考虑火灾动态扩散过程的高层建筑疏散路径研究
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摘要
为给火灾中高层建筑人员提供最优逃生路径,提高高层人员面对火灾的应急能力,提出基于涟漪扩散算法(RSA)的协同进化路径优化方法(CEPO);借助火灾动力学软件(FDS)模拟北京某高层建筑的火灾扩散情况,采用CEPO方法优化人员疏散路径,并选取传统动态路径优化方法(DPO)验证CEPO方法的有效性。结果表明:CEPO方法总的疏散时间较传统DPO方法缩短约8%,DPO方法无法成功疏散的总人数是CEPO方法未能成功疏散总人数的270%;用CEPO方法能获得实际最优疏散路径,避免出现绕远的不合理现象,有效提高高层建筑的火灾疏散效果。
In order to provide the optimal evacuation path for people and improve the emergency response capability,CEPO method based on RSA is proposed in this paper. Fire Dynamics Simulator( FDS) was used to obtain fire spreading parameters and simulate the fire spreading process,then the CEPO based on the RSA was used to optimize the evacuation path with fire real-time spreading,and Dynamic Path Optimization( DPO) method was taken to verify the effectiveness of the CEPO method. By simulating the high-rise fire evacuation process,the results show that t he total evacuation time of the CEPO method is about 8% shorter than the traditional DPO method. The total number of people who cannot successfully evacuate the DPO method is 270% of the CEPO method. The CEPO method can perform one off-line optimization to obtain the actual optimal fire evacuation path, avoiding the unreasonable phenomenon of the roundabout, and significantly improving the number of people successfully evacuated.
In order to provide the optimal evacuation path for people and improve the emergency response capability,CEPO method based on RSA is proposed in this paper. Fire Dynamics Simulator( FDS) was used to obtain fire spreading parameters and simulate the fire spreading process,then the CEPO based on the RSA was used to optimize the evacuation path with fire real-time spreading,and Dynamic Path Optimization( DPO) method was taken to verify the effectiveness of the CEPO method. By simulating the high-rise fire evacuation process,the results show that t he total evacuation time of the CEPO method is about 8% shorter than the traditional DPO method. The total number of people who cannot successfully evacuate the DPO method is 270% of the CEPO method. The CEPO method can perform one off-line optimization to obtain the actual optimal fire evacuation path, avoiding the unreasonable phenomenon of the roundabout, and significantly improving the number of people successfully evacuated.
引文
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[19]邱榕,范维澄.火灾常见有害燃烧产物的生物毒理(I)一氧化碳、氰化[J].火灾科学,2001,10(3):154-158.QIU Rong,FAN Weicheng. Biological toxicology of harmful reactive products in rire(I)carbon monoxide,hydrocyanic acid[J]. Fire Safety Science,2001,10(3):154-158.
[20]王新民,姚建,彭欣.火灾时期致命因素危害时间的研究[J].消防科学与技术,2005,4(1):28-30.WANG Xinmin,YAO Jian,PENG Xin. The deadly factor of fire period endangers the research of time[J]. Fire Science and Technology,2005,24(1):28-30.
[2]周扬,夏登友,高平.城市商业综合体建筑火灾事故演变路径分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(2):170-174.ZHOU Yang,XIA Dengyou,GAO Ping. Analysis of evolution path of urban commercial complex fire accident[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2018,28(2):170-174.
[3] MORTEN G, OLE-CHRISTOFFER G, JAZIAR R. Escape planning in realistic fire scenarios with ant colony optimization[J]. Applied Intelligence,2015,42(1):24-35.
[4] ZHAO Haifeng,STEPHAN W. A time-aware routing map for indoor evacuation[J]. Sensors,2016,16(1):112-132.
[5]何明,陈国华,杜有翔,等.基于Dijkstra算法的火灾环境下人员疏散仿真方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(12):46-51.HE Ming,CHEN Guohua,DU Youxiang,et al. Simulation method for personnel evacuation under fire based on Dijkstra[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2010,20(12):46-51.
