黄海中部泥质区沉积物中重金属的长期变化及其背景值的校正
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摘要
为校正黄海中部泥质区沉积物中重金属的长期变化及其背景值,对采自黄海中部泥质区A03站位沉积剖面的年代学测定、比表面积和重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd和Zn)进行了测定,并在假定第一次工业革命以前的沉积环境基本未受污染的前提下,建立了其比表面积与重金属背景值的函数模型,进而反推出单位比表面积下重金属的长期变化特征。将重金属含量实测值和校正后单位比表面积下重金属含量长期变化比较发现,前者毫无规律可言,后者则在20世纪50年代以前,基本处于重金属含量背景值的合理波动范围之内,此后,逐渐背离背景值至今。可以推断,A03站位所代表的黄海中部泥质区受到外源重金属污染的起始年份约为1950年,4种重金属Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn单位比表面积下的背景值分别为26.31、22.11、0.20、63.21mg/kg。许多研究表明,沉积环境的外源性污染、沉积颗粒的表面活性和粒度是重金属含量偏离背景值的3个主要原因。本研究应用相同沉积剖面,建立了第一次工业革命以前的比表面积与重金属背景值的函数模型,并对重金属含量的实测值进行了有效校正,无疑是能够同时满足上述3个主要条件的。研究表明,实际操作中,采取不同沉积类型区域,建立相应的重金属背景校正值,也是可行的。
In order to calibration the long-term change of heavy metal content and the heavy metal background in the muddy area of the middle Yellow Sea sediment of China, we combined with the contents of heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn), 210 Pb data and the specific surface area(SS) of core A03 from the Huanghai Sea to structure the function models of the heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) background. With the function models, we calculated the long-term change of the content of the heavy metals in the same SS in core A03. We compared with the content of the heavy metals in the same SS versus the content of heavy metals, showed a obvious demarcation point between them, in 100 cm. The trend is similar with a ideal sediment profile, which means that the starting point of contamination is around 100 cm. Calculated by deposition rate, the sediment age in the 100 cm of the core is much older than 200 years. The average value of heavy metal contents under a single specific surface area(SS) below 100 cm without human pollution is taken as the background value of heavy metal Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn at station A03. The background of them are 26.31 mg/kg, 22.11 mg/kg, 0.20 mg/kg and 63.21 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the nearby sea area, the background of heavy metals is similar. Compared with historical events, the variation characteristics of the heavy metals content under a single specific surface area correspond to major coastal historical events, which means that the estimation reduced the impacts from the provenance and particle characteristics of the sediments on the heavy metals content and that it provides a reference useful for increasing the veracity of evaluation of heavy metals contamination.
In order to calibration the long-term change of heavy metal content and the heavy metal background in the muddy area of the middle Yellow Sea sediment of China, we combined with the contents of heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn), 210 Pb data and the specific surface area(SS) of core A03 from the Huanghai Sea to structure the function models of the heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) background. With the function models, we calculated the long-term change of the content of the heavy metals in the same SS in core A03. We compared with the content of the heavy metals in the same SS versus the content of heavy metals, showed a obvious demarcation point between them, in 100 cm. The trend is similar with a ideal sediment profile, which means that the starting point of contamination is around 100 cm. Calculated by deposition rate, the sediment age in the 100 cm of the core is much older than 200 years. The average value of heavy metal contents under a single specific surface area(SS) below 100 cm without human pollution is taken as the background value of heavy metal Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn at station A03. The background of them are 26.31 mg/kg, 22.11 mg/kg, 0.20 mg/kg and 63.21 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the nearby sea area, the background of heavy metals is similar. Compared with historical events, the variation characteristics of the heavy metals content under a single specific surface area correspond to major coastal historical events, which means that the estimation reduced the impacts from the provenance and particle characteristics of the sediments on the heavy metals content and that it provides a reference useful for increasing the veracity of evaluation of heavy metals contamination.
