崩落法开采“悬留”大型采空区协同处置技术研究
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摘要
无底柱分段崩落法主要通过崩落上覆围岩处理采空区,对于未冒落充填完毕的大型"悬留"采空区,其地压安全问题未得到根本解除。该类空区的体积范围达到一定程度后,易发生突然冒落失稳,产生较大冲击地压,对于井下人员及生产安全造成了重大威胁。以谢尔塔拉铁锌矿的"悬留"大型采空区为例,构建了一整套协同处置技术,分别采用数值模拟方法对其稳定性进行分析,采用封闭加井筒泄压方式处理采空区,同时构建了先进的微震监测网络,对岩层移动及采空区稳定性进行全天候跟踪监测分析和预警,实现了对空区的有效管控,对于存在该类"悬留"空区的矿山提供了可行的处置方案。
The non-pillar sublevel caving method mainly treats the goaf by caving overlying surrounding rock,and for large"left over"goaf that have not been filled up,the issue of ground pressure safety has not been fundamentally lifted.When the volume of the goaf reaches a certain level,it is prone to cause sudden collapse and instability,resulting in a large impact pressure.It poses a major threat to personnel and production safety in the mine. Taking the "left over" goaf of Xieertala Pb-Zn Mine as the study example,a set of collaborative disposal technology is established to analyze its stability by means of numerical simulation and treat the goaf by means of closed shaft to relieve pressure.At the same time,an advanced microseismic monitoring network is built to conduct all-weather tracking monitoring analysis and early warning to rock movement and goaf stability,and the goal of risk menagement and control for "left over" goal with large scale is realized.The above study results can provide a reliable disposal plan for mines with large-scale "left over" goaf.
The non-pillar sublevel caving method mainly treats the goaf by caving overlying surrounding rock,and for large"left over"goaf that have not been filled up,the issue of ground pressure safety has not been fundamentally lifted.When the volume of the goaf reaches a certain level,it is prone to cause sudden collapse and instability,resulting in a large impact pressure.It poses a major threat to personnel and production safety in the mine. Taking the "left over" goaf of Xieertala Pb-Zn Mine as the study example,a set of collaborative disposal technology is established to analyze its stability by means of numerical simulation and treat the goaf by means of closed shaft to relieve pressure.At the same time,an advanced microseismic monitoring network is built to conduct all-weather tracking monitoring analysis and early warning to rock movement and goaf stability,and the goal of risk menagement and control for "left over" goal with large scale is realized.The above study results can provide a reliable disposal plan for mines with large-scale "left over" goaf.
引文
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[12]李庶林,胡静云,周爱民,等.崩落法上覆厚大岩层崩落及破裂特性综合研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016(9):1730-1739.Li Shulin,Hu Jingyun,Zhou Aimin,et al.Study on caving and rupture characteristics of overlying strata in caving method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 2016(9):1730-1739.
[2]王昌汉.放矿学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1982.Wang Canghan.Ore drawing Science[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1982.
[3]解世俊.金属矿床地下开采[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006.Xie Shijun.Metal Deposit Mining Underground[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2006.
[4]胡杏保.低贫化放矿工艺现状及应用前景[J].金属矿山,2002(1):16-18.Hu Xingbao.Technology status and application prospect of low dilution ore drawing[J].Metal Mine,2002(1):16-18.
[5]胡杏保,牛有奎.无底柱分段崩落法合理放矿方式探讨[J].金属矿山,2004(2):8-10.Hu Xingbao,Niu Youkui.Reasonable ore drawing investigate of pillarless sublevel caving[J].Metal Mine,2004(2):8-10.
[6]Cundall P A,Strack O D L.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J].Geotechnique,1979,29(1):47-65.
[7]李鸿昌.矿山压力的相似模拟试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1988.Li Hongcang.Similar Simulation Experiment of Mine Pressure[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology Press,1988.
[8]陈育民.FLAC\FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2009.Chen Yumin.FLAC\FLAC3DFoundation and Engineering Examples[M].Beijing:Water Resources and Hydropower Press,2009.
[9]王运敏,陆玉根,孙国权,等.崩落法深部开采岩移及地表塌陷规律分析研究[J].金属矿山,2015(6):6-10.Wang Yunmin,Lu Yugen,Sun Guoquan,et al.Study on the law of rock movement and surface subsidence by deep mining with sublevel caving[J].Metal Mine,2015(6):6-10.
[10]胡静云,李庶林,林峰,等.特大采空区上覆岩层地压与地表塌陷灾害监测研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):1117-1124.Hu Jingyun,Li Shulin,Lin Feng,et al.Study on ground pressure and surface subsidence disaster monitoring of overburden strata in large goaf area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(4):1117-1124.
[11]徐炜,蔺朝晖,李金恩,等.大红山铁矿地压微震监测技术的探讨[J].现代矿业,2012(9):146-147.Xu Wei,Lin Zhaohui,Li Jinen,et al.Investigation on micro-earthquake monitoring technology of Dahongshan Iron Mine[J].Modern Mining,2012(9):146-147.
[12]李庶林,胡静云,周爱民,等.崩落法上覆厚大岩层崩落及破裂特性综合研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016(9):1730-1739.Li Shulin,Hu Jingyun,Zhou Aimin,et al.Study on caving and rupture characteristics of overlying strata in caving method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 2016(9):1730-1739.