2011～2015年四川省实验动物质量抽检结果分析
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摘要
目的通过对2011～2015年四川地区实验动物微生物、寄生虫抽检结果的回顾和总结,为提高四川实验动物质量提供参考。方法按照现行国家实验动物检测的相关标准,对四川省内具备资质的实验动物生产单位进行抽样检测,并出具报告,对这几年四川省不同级别大小鼠、豚鼠、兔、犬、猴、小型猪等实验动物的质量进行分析。结果 4年中,每年抽检频率和抽检动物数基本稳定,SPF级大鼠2012年两家单位检出蠕虫,阳性率为22. 5%;在不同单位连续四年检出金黄色葡萄球菌,阳性率分别为5. 0%,5. 0%,40. 0%,11. 4%; 2015年有三家单位大鼠细小病毒RV株、H-1株病毒抗体成阳性,阳性率为34. 3%,28. 6%。SPF级小鼠2012、2013年分别在不同单位检出体外寄生虫,阳性率为7. 1%,12. 9%;蠕虫阳性率在2012年为10. 0%,2013年为1. 4%,2015年为7. 5%; 2011年一家单位检出肺炎克雷伯杆菌,阳性率为1. 4%。豚鼠(包括清洁级)在这几年抽检中未检出阳性。兔在2013年一家单位检出弓形虫,阳性率为10%。犬在2012年分别从两家单位检出皮肤真原菌和弓形虫,阳性率为5. 0%和2. 5%。猴2011年有两家单位检出皮肤真原菌,阳性率为9. 5%,2011、2012年同一家单位连续两年志贺菌阳性,阳性率为2. 4%,2. 5%,猕猴疱疹病毒I型2012年一家单位检出阳性,阳性率为2. 5%。2015年第一次检测实验用小型猪,只做了布氏杆菌和弓形虫,结果均为阴性。结论实验动物质量监督抽检是确保实验动物质量的重要手段,对提高四川省实验动物质量,减小与发达地区的差距,促进四川实验动物行业发展至关重要。
Objective To provide a reference for improving the quality of laboratory animals in Sichuan Province,we reviewed and summarized the results of microorganism and parasite sampling in laboratory animals in the Sichuan area from 2011 to 2015. Methods We sampled and tested the laboratory animal production units in Sichuan Province,and reported on these using current national laboratory animal guidelines. In addition,we analyzed the quality of laboratory animals of different microbiological grades in recent years within Sichuan Province,including mice,rats,guinea pigs,rabbits,dogs,monkeys,and piglets. Results the sample sizes and inspectial frenqency annually of animal samples in these 4 years were basically stable. In 2012,helminths were detected in SPF rats in two units,with a positive rate of22. 5%. The positive rates of Staphylococcus aureus were 5. 0%,5. 0%,40. 0%,and 11. 4% in different units for 4 consecutive years. In 2015,parvovirus RV and H-1 in rats were positive in three units,with positive rates of 34. 3% and28. 6%,respectively. In 2012 and 2013,ectoparasites were detected in different units of SPF mice,with positive rates of7. 1% and 12. 9%,respectively. In the helminthes inspection,the positive rate of the samples was 10% in 2012,1. 4% in2013 and 7. 5%in 2015.In 2011,Klebsiella pneumonia was positive in one unit,with a positive rate of 1. 4%. The guinea pigs samples fet the standards totally in recent years. In 2013,Toxoplasma gondii was positive in rabbits in one unit,with a positive rate of 10%. In 2012,the positive rates of pathogenic dermal fungi and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from two units were 5. 0% and 2. 5%,respectively. In 2011,the monkeys in two units tested positive for pathogenic dermal fungi,with a rate of 9. 5%. In 2011 and 2012,the same single unit tested positive for Shigella spp. for two consecutive years,with rates of 2. 4% and 2. 5%,respectively. The cercopithecine herpesvirus type 1 was found in one unit in 2012,with a positive rate of 2. 5%. In 2015,in the first examination of piglets,only Brucella and Toxoplasma were tested,with a negative result.Conclusions Quality monitoring and sampling inspection of laboratory animals are important to guarantee the quality of laboratory animals. They also play a vital role in improving the quality of laboratory animals in Sichuan Province,reducing the differences between Sichuan and developed area,and promoting the development of the Sichuan laboratory animal industry.