引文
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Zhang L,Qin YW,Zheng BH,et al.Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in sediments from typical areas in the Bohai Sea.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(8):1676-1684[张雷,秦延文,郑丙辉,等.环渤海典型海域潮间带沉积物中重金属分布特征及污染评价.环境科学学报,2011,31(8):1676-1684]
Zhang R,Zhang F,Ding Y,et al.Historical trends in the anthropogenic heavy metal levels in the tidal flat sediments of Lianyungang,China.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(7):1458-1468
Zhang XY,Yang Q,Sun Y,et al.The distribution of phosphorus forms and bioavailability in sediments from Huang Dong Hai continental shelf.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(11):3509-3519[张小勇,杨茜,孙耀,等.黄东海陆架区沉积物中磷的形态分布及生物可利用性.生态学报,2013,33(11):3509-3519]
Bing HJ,Wu YH,Naha WH,et al.Accumulation of heavy metals in the lacustrine sediment of Longgan Lake,middle reaches of Yangtze River,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(8):2679-2689
Choi MS,Yi HI,Yang SY,et al.Identification of Pb sources in Yellow Sea sediments using stable Pb isotope ratios.Marine Chemistry,2007,107(2):255-274
Fukue M,Yanai M,Sato Y,et al.Background values for evaluation of heavy metal contamination in sediments.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,136(1):111-119
Garcia CAB,Barreto MS,Passosa EA,et al.Regional geochemical baselines and controlling factors for trace metals in sediments from the Poxim River,Northeast Brazil.Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society,2009,20(7):1334-1342
Katahira K,Ishitake M,Moriwaki H,et al.Method for the estimation of the past illegal dumping recorded in a sediment core.Water Air and Soil Pollution,2007,179(1-4):197-206.
Lin CY,Wang J,Liu SQ,et al.Geochemical baseline and distribution of cobalt,manganese,and vanadium in the Liao River Watershed sediments of China.Geosciences Journal,2013,17(4):455-464
Liu BL,Bi SY,Dong DM,et al,Background values of certain heavy metal elements in the sediments of the upper reach of Songhua River.Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2014,36(4):454-459[刘宝林,毕淑云,董德明,等.松花江上游水体沉积物中若干重金属元素的自然背景值.吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(4):454-459]
Liu S,Shi X,Liu Y,et al.Concentration distribution and assessment of heavy metals in sediments of mud area from inner continental shelf of the East China Sea.Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64(2):567-579
Na CK,Park HJ.Distribution of heavy metals in tidal flat sediments and their bioaccumulation in the crab Macrophthalmus japonicas,in the coastal areas of Korea.Geosciences Journal,2012,16(2):153-164
Peng XQ,Xiang LH,Guo N,et al.Sources identification and hazardous risk delineation of heavy metals contamination in surface sediments in the southern of the South Yellow Sea.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(11):3628-3638[彭修强,项立辉,郭娜,等.南黄海南部海域表层沉积物重金属来源解析及风险评价.环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3628-3638]
Sun Q,Liu T,Di B,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution of trace metals in sediments from the northern Yellow Sea coast,China:Implications for regional anthropogenic processes.Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,66(3):697-705
Teng YG,Ni SJ,Wang JS,et al.Geochemical baseline of trace elements in the sedimentin Dexing area,South China.Environmetal Geology,2009,57(7):1649-1660
Wan DJ,Song L,Yang JS,et al.Increasing heavy metals in the background atmosphere of central North China since the1980s:Evidence from a 200-year lake sediment record.Atmospheric Environment,2016,138:183-190
Wang LM,Li GX,Gao F,et al.Sediment records of environmental changes in the south end of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area during the past 100 years.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2014,32(4):899-908
Yang Q,Xia B,Sun Y,et al.The temporal and spatial distribution of mercury and arsenic in the central Bohai Sea.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016a,37(4):54-59[杨茜,夏斌,孙耀,等.渤海中部海域水体中Hg、As的时空分布特征.渔业科学进展,2016a,37(4):54-59]
Yang Q,Xia B,Yang S,et al.Normalization and spatial distribution of mercury in the sediments and seawater of the central Bohai Sea.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016b,37(4):49-53[杨茜,夏斌,杨庶,等.渤海中部海域沉积物中Hg的校正及其空间分布特征.渔业科学进展,2016b,37(4):49-53]
Zhang L,Qin YW,Zheng BH,et al.Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in sediments from typical areas in the Bohai Sea.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(8):1676-1684[张雷,秦延文,郑丙辉,等.环渤海典型海域潮间带沉积物中重金属分布特征及污染评价.环境科学学报,2011,31(8):1676-1684]
Zhang R,Zhang F,Ding Y,et al.Historical trends in the anthropogenic heavy metal levels in the tidal flat sediments of Lianyungang,China.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(7):1458-1468
Zhang XY,Yang Q,Sun Y,et al.The distribution of phosphorus forms and bioavailability in sediments from Huang Dong Hai continental shelf.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(11):3509-3519[张小勇,杨茜,孙耀,等.黄东海陆架区沉积物中磷的形态分布及生物可利用性.生态学报,2013,33(11):3509-3519]
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