,促进猪对日粮中粗蛋白质等营养物质的消化吸收。
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of fermented pomace on the growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and the duration of feed through the digestive tract.A total of 480 Duhua binary breeding pigs(♂Duroc pig×♀Guangdong small-eared pigs) with similar body conditions were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group,24 replicates per group,10 pigs per replicate.The control group was fed with the basal diet,and the experimental group was fed with the basal diet,and 5% to 20% of the fermented pomace was added according to the growth stages of the pig.The feeding trial lasted for 5 months.The results showed that in the piglet stage(25 to 60 kg stage,adding 5% to 10% fermented pomace),the average daily gain did not affect,the test group's full-price feed intake decreased by 6.12%(P>0.05),and the F/G decreased 5.57%(P>0.05).In the middle pig stage(60 to 80 kg stage,adding 15% fermented pomace),the average daily weight gain of the test group increased by 6.50%(P>0.05),the full-price feed intake decreased by 7.55%(P>0.05),and the F/G decreased by 12.90%(P<0.05).In the large pig stage(80 to 100 kg stage,adding 20% fermented pomace),the average daily weight gain of the test group increased by 4.69%(P>0.05),the full-price feed intake decreased by 9.50%(P>0.05),and the F/G decreased by 12.20%(P<0.05).During the whole trial period,the average daily gain of the experimental group increased by 2.08%(P>0.05),the feed intake of the full-price feed decreased by 7.47%(P>0.05),and the F/G decreased by 8.62%(P<0.05).The addition of fermented pomace could significantly improve the apparent digestibility of protein in the middle and late stages of Duhua binary fattening pigs,but the absorption of calcium and phosphorus had a decreasing trend.And it could shorten the time of the feed through the digestive tract of the Duhua binary fattening pigs in initial stage(P>0.05),but could extend the time of the feed through the digestive tract in medium and late stages(P>0.05).The results of this experiment showed that adding an appropriate amount of fermented pomace in the diet of Duhua binary fattening pigs could improve the growth performance,reduce the F/G,and to some extent,prolong the retention of feed in the digestive tract of the pig in the middle and late fattening period and promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients such as CP in the diet.
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of fermented pomace on the growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and the duration of feed through the digestive tract.A total of 480 Duhua binary breeding pigs(♂Duroc pig×♀Guangdong small-eared pigs) with similar body conditions were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group,24 replicates per group,10 pigs per replicate.The control group was fed with the basal diet,and the experimental group was fed with the basal diet,and 5% to 20% of the fermented pomace was added according to the growth stages of the pig.The feeding trial lasted for 5 months.The results showed that in the piglet stage(25 to 60 kg stage,adding 5% to 10% fermented pomace),the average daily gain did not affect,the test group's full-price feed intake decreased by 6.12%(P>0.05),and the F/G decreased 5.57%(P>0.05).In the middle pig stage(60 to 80 kg stage,adding 15% fermented pomace),the average daily weight gain of the test group increased by 6.50%(P>0.05),the full-price feed intake decreased by 7.55%(P>0.05),and the F/G decreased by 12.90%(P<0.05).In the large pig stage(80 to 100 kg stage,adding 20% fermented pomace),the average daily weight gain of the test group increased by 4.69%(P>0.05),the full-price feed intake decreased by 9.50%(P>0.05),and the F/G decreased by 12.20%(P<0.05).During the whole trial period,the average daily gain of the experimental group increased by 2.08%(P>0.05),the feed intake of the full-price feed decreased by 7.47%(P>0.05),and the F/G decreased by 8.62%(P<0.05).The addition of fermented pomace could significantly improve the apparent digestibility of protein in the middle and late stages of Duhua binary fattening pigs,but the absorption of calcium and phosphorus had a decreasing trend.And it could shorten the time of the feed through the digestive tract of the Duhua binary fattening pigs in initial stage(P>0.05),but could extend the time of the feed through the digestive tract in medium and late stages(P>0.05).The results of this experiment showed that adding an appropriate amount of fermented pomace in the diet of Duhua binary fattening pigs could improve the growth performance,reduce the F/G,and to some extent,prolong the retention of feed in the digestive tract of the pig in the middle and late fattening period and promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients such as CP in the diet.