Objective To provide a reference for improving the quality of laboratory animals in Sichuan Province,we reviewed and summarized the results of microorganism and parasite sampling in laboratory animals in the Sichuan area from 2011 to 2015. Methods We sampled and tested the laboratory animal production units in Sichuan Province,and reported on these using current national laboratory animal guidelines. In addition,we analyzed the quality of laboratory animals of different microbiological grades in recent years within Sichuan Province,including mice,rats,guinea pigs,rabbits,dogs,monkeys,and piglets. Results the sample sizes and inspectial frenqency annually of animal samples in these 4 years were basically stable. In 2012,helminths were detected in SPF rats in two units,with a positive rate of22. 5%. The positive rates of Staphylococcus aureus were 5. 0%,5. 0%,40. 0%,and 11. 4% in different units for 4 consecutive years. In 2015,parvovirus RV and H-1 in rats were positive in three units,with positive rates of 34. 3% and28. 6%,respectively. In 2012 and 2013,ectoparasites were detected in different units of SPF mice,with positive rates of7. 1% and 12. 9%,respectively. In the helminthes inspection,the positive rate of the samples was 10% in 2012,1. 4% in2013 and 7. 5%in 2015.In 2011,Klebsiella pneumonia was positive in one unit,with a positive rate of 1. 4%. The guinea pigs samples fet the standards totally in recent years. In 2013,Toxoplasma gondii was positive in rabbits in one unit,with a positive rate of 10%. In 2012,the positive rates of pathogenic dermal fungi and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from two units were 5. 0% and 2. 5%,respectively. In 2011,the monkeys in two units tested positive for pathogenic dermal fungi,with a rate of 9. 5%. In 2011 and 2012,the same single unit tested positive for Shigella spp. for two consecutive years,with rates of 2. 4% and 2. 5%,respectively. The cercopithecine herpesvirus type 1 was found in one unit in 2012,with a positive rate of 2. 5%. In 2015,in the first examination of piglets,only Brucella and Toxoplasma were tested,with a negative result.Conclusions Quality monitoring and sampling inspection of laboratory animals are important to guarantee the quality of laboratory animals. They also play a vital role in improving the quality of laboratory animals in Sichuan Province,reducing the differences between Sichuan and developed area,and promoting the development of the Sichuan laboratory animal industry.
引文
[1] GB14922. 1-2001.实验动物寄生虫学等级及监测[s].2001.
[2] GB14922. 2-2001.实验动物微生物学等级及监测[s].2001.
[3] GB14922. 2-2011.实验动物微生物学等级及监测[s].2011.
[4]凌巍.金黄色葡萄球菌的分布及其肠毒素基因的研究[D].河北农业大学,2007.
[5]邓泽静,李毅,洪程基,等.食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况及其毒素检测[J].浙江预防医学,2011,23(2):92-94.
[6]宁磊.影响实验动物质量和动物试验结果的因素分析[J].微生物学免疫学进展,2011,39(1):48-52.
[7]王莉,刘军须,王瑜,等.清洁级小鼠科学饲养管理措施探讨[J].医学动物防制,2010,26(7):605-607.
[8]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检疫检疫总局.GB/T 14922. 2-2011实验动物微生物学等级及监测[S].2011:1-6.
[9]葛文平,张旭,高翔,等.我国商业化SPF级小鼠病原体污染分析[J].中国比较医学杂志,2012,22(3):65-68.
[10]张丽芳.实验动物细菌学监测工作中存在的问题及建议[J].中国比较医学杂志,2011,21(8):74-78.
[11]佟巍.国内外实验动物病毒检测的比较[J].中国比较医学杂志,2012,22(11):10-15.
[12]魏杰,林建伟,付瑞,等.2009-2013年北京地区实验动物质量抽检结果分析[J].实验动物科学,2014,31(02):1-6.
[2] GB14922. 2-2001.实验动物微生物学等级及监测[s].2001.
[3] GB14922. 2-2011.实验动物微生物学等级及监测[s].2011.
[4]凌巍.金黄色葡萄球菌的分布及其肠毒素基因的研究[D].河北农业大学,2007.
[5]邓泽静,李毅,洪程基,等.食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况及其毒素检测[J].浙江预防医学,2011,23(2):92-94.
[6]宁磊.影响实验动物质量和动物试验结果的因素分析[J].微生物学免疫学进展,2011,39(1):48-52.
[7]王莉,刘军须,王瑜,等.清洁级小鼠科学饲养管理措施探讨[J].医学动物防制,2010,26(7):605-607.
[8]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检疫检疫总局.GB/T 14922. 2-2011实验动物微生物学等级及监测[S].2011:1-6.
[9]葛文平,张旭,高翔,等.我国商业化SPF级小鼠病原体污染分析[J].中国比较医学杂志,2012,22(3):65-68.
[10]张丽芳.实验动物细菌学监测工作中存在的问题及建议[J].中国比较医学杂志,2011,21(8):74-78.
[11]佟巍.国内外实验动物病毒检测的比较[J].中国比较医学杂志,2012,22(11):10-15.
[12]魏杰,林建伟,付瑞,等.2009-2013年北京地区实验动物质量抽检结果分析[J].实验动物科学,2014,31(02):1-6.