考虑本质安全的换热网络多目标优化
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摘要
由于国内外重大化工事故的频发及化工行业节能降耗的需求日益迫切,研究本质更安全的换热网络多目标优化具有重要意义。采用评价指数的方法,对换热网络的本质安全易爆性、毒性、存量进行量化表征。采用数学规划法分别建立换热网络经济与本质安全易爆性、毒性、存量同步优化数学模型。采用归一化法构建经济和安全的目标函数。通过算例研究发现,考虑易爆性,倾向于不易爆流股间换热,减少易爆流股换热次数;考虑毒性,倾向于减少有毒流股流经换热器的次数;考虑存量倾向于减少换热网络的总存量。最后综合考虑易爆性、毒性、存量作为安全指标与经济同步优化,通过算例研究表明,多目标优化的最优换热网络在很大程度上取决于经济权重的选取。
Due to the frequent occurrence of major chemical accidents at home and abroad and the increasing demand for energy saving and consumption reduction in the chemical industry, it is of great significance to study multi-objective optimization of heat exchanger networks(HEN) with more secure nature. Evaluation index method was employed to quantify the inherent safety explosiveness, toxicity and inventory for the HEN. Mathematical programming was used to establish a mathematical model of HEN synthesis considering inherent safety.Normalization method was used to obtain the objective function of economy and safety. The case study shows that when explosiveness index is considered, the heat exchange among safer process streams is preferred. When toxicity index is considered, the heat exchangers with toxic process streams are preferred to be eliminated. When inventory index is considered, the number and area of heat exchangers are preferred to be reduced. Then the explosiveness,toxicity, inventory and economy of HEN was optimized simultaneously. And the case study shows that the optimal HEN relies strongly on the selection of economic weight in the proposed objective function.
Due to the frequent occurrence of major chemical accidents at home and abroad and the increasing demand for energy saving and consumption reduction in the chemical industry, it is of great significance to study multi-objective optimization of heat exchanger networks(HEN) with more secure nature. Evaluation index method was employed to quantify the inherent safety explosiveness, toxicity and inventory for the HEN. Mathematical programming was used to establish a mathematical model of HEN synthesis considering inherent safety.Normalization method was used to obtain the objective function of economy and safety. The case study shows that when explosiveness index is considered, the heat exchange among safer process streams is preferred. When toxicity index is considered, the heat exchangers with toxic process streams are preferred to be eliminated. When inventory index is considered, the number and area of heat exchangers are preferred to be reduced. Then the explosiveness,toxicity, inventory and economy of HEN was optimized simultaneously. And the case study shows that the optimal HEN relies strongly on the selection of economic weight in the proposed objective function.
引文
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[7]Vaughen B K,Klein J A.What you don't manage will leak:a tribute to Trevor Kletz[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2012,90(5):411-418.
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[11]Hafizan A M,Alwi S R W,Abd Manan Z,et al.Optimal heat exchanger network synthesis with operability and safety considerations[J].Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,2016,18(8):2381-2400.
[12]Diaz-Ovalle C,Vázquez-Román R,Mannan M S.An approach to solve the facility layout problem based on the worst-case scenario[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2010,23(3):385-392.
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[14]Vazquez-Roman R,Inchaurregui-Mendez J A,Mannan M S.Agrid-based facilities allocation approach with safety and optimal heat exchanger networks synthesis[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,2015,80:92-100.
[15]Jung S H,Ng D,Lee J H,et al.An approach for risk reduction(methodology)based on optimizing the facility layout and siting in toxic gas release scenarios[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2010,23(1):139-148.
[16]Diaz-Ovalle C,Vazquez-Roman R,Mannan M S.An approach to solve the facility layout problem based on the worst-case scenario[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2010,23(3):385-392.
[17]Inchaurregui-Mendez J A,Vazquez-Roman R,Ponce-Ortega JM,et al.A heat exchanger networks synthesis approach based on inherent safety[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering Research Updates,2015,2(1):22-29.
[18]Inchaurregui-Mendez J A,Vazquez-Roman R,Ponce-Ortega JM,et al.Optimal safe layouts with heat exchanger networks synthesis having isothermal process streams[C]//DeRademacher E,Schmelzer P.15th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion(Loss 2016).Milano,Italy:Aidic Servizi Srl,2016:655-660.
[19]Nemet A,Lee K,Klemes J J,et al.Safety analysis embedded in total site synthesis[C]//Varbanov P S,Klemes J J,Alwi S R W,Yong J Y,Liu X.PRES15:Process Integration,Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction.Milano,Italy:Aidic Servizi Srl,2015:121-126.
[20]Nemet A,Klemes J J,Moon I,et al.Synthesis of safer heat exchanger networks[J].Chemical Engineering Transactions,2017,56:1885-1890.
[21]Nemet A,Klemes J J,Kravanja Z.Heat exchanger network synthesis considering risk assessment for entire network lifetime[J].Chemical Engineering Transactions,2017,57:307-312.
