清华简《说命(上)》“向”字解
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摘要
清华简《说命(上)》"王命氒(厥)百攻(工)向,以货旬(徇)求敚(悦)于邑人"句中"向"字的训释,诸家存在争议,其一释为"像",其二释为"竞",其三释为"卿"。其中,第一和第二种解释都存在问题,第三种解释正确,可以从语音、书证、语法方面证之。语音上",向"字为晓母阳部",卿"字为溪母阳部,两字可相通假。书证上,传世文献可证"向"与"鄉""、向"与"嚮"通用,而"嚮""、饗"和"卿"又为一字分化;另又有出土文献郭店简、清华简与上博简的异文对读为补证。语法上",向"释为"卿"",王命氒(厥)百攻(工)向"的语法结构则为"主语+命/令+宾语",无不妥当之处,语义上也更容易理解。
There is a dispute over the king orders hundreds of officials to look for Yue in the whole country with money and property in the literature Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Yue Ming(A). In the sentence, how to interpret the word xiang is particularly crucial. It not only concerns the meaning of the sentence, but also how it is read out.There are three main points: the first is xiang,the second is jing and the third is qing. We hold the third view and demonstrate from the aspects of phonetics, meanings, grammars and so on. This paper tries to interpret the word xiang.
There is a dispute over the king orders hundreds of officials to look for Yue in the whole country with money and property in the literature Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Yue Ming(A). In the sentence, how to interpret the word xiang is particularly crucial. It not only concerns the meaning of the sentence, but also how it is read out.There are three main points: the first is xiang,the second is jing and the third is qing. We hold the third view and demonstrate from the aspects of phonetics, meanings, grammars and so on. This paper tries to interpret the word xiang.
引文
[1]李学勤.清华大学藏战国竹简(叁)[M].上海:中西书局,2012:122.
[2]张富海.读清华简《说命》小识[C]//简帛文献与古代史—第二届出土文献青年学者国际论坛论文集.上海:中西书局,2012.
[3]王力.龙虫并雕斋文集(一)[M].北京:中华书局,1980:333.
[4]孟蓬生.《彭祖》字义疏证[J].燕赵学术,2008(01):9-14.
[5]季旭升.《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书(三)》读本[M].台北:万卷楼图书公司,2005.
[6]程薇.清华简《说命上》札记(二则)[C]//李学勤.出土文献第四辑.上海:中西书局,2013.
[7]罗振玉.殷墟书契考释[M].北京:中华书局,2006:503.
[8]高亨.古字通假会典[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1989.
(1)本文用简体行文,但文中“郷”与“嚮”等字因内容需要仍用繁体。
[2]张富海.读清华简《说命》小识[C]//简帛文献与古代史—第二届出土文献青年学者国际论坛论文集.上海:中西书局,2012.
[3]王力.龙虫并雕斋文集(一)[M].北京:中华书局,1980:333.
[4]孟蓬生.《彭祖》字义疏证[J].燕赵学术,2008(01):9-14.
[5]季旭升.《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书(三)》读本[M].台北:万卷楼图书公司,2005.
[6]程薇.清华简《说命上》札记(二则)[C]//李学勤.出土文献第四辑.上海:中西书局,2013.
[7]罗振玉.殷墟书契考释[M].北京:中华书局,2006:503.
[8]高亨.古字通假会典[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1989.
(1)本文用简体行文,但文中“郷”与“嚮”等字因内容需要仍用繁体。