引文
[1] 李湛,王晔. 酱油渣发酵生产蛋白质饲料的研究[J].广东饲料,2009,18(10):21-24. LI Z,WANG Y.Study on the fermentation of protein feed from soy sauce residue[J]. Guangdong Feed,2009,18(10):21-24.(in Chinese)
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[3] 宋增廷,王华朗,王立志,等.我国家禽非常规饲料资源的开发与利用[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):1-7. SONG Z T,WANG H L,WANG L Z,et al.Development and utilization of unconventional feed resources for poultry in China[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
[4] 单杨.我国柑橘工业现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程技术(农产品加工业),2014,4:13-17. SHAN Y.Current status and development trend of citrus industry in China[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology(Agricultural Product Processing Industry),2014,4:13-17.(in Chinese)
[5] MAMMA D,CHRISTAKOPOULOS P.Biotransformation of citrus by-products into value added prod-ucts[J].Waste Biomass Valori,2014,5(4):529-549.
[6] 孙攀峰,高腾云,肖杰.苹果渣饲用价值的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2004,31(6):13-16. SUN P F,GAO T Y,XIAO J.Research progress of feeding value of apple slag[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2004,31(6):13-16.(in Chinese)
[7] POURHOSSEIN Z,QOTBI A A,SEIDAVI A,et al.Effect of different levels of dietary sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)peel extract on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(1):105-110.
[8] 薛祝林,黄必志.混合菌种发酵苹果渣产生蛋白饲料的工艺参数优化研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(3):128-131. XUE Z L,HUANG B Z.Study on favorable protein production parameters from apple residue fermented by mixed strains[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(3):128-131. (in Chinese)
[9] 吴厚玖,焦必林,王华,等.柑桔皮渣发酵饲料中间试验研究[J].中国饲料,1997,17:37-39. WU H J,JIAO B L,WANG H,et al.Intermediate experiment study on fermented feed of citrus peel[J].China Feed,1997,17:37-39.(in Chinese)
[10] 姚焰础,杨飞云,刘作华,等.柑橘渣青贮过程中营养物质和苦味物质含量的动态变化规律研究[J].中国饲料,2012,7:14-15. YAO Y C,YANG F Y,LIU Z H,et al.Study on the dynamic variation of silage process on the nutrients and bitter compounds of citrus pulp[J].China Feed,2012,7:14-15.(in Chinese)
[11] 吴健波.发酵柑橘渣对肥育猪的营养价值和饲用价值研究[D].重庆:西南大学, 2017. WU J B.A study on nutritive and feeding value of fermented citrus pulp in finishing pigs[D].Chongqing:Southwest University, 2017.(in Chinese)
[12] 邓盾,檀克勤,容庭,等.利用柑橘渣作为畜禽饲料的研究进展[J].中国饲料,2018,7:64-68. DENG D,TAN K Q,RONG T,et al.Research progress on citrus pulp for feedstuff of livestock and poultry[J].China Feed,2018,7:64-68. (in Chinese)
[13] ALMEIDA V V,NUNEZ A J C,SCHINCKEL A P,et al.Interactive effect of dietary protein and dried citrus pulp levels on growth performance,small intestinal morphology,and hindgut fermentation of weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2017,95(1):257-269.
[14] GB/T 6432-1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].1994. GB/T 6432-1994 Method for determination of crude protein in feed[S].1994.(in Chinese)
[15] GB/T 6438-2007饲料中粗灰分的测定[S].2007. GB/T 6438-2007 Determination of coarse ash in feed[S].2007.(in Chinese)
[16] GB/T 6436-2002饲料中钙的测定[S].2002. GB/T 6436-2002 Determination of calcium in feed[S].2002.(in Chinese)
[17] GB/T 6437-1992饲料中总磷量的测定[S].1992. GB/T 6437-1992 Determination of total phosphorus in feed[S].1992.(in Chinese)
[18] 程建华,王舜华,史海林,等.发酵柑橘渣取代麦麸饲育肥猪试验[J].粮食储藏,1999,28(4):48-51. CHENG J H,WANG Y H,SHI H L,et al.Experiment on fermentation of citrus residues to replace wheat bran and feeding pigs[J].Grain Storage,1999,28(4):48-51.(in Chinese)
[19] 王帅.发酵柑橘渣对仔猪生长和肠道发育的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2014. WANG S.Effects of the fermented citrus pulp on growth and development of gastrointestinal tract in weaned piglets[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2014.(in Chinese)
[20] STRONG C M,BRENDEMUHL J H,JOHNSON D D,et al.The effect of elevated dietary citrus pulp on the growth,feed efficiency,carcass merit,and lean quality of finishing pigs[J].Professional Animal Scientist,2015,31(3):191-200.
