2011—2017年深圳某区珠宝首饰加工行业天那水挥发性化学组分分析
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摘要
[目的]分析珠宝首饰加工行业天那水挥发性化学组分,为有效开展珠宝首饰加工行业职业病危害因素监测与职业病防治工作提供参考。[方法]运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪,对从63家珠宝首饰加工企业收集到的64份天那水样品进行挥发性化学组分检测,并对结果进行汇总分析,对作业现场进行职业卫生学调查。[结果] 64份天那水样品中,共检出56种挥发性化学组分,检出率前两位的是二氯甲烷、甲醇,其检出率分别为67.19%、53.13%,此外还检出了苯、甲苯、二甲氧基甲烷、戊烷、氯甲烷、丙醇、己烷(其他异构体)、二甲基环戊烷等化学物质。挥发性化学组分在64份样品中体积分数均值最高的前三种物质为二氯甲烷(33.91%)、甲醇(7.9%)和苯(7.1%)。检测出的高风险挥发性化学组分有三氯乙烯、正己烷、1,2-二氯乙烷和苯。检出挥发性化学组分最多的一份样品含有11种组分。珠宝首饰加工行业天那水月使用量为0.5～18.0 kg;岗位的卫生工程防护设施配备率较高,超90%,但个体防护用品的配备率较低,仅21.9%。[结论]从珠宝首饰加工行业天那水挥发性化学组分职业病危害因素的数量、含量、毒理性质等方面综合分析,珠宝首饰加工行业使用的天那水中存在的职业病危害因素应当引起职业卫生监管部门和企业的重视。
[Objective] To analyze the volatile chemical compositions of thinner used in jewelry processing industry,and to provide evidence for occupational hazards monitoring and prevention of occupational diseases in jewelry processing industry.[Methods] Totally 64 thinner specimens sampled from 63 jewelry processing enterprises were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry,and the results were statistically analyzed. Occupational health field investigation was done while the thinner samples were taken. [Results] Among 64 samples,56 volatile chemical compositions were detected. The top two of detection rates were dichloromethane and methanol,and the detection rates were 67.19% and 53.13%,respectively. Other chemical compositions were benzene,methylbenzene,dimethoxymethane,pentane,methyl chloride,propyl alcohol,pexane(other isomers),dimethylcyclopentane,and so on.The first three compounds with the highest mean volume fraction of volatile chemical components in 64 samples were dichloromethane(33.91%),methanol(7.9%) and benzene(7.1%). The detected volatile chemical components with high risk included trichloroethylene,hexane,1,2-dichloroethane and benzene. It was noted that the sample with the most volatile chemical components detected contained 11 components. The field survey showed that the monthly usage of thinner in jewelry processing industry was 0.5-18.0 kg,and the rate of equipping engineering protective facilities was higher than 90%,but the rate of using individual protective equipment was only 21.9%. [Conclusion] Considering the quantity of the detected occupational hazards of volatile chemical components of thinner and their proportion and toxicity,occupational health supervision departments and enterprises should pay more attention to such occupational hazards in thinner used in Jewelry processing industry.
[Objective] To analyze the volatile chemical compositions of thinner used in jewelry processing industry,and to provide evidence for occupational hazards monitoring and prevention of occupational diseases in jewelry processing industry.[Methods] Totally 64 thinner specimens sampled from 63 jewelry processing enterprises were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry,and the results were statistically analyzed. Occupational health field investigation was done while the thinner samples were taken. [Results] Among 64 samples,56 volatile chemical compositions were detected. The top two of detection rates were dichloromethane and methanol,and the detection rates were 67.19% and 53.13%,respectively. Other chemical compositions were benzene,methylbenzene,dimethoxymethane,pentane,methyl chloride,propyl alcohol,pexane(other isomers),dimethylcyclopentane,and so on.The first three compounds with the highest mean volume fraction of volatile chemical components in 64 samples were dichloromethane(33.91%),methanol(7.9%) and benzene(7.1%). The detected volatile chemical components with high risk included trichloroethylene,hexane,1,2-dichloroethane and benzene. It was noted that the sample with the most volatile chemical components detected contained 11 components. The field survey showed that the monthly usage of thinner in jewelry processing industry was 0.5-18.0 kg,and the rate of equipping engineering protective facilities was higher than 90%,but the rate of using individual protective equipment was only 21.9%. [Conclusion] Considering the quantity of the detected occupational hazards of volatile chemical components of thinner and their proportion and toxicity,occupational health supervision departments and enterprises should pay more attention to such occupational hazards in thinner used in Jewelry processing industry.