[6] MANFRIN M,BIRATTARI M, STUTZLE T, et al. Parallel ant colony optimization for the traveling salesman problem[C]. International Workshop on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence,2006:224-234.
[7] FRIGIONI D,MARCHETTI-SPACCAMELA A,NANNI U. Fully dynamic algorithms for maintaining shortest paths trees[J]. Journal of Algorithms,2000,34:251-281.
[8]丁雨淋,何小波,朱庆,等.实时威胁态势感知的室内火灾疏散路径动态优化方法[J].测绘学科,2016,45(12):1 464-1 475.DING Yulin,HE Xiaobo,ZHU Qing,et al. A dynamic optimization method of indoor fire evacuation route based on realtime situation awareness[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(12):1 464-1 475.
[9]杜鹏桢,唐振民,孙研.一种面向对象的多角色蚁群算法及TSP问题求解[J].控制与决策,2014,29(10):1 729-1 736.DU Pengzhen,TANG Zhenmin,SUN Yan. An object-oriented multi-role ant colony optimization algorithm for solving TSP problem[J]. Control and Decision,2014,29(10):1 729-1 736.
[10] WANG Jing,ZHAO Haifeng,STEPHAN Winter. Integrating sensing,routing and timing for indoor evacuation[J]. Fire Safety Journal,2015,78:111-121.
[11] HU Xiaobing,WANG Ming,LEESON M S,et al. A Deterministic agent-based path optimization method by mimicking the spreading of ripples[J]. Evolutionary Computation,2016,24:319-346.
[12] HU Xiaobing,WANG Ming,LEESON M S,et al. A ripple-spreading algorithm for the k shortest paths problem[C].The 3rd Global Congress on Intelligent Systems(GCIS 2012),2012:202-208.
[13] HU Xiaobing,ZHANG Mingkong. Co-evolutionary path optimization by ripple-spreading algorithm[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2017,106:411-432.
[14] VIRKLER M R. Prediction and measurement of travel time along pedestrian routes[J]. Transportation Research Record,1998,36(16):37-42.
[15]胡玉玲,王飞跃,刘希未.基于ACP方法的高层建筑火灾中人员疏散策略研究[J].自动化学报,2014,40(2):185-196.HU Yuling,WANG Feiyue,LIU Xiwei. ACP-based research on evacuation strategies for high-rise building fire[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica,2014,40(2):185-196.
[16]刘毅,沈斐敏.考虑灾害实时扩散的室内火灾疏散路径选择模型[J].控制与决策,2018,33(9):1 598-1 604.LIU Yi,SHEN Feimin. Foute selection model in indoor evacuation under real effect of fire spread[J]. Control and Decision,2018,33(9):1 598-1 604.
[17]李剑乾,丁瑞金.火灾中的热对人身和财产的危害[J].消防技术与产品信息,2008(2):65-68.LI Jianqian,DING Ruijin. The detriment to life and property by heat resulting from fire[J]. Fire Technique and Products Information,2008(2):65-68.
[18]童庆杰,权高蜂,邵力.火灾事故中人的心里及行为分析[J].合肥工业大学学报:社会科学版,2004,18(3):159-162.TONG Qingjie,QUAN Gaofeng,SHAO Li. Analysis of mentality and behavior of people involved in fire disaster[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology:Social Science,2004,18(3):159-162.
[19]邱榕,范维澄.火灾常见有害燃烧产物的生物毒理(I)一氧化碳、氰化[J].火灾科学,2001,10(3):154-158.QIU Rong,FAN Weicheng. Biological toxicology of harmful reactive products in rire(I)carbon monoxide,hydrocyanic acid[J]. Fire Safety Science,2001,10(3):154-158.
[20]王新民,姚建,彭欣.火灾时期致命因素危害时间的研究[J].消防科学与技术,2005,4(1):28-30.WANG Xinmin,YAO Jian,PENG Xin. The deadly factor of fire period endangers the research of time[J]. Fire Science and Technology,2005,24(1):28-30.