[21] O’SULLIVAN T C,LYNCH P B,MORRISSEY P A,et al.Evaluation of citrus pulp in diets for sows and growing pigs[J]. Irish Journal of Agricultural & Food Research,2003,42(2):243-253.
[22] 赵义斌,谢仲伦,张辉,等.柑桔皮粉作饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能影响的研究[J].畜禽业,1999,11:18-19. ZHAO Y B,XIE Z L,ZHANG H,et al.Study on effect of citrus peel meal as a feed additive on production performance of broilers[J].Livestock and Poultry Industry,1999,11:18-19.(in Chinese)
[23] 刘虎,徐荣,方热军,等.柑橘渣的功能及其在猪生产中的应用[J].湖南饲料,2016,5:31-32. LIU H,XU R,FANG R J,et al.Function of citrus pulp and its application in pig production[J]. Hunan Feed,2016,5:31-32.(in Chinese)
[24] MAHMOOD A U,GREENMAN J,SCRAGG A H.Orange and potato peel extracts:Analysis and use as Bacillus substrates for the production of extracellular enzymes in continuous culture[J].Enzyme & Microbial Technology,1998,22(2):130-137.
[25] 赵宝玉,李绍君,王军亮,等.桔皮提取物抑制霉菌试验[J].动物医学进展,1998,2:30-33. ZHAO B Y,LI S J,WANG J L,et al.In vitro activity of orange skin extracts against moulds[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,1998,2:30-33.(in Chinese)
[2] 李远虎.柑橘皮渣发酵饲料在奶牛饲喂中的研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011. LI Y H.Study on citrus peel residue fermented feed in dairy cows[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2011.(in Chinese)
[3] 宋增廷,王华朗,王立志,等.我国家禽非常规饲料资源的开发与利用[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):1-7. SONG Z T,WANG H L,WANG L Z,et al.Development and utilization of unconventional feed resources for poultry in China[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
[4] 单杨.我国柑橘工业现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程技术(农产品加工业),2014,4:13-17. SHAN Y.Current status and development trend of citrus industry in China[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology(Agricultural Product Processing Industry),2014,4:13-17.(in Chinese)
[5] MAMMA D,CHRISTAKOPOULOS P.Biotransformation of citrus by-products into value added prod-ucts[J].Waste Biomass Valori,2014,5(4):529-549.
[6] 孙攀峰,高腾云,肖杰.苹果渣饲用价值的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2004,31(6):13-16. SUN P F,GAO T Y,XIAO J.Research progress of feeding value of apple slag[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2004,31(6):13-16.(in Chinese)
[7] POURHOSSEIN Z,QOTBI A A,SEIDAVI A,et al.Effect of different levels of dietary sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)peel extract on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(1):105-110.