引文
[1]冯洪杰,甘亚弟,吕玉奎.一起天那水引起的急性职业性中毒事故分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2016,26(16):2409-2411.
[2]冯简青,郭智屏,刘新霞,等. 2003—2011年中山市天那水挥发性化学成分分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2012,25(6):452-454.
[3]彭志敏,梁丽霞,林奕嘉,等.深圳市罗湖区珠宝首饰加工企业进行有机溶剂作业场所健康促进干预及其效果评价[J].职业与健康,2017,33(12):1598-1601,1605.
[4]吴邦华,张子群,陈利平,等. GC/MS法在有机溶剂挥发气体组分分析中的应用[J].中国职业医学,2003,30(5):39-40.
[5]陈焕然,邱秀珊. 2006—2012年深圳市职业病发病状况分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(4):478-480.
[6]国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 2015—2016年全国职业病报告情况[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2018,36(1):93.
[7]国家卫生计生委,人力资源社会保障部,安全监管总局,等.关于印发《职业病危害因素分类目录》的通知[A]. 2015.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素:GBZ 2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[9]刘俊玲,郑晓钧,李汉锋.汽修行业有机溶剂挥发性化学组分分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(9):1568-1571.
[10]陈浩,林艳发,钟学情. 2011—2013年深圳市龙岗区工作场所有机溶剂成分检测分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(4):474-476.
[11]杨飞飞,张海东,王瑞.二氯甲烷毒性研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(6):692-694,699.
[12]陈捷敏,王立新,夏文涛.甲醇中毒机制的研究进展[J].法医学杂志,2010,26(4):294-296.
[13]谭庆平,邱训军,刘诚,等.一起急性职业性甲醇中毒事故调查分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2014,27(2):159.
[2]冯简青,郭智屏,刘新霞,等. 2003—2011年中山市天那水挥发性化学成分分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2012,25(6):452-454.
[3]彭志敏,梁丽霞,林奕嘉,等.深圳市罗湖区珠宝首饰加工企业进行有机溶剂作业场所健康促进干预及其效果评价[J].职业与健康,2017,33(12):1598-1601,1605.
[4]吴邦华,张子群,陈利平,等. GC/MS法在有机溶剂挥发气体组分分析中的应用[J].中国职业医学,2003,30(5):39-40.
[5]陈焕然,邱秀珊. 2006—2012年深圳市职业病发病状况分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(4):478-480.
[6]国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 2015—2016年全国职业病报告情况[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2018,36(1):93.
[7]国家卫生计生委,人力资源社会保障部,安全监管总局,等.关于印发《职业病危害因素分类目录》的通知[A]. 2015.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素:GBZ 2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[9]刘俊玲,郑晓钧,李汉锋.汽修行业有机溶剂挥发性化学组分分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(9):1568-1571.
[10]陈浩,林艳发,钟学情. 2011—2013年深圳市龙岗区工作场所有机溶剂成分检测分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(4):474-476.
[11]杨飞飞,张海东,王瑞.二氯甲烷毒性研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(6):692-694,699.
[12]陈捷敏,王立新,夏文涛.甲醇中毒机制的研究进展[J].法医学杂志,2010,26(4):294-296.
[13]谭庆平,邱训军,刘诚,等.一起急性职业性甲醇中毒事故调查分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2014,27(2):159.