黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状与生育期气象因子的时空分布特征及互作关系
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摘要
【目的】研究黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状与生育期降水的时空分布特征与互作关系,为气候变化下黄淮旱地小麦品种改良提供理论依据。【方法】利用2010—2017年国家黄淮冬小麦区域试验对照品种在不同区域试验点的农艺性状与降水资料,结合地理时空分布与数理统计方法,分析黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状和出苗-成熟期总降水的关系。【结果】空间分布上,黄淮旱地小麦实际单位面积产量、千粒重呈现由西部旱薄地向东部旱肥地增加的趋势。西部旱薄地的株高相对较高,中东部旱肥地的株高相对较低。中东部以北的黄淮旱地不同生育阶段的总降水普遍较低,中东部以南的黄淮旱地不同生育阶段的总降水相对较高。时间变化上,河南、山西和陕西的中西部旱地的出苗—成熟期总降水表现出显著的增加趋势。出苗—抽穗期总降水与实际单位面积产量、株高、有效穗数呈显著正相关。通径分析表明,黄淮旱肥地的株高和有效穗数决定了产量变异的53.2%,黄淮旱薄地的株高和千粒重决定了产量变异的67%。【结论】建议黄淮旱肥地冬小麦育种以适当增加株高,提高花前高效利用有限降水的能力和增加穗部发育为主。黄淮旱薄地育种以稳定株高,提高花后转运干物质的效率和收获指数为主。
【Objective】This article was to study the spatial-temporal distribution and interaction between agronomic traits of winter wheat and precipitation of growth period, and to provide a theoretical basis for variety improvement of winter wheat in Huang-Huai dryland under climate change.【Method】The data of agronomic traits and precipitation of the national regional trials of Huang-Huai dryland from 2010 to 2017 were used to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution and interaction by geographic methods and statistical methods.【Result】In terms of spatial distribution, the actual yield per unit area and 1000-kernel weight of winter wheat showed an increasing trend from west barren dryland to east fertile dryland. The plant height showed higher in the west barren dryland and lower in the middle and east fertile dryland. The total precipitation of different growth stages in the north of central and eastern Huang-Huai dryland was generally low, the south of central and eastern Huang-Huai dryland relatively high. In terms of time change, the total precipitation of germination to maturity period in the central and western dryland of Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi showed a significant increasing trend. The total precipitation of germination to heading period was significantly positively correlated with actual yield, plant height, and number of effective ears. The results of path analysis showed that the plant height and the number of effective ears determined 53.2% of the actual yield variation in Huang-Huai fertile dryland, and the plant height and 1000-kernel weight determined 67% of the actual yield variation in Huang-Huai barren dryland. 【Conclusion】 It was suggested that winter wheat breeding in Huang-Huai fertile dryland should increase plant height appropriately, improve the ability of efficient use of limited precipitation before flowering and increase ear development. Huang-Huai barren dryland breeding should stabilize plant height and improve the efficiency of transporting dry matter after flowering and harvest index.
【Objective】This article was to study the spatial-temporal distribution and interaction between agronomic traits of winter wheat and precipitation of growth period, and to provide a theoretical basis for variety improvement of winter wheat in Huang-Huai dryland under climate change.【Method】The data of agronomic traits and precipitation of the national regional trials of Huang-Huai dryland from 2010 to 2017 were used to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution and interaction by geographic methods and statistical methods.【Result】In terms of spatial distribution, the actual yield per unit area and 1000-kernel weight of winter wheat showed an increasing trend from west barren dryland to east fertile dryland. The plant height showed higher in the west barren dryland and lower in the middle and east fertile dryland. The total precipitation of different growth stages in the north of central and eastern Huang-Huai dryland was generally low, the south of central and eastern Huang-Huai dryland relatively high. In terms of time change, the total precipitation of germination to maturity period in the central and western dryland of Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi showed a significant increasing trend. The total precipitation of germination to heading period was significantly positively correlated with actual yield, plant height, and number of effective ears. The results of path analysis showed that the plant height and the number of effective ears determined 53.2% of the actual yield variation in Huang-Huai fertile dryland, and the plant height and 1000-kernel weight determined 67% of the actual yield variation in Huang-Huai barren dryland. 【Conclusion】 It was suggested that winter wheat breeding in Huang-Huai fertile dryland should increase plant height appropriately, improve the ability of efficient use of limited precipitation before flowering and increase ear development. Huang-Huai barren dryland breeding should stabilize plant height and improve the efficiency of transporting dry matter after flowering and harvest index.
引文
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[6]LOBELL D B,SCHLENKER W,COSTA-ROBERTS J.Climate trends and global crop production since 1980.Science,2011,333(6042):616-620.
[7]HOUGHTON J E T,DING Y H,GRIGGS D,NOGUER M,VAN D LP,DAI X,MASKELL K,JOHNSON C A.Climate Change 2001:The Scientific Basis.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001:99-181.
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[12]姚俊强,杨青,刘志辉,李诚志.中国西北干旱区降水时空分布特征.生态学报,2015,35(17):5846-5855.YAO J Q,YANG Q,LIU Z H,LI C Z.Spatio-temporal change of precipitation in arid region of the Northwest China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(17):5846-5855.(in Chinese)
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[14]ASSENG S,JAMIESON P.D,KIMBALL B,PINTER P,SAYRE K,BOWDEN J W,HOWDEN S M.Simulated wheat growth affected by rising temperature,increased water deficit and elevated atmospheric CO2.Field Crops Research,2004,85(2/3):85-102.
[15]SUN H Y,SHEN Y J,YU Q,FLERCHINGER G N,ZHANG Y Q,LIU C M,ZHANG X Y.Effect of precipitation change on water balance and WUE of the winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the North China Plain.Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(8):1139-1145.
[16]GUO S L,ZHU H H,DANG T H,WU J S,LIU W Z,HAO M D,LIY,SYERS J K.Winter wheat grain yield associated with precipitation distribution under long-term nitrogen fertilization in the semiarid Loess Plateau in China.Geoderma,2012,189-190:442-450.
[17]ZHANG Z,SONG X,TAO F L,ZHANG S,SHI W J.Climate trends and crop production in China at county scale,1980 to 2008.Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2016,123(1/2):291-302.
[18]柳芳,黎贞发.降水量和积温变化对天津冬小麦产量的影响.中国农业气象,2010,31(3):431-435.LIU F,LI Z F.Impacts of precipitation and accumulated temperature on winter wheat yield in Tianjin.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2010,31(3):431-435.(in Chinese)
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[20]孔繁玲,张群远,杨付新,郭恒敏.棉花品种区域试验的精确度探讨.作物学报,1998,24(5):601-607.KONG F L,ZHANG Q Y,YANG F X,GUO H M.Studies on the precision of regional cotton variety trials.Acta Agronomica Sinica,1998,24(5):601-607.(in Chinese)
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