[8] 薛祝林,黄必志.混合菌种发酵苹果渣产生蛋白饲料的工艺参数优化研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(3):128-131. XUE Z L,HUANG B Z.Study on favorable protein production parameters from apple residue fermented by mixed strains[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(3):128-131. (in Chinese)
[9] 吴厚玖,焦必林,王华,等.柑桔皮渣发酵饲料中间试验研究[J].中国饲料,1997,17:37-39. WU H J,JIAO B L,WANG H,et al.Intermediate experiment study on fermented feed of citrus peel[J].China Feed,1997,17:37-39.(in Chinese)
[10] 姚焰础,杨飞云,刘作华,等.柑橘渣青贮过程中营养物质和苦味物质含量的动态变化规律研究[J].中国饲料,2012,7:14-15. YAO Y C,YANG F Y,LIU Z H,et al.Study on the dynamic variation of silage process on the nutrients and bitter compounds of citrus pulp[J].China Feed,2012,7:14-15.(in Chinese)
[11] 吴健波.发酵柑橘渣对肥育猪的营养价值和饲用价值研究[D].重庆:西南大学, 2017. WU J B.A study on nutritive and feeding value of fermented citrus pulp in finishing pigs[D].Chongqing:Southwest University, 2017.(in Chinese)
[12] 邓盾,檀克勤,容庭,等.利用柑橘渣作为畜禽饲料的研究进展[J].中国饲料,2018,7:64-68. DENG D,TAN K Q,RONG T,et al.Research progress on citrus pulp for feedstuff of livestock and poultry[J].China Feed,2018,7:64-68. (in Chinese)
[13] ALMEIDA V V,NUNEZ A J C,SCHINCKEL A P,et al.Interactive effect of dietary protein and dried citrus pulp levels on growth performance,small intestinal morphology,and hindgut fermentation of weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2017,95(1):257-269.
[14] GB/T 6432-1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].1994. GB/T 6432-1994 Method for determination of crude protein in feed[S].1994.(in Chinese)
[15] GB/T 6438-2007饲料中粗灰分的测定[S].2007. GB/T 6438-2007 Determination of coarse ash in feed[S].2007.(in Chinese)
[16] GB/T 6436-2002饲料中钙的测定[S].2002. GB/T 6436-2002 Determination of calcium in feed[S].2002.(in Chinese)
[17] GB/T 6437-1992饲料中总磷量的测定[S].1992. GB/T 6437-1992 Determination of total phosphorus in feed[S].1992.(in Chinese)
[18] 程建华,王舜华,史海林,等.发酵柑橘渣取代麦麸饲育肥猪试验[J].粮食储藏,1999,28(4):48-51. CHENG J H,WANG Y H,SHI H L,et al.Experiment on fermentation of citrus residues to replace wheat bran and feeding pigs[J].Grain Storage,1999,28(4):48-51.(in Chinese)
[19] 王帅.发酵柑橘渣对仔猪生长和肠道发育的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2014. WANG S.Effects of the fermented citrus pulp on growth and development of gastrointestinal tract in weaned piglets[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2014.(in Chinese)
[20] STRONG C M,BRENDEMUHL J H,JOHNSON D D,et al.The effect of elevated dietary citrus pulp on the growth,feed efficiency,carcass merit,and lean quality of finishing pigs[J].Professional Animal Scientist,2015,31(3):191-200.
[21] O’SULLIVAN T C,LYNCH P B,MORRISSEY P A,et al.Evaluation of citrus pulp in diets for sows and growing pigs[J]. Irish Journal of Agricultural & Food Research,2003,42(2):243-253.
[22] 赵义斌,谢仲伦,张辉,等.柑桔皮粉作饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能影响的研究[J].畜禽业,1999,11:18-19. ZHAO Y B,XIE Z L,ZHANG H,et al.Study on effect of citrus peel meal as a feed additive on production performance of broilers[J].Livestock and Poultry Industry,1999,11:18-19.(in Chinese)
[23] 刘虎,徐荣,方热军,等.柑橘渣的功能及其在猪生产中的应用[J].湖南饲料,2016,5:31-32. LIU H,XU R,FANG R J,et al.Function of citrus pulp and its application in pig production[J]. Hunan Feed,2016,5:31-32.(in Chinese)
[24] MAHMOOD A U,GREENMAN J,SCRAGG A H.Orange and potato peel extracts:Analysis and use as Bacillus substrates for the production of extracellular enzymes in continuous culture[J].Enzyme & Microbial Technology,1998,22(2):130-137.
[25] 赵宝玉,李绍君,王军亮,等.桔皮提取物抑制霉菌试验[J].动物医学进展,1998,2:30-33. ZHAO B Y,LI S J,WANG J L,et al.In vitro activity of orange skin extracts against moulds[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,1998,2:30-33.(in Chinese)
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