文化浸入与要素耦合:世界一流学科组织化建设策略——以中美两所大学材料学科为比较案例
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摘要
学科投入要素配置在一流学科组织化建设中发挥着基础和核心作用。一流学科组织化建设包含了培养目标、课程体系、师资团队、科研基地、学术治理结构五个要素组成的学科投入要素集合。在比较中美两所一流大学的一流学科——材料科学与工程学科建设要素基础上,发现一流学科组织化建设具有鲜明的文化浸入特征,投入要素之间相互耦合且与学科软件环境充分融合。因此,世界一流学科组织化建设需要从确定学科特色、科学测量学科投入产出效率、兼顾中国特色与国际标准三方面着手。
The allocation strategy of input factors of a discipline is fundamental and important to disciplinary organization.Training target,course system,teaching faculty,scientific research base and academic governance structure form a collection of key factors,which is the center of the organizational construction of first-class discipline.In the comparison of two schools of material science and engineering at home and abroad,we find that the input factors of the discipline have distinctive cultural characteristics,and they are coordinating with each other and fully mixed with soft environment.Therefore,in the organizational construction of world-class discipline,it is needed to start from three aspects,which are defining the characteristics of the discipline,measuring the input and output efficiency of the discipline,and taking into account Chinese characteristics and international standards at the same time.
The allocation strategy of input factors of a discipline is fundamental and important to disciplinary organization.Training target,course system,teaching faculty,scientific research base and academic governance structure form a collection of key factors,which is the center of the organizational construction of first-class discipline.In the comparison of two schools of material science and engineering at home and abroad,we find that the input factors of the discipline have distinctive cultural characteristics,and they are coordinating with each other and fully mixed with soft environment.Therefore,in the organizational construction of world-class discipline,it is needed to start from three aspects,which are defining the characteristics of the discipline,measuring the input and output efficiency of the discipline,and taking into account Chinese characteristics and international standards at the same time.
引文
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[17]刘小强,孙桂珍.“双一流”建设背景下地方高校学科建设的机制创新---基于江西师范大学学科建设“六定”工作的反思[J].学位与研究生教育,2017(11):31-32.
[18]薛玉香,黄文浩.以投入产出比重新审视高校重点学科建设绩效评估[J].中国高教研究,2010(4):38-40.
[19]史静寰.“形”与“神”:兼谈中国特色世界一流大学建设之路[J].中国高教研究,2018(3):11-12.
[2]凌健.学科“组织化”:介入世界一流学科建设的路径选择[J].中国高教研究,2016(5):10-13.
[3]俞冰.大学组织要素与优化研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2010:8-9.
[4](美)伯顿·R·克拉克.高等教育系统---学术组织的跨国研究[M].王承绪,等译.杭州:杭州大学出版社,1994:33-35.
[5]宣勇,凌健.大学学科组织化建设:价值与路径[J].教育研究,2009(8):31-37.
[6]李志峰,汪洋.卡内基梅隆大学本科课程体系:核心要素与实践逻辑[J].现代教育管理,2017(6):101-105.
[7]张继龙,陈廷柱.大学的学院学术治理现状及其改进---基于24所本科院校的调查[J].清华大学教育研究,2017,38(4):94-100.
[8]欧伟强,朱斌.四维理论模型下主流与新流创新要素优化配置研究[J].科技进步与对策,2018(5):34-41.
[9]武建鑫.学科生态系统:论世界一流学科的生产基质---基于组织生态学的理论建构[J].江苏高教,2017(4):7-14.
[10]Stephen B.Adams.Follow the Money:Engineering at Stanford and UC Berkeley During the Rise of Silicon Valley[J].Minerva,2009,47(4):368-369.
[11]Zhen Ma,Jason Wang,Peter Loskill,Nathaniel Huebsch,etc.Self-organizing human cardiac microchambers mediated by geometric confinement[J].Nature Communications,2015(6):1-2.
[12]Glenn Roberts Jr.X-Rays Reveal‘Handedness’in Swirling Electric Vortices[N].Berkeley Lab,2018-01-15.
[13]王悦,等.面向工程的工科学术型硕士研究生课程教学研究---基于MIT与北航航空航天专业的比较分析[J].学位与研究生教育,2015(3):73-77.
[14]Lesia Bilitchenko,Adam Liu,Sherine Cheung,Emma Weeding,etc.Eugene-A Domain Specific Language for Specifying and Constraining Synthetic Biological Parts,Devices,and Systems[J].PLoS ONE,2011,6(4):1-5.
[15]Sarah Yang.Scientists Help Thin-Film Ferroelectrics Go Extreme[N].Berkeley Lab,2017-05-10.
[16]Martin Kenneya,W.Richard Goeb.The role of social embeddedness in professorial entrepreneurship:a comparison of electrical engineering and computer science at UC Berkeley and Stanford[J].Research Policy,2004(33):692-695.
[17]刘小强,孙桂珍.“双一流”建设背景下地方高校学科建设的机制创新---基于江西师范大学学科建设“六定”工作的反思[J].学位与研究生教育,2017(11):31-32.
[18]薛玉香,黄文浩.以投入产出比重新审视高校重点学科建设绩效评估[J].中国高教研究,2010(4):38-40.
[19]史静寰.“形”与“神”:兼谈中国特色世界一流大学建设之路[J].中国高教研究,2018(3):11-12.