抚育间伐对大兴安岭天然用材林冠层结构及光环境特征的影响
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摘要
以大兴安岭天然用材林为研究对象,利用冠层分析仪对不同抚育间伐后的冠层结构及光学特性进行测定,分析冠层结构各项指标参数之间的相关性、抚育间伐后冠层结构及光环境特征的变化情况,并运用主成分分析法对间伐后冠层结构变化进行了综合评价。结果表明:大兴安岭天然用材林主要冠层指标林隙分数、开度、叶面积指数、总定点因子和冠下总光合有效辐射通量之间有显著相关性(P<0.01),并且这些指标的相关性不受间伐强度的影响;随着间伐强度的增加,叶面积指数呈现先增加后减小的趋势,其余冠层指标林隙分数、开度、直接定点因子、总定点因子和冠下直接光合有效辐射通量及冠下总光合有效辐射通量均呈现先减小后增大的趋势;中等间伐强度能极大改善冠层结构和光分布的合理性,间伐强度为19%时抚育效果最佳。
The forest canopy geometry and understory light characters were measured with the Winscanopy. The relationship between canopy structure parameters was studied the changes of forest canopy geometry and understory light after different tending intensity,and principal component analysis method was used to make the comprehensive evaluation of canopy geometry after the cutting. The gap fraction,openness and LAI had a significant relationships with the total site factors and the PPFD under canopy,and the correlation of these indicators was not affected by the cutting intensity. With the increase of cutting intensity,the LAI was increased and then decreased,the gap fraction,openness,direct site factor,total site factor,direct PPFD under per day and total PPFD under per day were decreased and then increased. The medium cutting strength could greatly improve the rationality of the canopy structure and light distribution,and the tending effect was the best when the cutting strength of 19%.
The forest canopy geometry and understory light characters were measured with the Winscanopy. The relationship between canopy structure parameters was studied the changes of forest canopy geometry and understory light after different tending intensity,and principal component analysis method was used to make the comprehensive evaluation of canopy geometry after the cutting. The gap fraction,openness and LAI had a significant relationships with the total site factors and the PPFD under canopy,and the correlation of these indicators was not affected by the cutting intensity. With the increase of cutting intensity,the LAI was increased and then decreased,the gap fraction,openness,direct site factor,total site factor,direct PPFD under per day and total PPFD under per day were decreased and then increased. The medium cutting strength could greatly improve the rationality of the canopy structure and light distribution,and the tending effect was the best when the cutting strength of 19%.
引文
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[18]李祥.抚育强度对兴安落叶松林生长及光合作用的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[19]李祥,朱玉杰,董希斌.抚育采伐后兴安落叶松的冠层结构参数[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(2):1-5.
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[21]高明.基于抚育强度的大兴安岭用材林生态经营模式研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[2]FABIO P,ALESSANDRO P.A comparative analysis of image processing softwares to indirect estimation of leaf area index in forest ecosystems[J].Folia Oecologica,2013,40(2):225-236.
[3]赵瑾.鲜黄梨3种不同树形树冠结构特征与光照分布的研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[4]HARDIMAN B S,BOHRER G,GOUGH C M,et al.The role of canopy structural complexity in wood net primary production of a maturing northern deciduous forest[J].Ecology,2011,92(9):1818-1827.
[5]OLIVAS P C,OBERBAUER S F,CLARK D B,et al.Comparison of direct and indirect methods for assessing leaf area index across a tropical rain forest landscape[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2013,177:110-116.
[6]张彦雷,康峰峰,韩海荣,等.太岳山油松人工林冠下光环境特征与冠层结构[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):169-174.
[7]PETRIAN A M,VON LPKE B,PETRIAN I C.Influence of light availability on growth,leaf morphology and plant architecture of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.),maple(Acer pseudoplatanus L.)and ash(Fraxinus excelsior L.)saplings[J].European Journal of Forest Research,2009,128(1):61-74.
[8]KUPTZ D,GRAMS T E E,GNTER S.Light acclimation of four native tree species in felling gaps within a tropical mountain rainforest[J].Trees,2010,24(1):117-127.
[9]宋子炜,郭小平,代巍.公路绿化毛白杨群落光环境特征分析[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(4):38-42.
[10]高登涛,韩明玉,李丙智,等.冠层分析仪在苹果树冠结构光学特性方面的研究[J].西北农业学报,2006,15(3):166-170.
[11]刘德文,冯志欣,李秋梅.大兴安岭地区四种典型土壤类型的养份分析[J].森林工程,2000,16(6):9-10.
[12]BRIENEN R J W,ZUIDEMA P A,MARTINEZ-RAMOS M.Attaining the canopy in dry and moist tropical forests:strong differences in tree growth trajectories reflect variation in growing conditions[J].Oecologia,2010,163(2):485-496.
[13]DTTILO W,DYER L.Canopy openness enhances diversity of ant-plant interactions in the brazilian amazon rain forest[J].Biotropica,2014,46(6):712-719.
[14]陈婷婷,贺康宁.黄土半干旱区不同密度人工白榆林消光特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(1):209-211,215.
[15]焦树仁.科尔沁沙地针叶树造林技术研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2001(3):31-36.
[16]祁红彦,周广胜,李荣平,等.玉米群体消光系数的动态变化及其模拟[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(29):17826-17829.
[17]刘晓东,朱春全,雷静品,等.杨树人工林冠层光合辐射分布的研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(3):2-7.
[18]李祥.抚育强度对兴安落叶松林生长及光合作用的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[19]李祥,朱玉杰,董希斌.抚育采伐后兴安落叶松的冠层结构参数[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(2):1-5.
[20]刘立鑫.应用冠层分析仪对天然次生林冠层结构及光照分布的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2009.
[21]高明.基于抚育强度的大兴安岭用材林生态经营模式研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.