多元目标导向下的成都中心城区绿地生态网络构建
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摘要
基于形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)方法和景观连通性指数,以成都市三环内区域为研究对象,筛选研究区内维持景观连通性最重要的核心斑块作为绿地网络的生态源地;耦合最小累积阻力模型(MCR),最小成本路径方法和重力模型,提取研究区内重要生态廊道,利用中介中心度识别踏脚石斑块,构建研究区优化的绿地生态网络。结果表明:利用MSPA方法可识别研究区内景观结构的核心区及连接桥区;利用景观连通性指数可筛选出具有重要连通性的12个核心绿地斑块作为生态源地。基于MCR模型与最小路径方法识别出的潜在绿地生态网络表明研究区南部、北部以及西南部存在生态廊道,但密集程度较小,东、西部区域生态廊道较少,生态网络结构完善度较差。利用绿地斑块的中介作用选取包括沙河公园在内的13个踏脚石斑块可构建出较为合理的研究区绿地生态网络。相比于其他城市绿地生态网络构建技术,该方法更科学,对城市绿地生态网络优化也更具参考和借鉴意义。
The research took the third ring area of Chengdu as a case study and used the morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA) method and landscape connectivity index to identify the most important core patches which maintain landscape connectivity.Then the key corridors were developed using MCR model,the least-cost path method and Gravity model and step stones were identified by using betweeness centrality.Finally,a plan to optimize the ecological network in the study area was put forward.This research indicated that the cores and bridges of ecological networks could be identified through the MSPA method and that landscape connectivity index could effectively extract 12 key core patches as ecological sources in greenspace network.The potential ecological network identified through the MCR model and the least-cost path method indicated that a certain number of ecological corridors were connected in the south,north and southwest part of the study area,but the density of the corridors was relatively small.There were few corridors connecting in the eastern and western parts of the study area;the ecological network was not perfect.On this basis,using the betweeness centrality of green patches,the 13 stepping stones such as Shahe park were selected to construct a reasonable ecological network of green areas in the study area.Compared with other urban green ecological network construction techniques,this method is more scientific and has more significant reference for urban green ecological network optimization.
The research took the third ring area of Chengdu as a case study and used the morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA) method and landscape connectivity index to identify the most important core patches which maintain landscape connectivity.Then the key corridors were developed using MCR model,the least-cost path method and Gravity model and step stones were identified by using betweeness centrality.Finally,a plan to optimize the ecological network in the study area was put forward.This research indicated that the cores and bridges of ecological networks could be identified through the MSPA method and that landscape connectivity index could effectively extract 12 key core patches as ecological sources in greenspace network.The potential ecological network identified through the MCR model and the least-cost path method indicated that a certain number of ecological corridors were connected in the south,north and southwest part of the study area,but the density of the corridors was relatively small.There were few corridors connecting in the eastern and western parts of the study area;the ecological network was not perfect.On this basis,using the betweeness centrality of green patches,the 13 stepping stones such as Shahe park were selected to construct a reasonable ecological network of green areas in the study area.Compared with other urban green ecological network construction techniques,this method is more scientific and has more significant reference for urban green ecological network optimization.
引文
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[13]王海珍,张利权.基于GIS,景观格局和网络分析法的厦门本岛生态网络规划[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(1):144-152.WANG Haizhen,ZHANG Liquan.A GIS,landscape pattern and network analysis based planning of ecological network for Xiamen island[J].Acta Phytoecol Sin,2005,29(1):144-152.
[2]LI Feng,WANG Rusong,PAULUSSEN J,et al.Comprehensive concept planning of urban greening based on ecological principles:a case study in Beijing,China[J].Landscape Urban Plann,2005,72(4):325-336.
[3]MAHMOUD A H A,El-SAYED M A.Development of sustainable urban green areas in Egyptian new cities:the case of El-Sadat City[J].Landscape Urban Plann,2011,101(2):157-170.
[4]李晖,易娜,姚文璟,等.基于景观安全格局的香格里拉县生态用地规划[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5928-5936.LI Hui,YI Na,YAO Wenjing,et al.Shangri-La county ecological land use planning based on landscape security pattern[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2011,31(20):5928-5936.
[5]VOGT P,RIITTERS K H,ESTREGUIL C,et al.Mapping spatial patterns with morphological image processing[J]Landscape Ecol,2007,22(2):171-177.
[6]许峰,尹海伟,孔繁华,等.基于MSPA与最小路径方法的巴中西部新城生态网络构建[J].生态学报,2015,35(19):6425-6434.XU Feng,YIN Haiwei,KONG Fanhua,et al.Developing ecological networks based on mspa and the least-cost path method:a case study in bazhong western new district[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2015,35(19):6425-6434.
[7]WICKHAM J D,RIITTERS K H,WADE T G,et al.A national assessment of green infrastructure and change for the conterminous United States using morphological image processing[J].Landscape Urban Plann,2010,94(3/4):186-195.
[8]WEBER T,SLOAN A,WOLF J.Maryland's green infrastructure assessment:development of a comprehensive approach to land conservation[J].Landscape Urban Plann,2006,77(1/2):94-110.
[9]KONG Fanhua,YIN Haiwei,NAKAGOSHI N,et al.Urban green space network development for biodiversity conservation:identification based on graph theory and gravity modeling[J].Landscape Urban Plann,2010,95(1/2):16-27.
[10]吴健生,张理卿,彭建,等.深圳市景观生态安全格局源地综合识别[J].生态学报,2013,33(13):4125-4133.WU Jiansheng,ZHANG Liqing,PENG Jian,et al.The integrated recognition of the source area of the urban ecological security pattern in Shenzhen[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2013,33(13):4125-4133.
[11]SAURA S.Effects of remote sensor spatial resolution and data aggregation on selected fragmentation indices[J]Landscape Ecol,2004,19(2):197-209.
[12]陈竹安,况达,危小建,等.基于MSPA与MCR模型的余江县生态网络构建[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(8):1199-1207.CHEN Zhu’an,KUANG Da,WEI Xiaojian,et al.Development ecological networks based on MSPA and MCR:a case study in Yujiang county[J].Resour Environ Yangtze Basin,2017,26(8):1199-1207.
[13]王海珍,张利权.基于GIS,景观格局和网络分析法的厦门本岛生态网络规划[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(1):144-152.WANG Haizhen,ZHANG Liquan.A GIS,landscape pattern and network analysis based planning of ecological network for Xiamen island[J].Acta Phytoecol Sin,2005,29(1):144-152.