[22]Nemet A,Klemes J J,Moon I,et al.Safety analysis embedded in heat exchanger network synthesis[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,2017,107:357-380.
[23]Nemet A,Klemes J J,Kravanja Z.Process synthesis with simultaneously considered inherent safety[J].Chemical Engineering Transactions,2017,61:1555-1560.
[24]Edwards D W,Lawrence D.Assessing the inherent safety of chemical process routes-is there a relation between plant costs and inherent safety[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,1993,71(B4):252-258.
[25]Heikkila A M.Inherent safety in process plant design:an indexbased approach[D].Espoo:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland,1999.
[26]Palaniappan C,Srinivasan R,Tan R.Expert system for the design of inherently safer processes(1):Route selection stage[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2002,41(26):6698-6710.
[27]Palaniappan C,Srinivasan R,Tan R B.Expert system for the design of inherently safer processes(2):Flowsheet development stage[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2002,41(26):6711-6722.
[28]Palaniappan C,Srinivasan R,Tan R.Selection of inherently safer process routes:a case study[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification,2004,43(5):641-647.
[29]Zabetakis M G.Flammability characteristics of combustible gases and vapors[R].Washington:US Bureau of Mines,1965.
[30]Yee T F,Grossmann I E,Kravanja Z.Simultaneous-optimization models for heat integration(1):Area and energy targeting and modeling of multi-stream exchangers[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,1990,14(10):1151-1164.
[31]Yee T F,Grossmann I E.Simultaneous-optimization models for heat integration(2):Heat-exchanger network synthesis[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,1990,14(10):1165-1184.
[2]陈丙珍.面向本质安全的化工过程设计研究进展[C]//王静康.中国工程院化工、冶金与材料工程学部第七届学术会议论文集.北京:化学工业出版社,2009:24-28.Chen B Z.Progress in studies of inherent safety oriented chemical process design[C]//Wang J K.7th Academic Conference of Faculty of Chemical,Metallurgical and Materials Engineering of Chinese Academy of Engineering.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2009:24-28.
[3]王杭州,陈丙珍,赵劲松,等.面向本质安全化的化工过程设计:多稳态及其稳定性分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2017:166.Wang H Z,Chen B Z,Zhao J S,et al.Inherently Safer Design Oriented Analysis of Steady-State Multiplicity Stability of Chemical Processes[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2017:166.
[4]Koller G,Fischer U,Hungerbuhler K.Assessing safety,health,and environmental impact early during process development[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2000,39(4):960-972.
[5]Kletz T A.Inherently safer design:the growth of an idea[J].Process Safety Progress,1996,15(1):5-8.
[6]Kletz T A.Inherently safer design-its scope and future[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2003,81(B6):401-405.
[7]Vaughen B K,Klein J A.What you don't manage will leak:a tribute to Trevor Kletz[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2012,90(5):411-418.
[8]Hendershot D C.An overview of inherently safer design[J].Process Safety Progress,2006,25(2):98-107.
[9]Mansfield D,Turney R,Rogers R,et al.How to integrate inherent she in process development and plant design[C]//Inst.Chem.Engineers.Major Hazards Onshore and Offshore II.Rugby,England:Inst.Chem.Engineers,1995:467-484.
[10]Chan I,Alwi S R W,Hassim M H,et al.Heat exchanger network design considering inherent safety[C]//Yan J,Lee D J,Chou S K,Desideri U,Li H.International Conference on Applied Energy,ICAE2014.Amsterdam,Netherlands:Elsevier Science BV,2014:2469-2473.
[11]Hafizan A M,Alwi S R W,Abd Manan Z,et al.Optimal heat exchanger network synthesis with operability and safety considerations[J].Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,2016,18(8):2381-2400.
[12]Diaz-Ovalle C,Vázquez-Román R,Mannan M S.An approach to solve the facility layout problem based on the worst-case scenario[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2010,23(3):385-392.
[13]Vazquez-Roman R,Lee J H,Jung S H,et al.Optimal facility layout under toxic release in process facilities:a stochastic approach[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,2010,34(1):122-133.
[14]Vazquez-Roman R,Inchaurregui-Mendez J A,Mannan M S.Agrid-based facilities allocation approach with safety and optimal heat exchanger networks synthesis[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,2015,80:92-100.
[15]Jung S H,Ng D,Lee J H,et al.An approach for risk reduction(methodology)based on optimizing the facility layout and siting in toxic gas release scenarios[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2010,23(1):139-148.
[16]Diaz-Ovalle C,Vazquez-Roman R,Mannan M S.An approach to solve the facility layout problem based on the worst-case scenario[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2010,23(3):385-392.
[17]Inchaurregui-Mendez J A,Vazquez-Roman R,Ponce-Ortega JM,et al.A heat exchanger networks synthesis approach based on inherent safety[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering Research Updates,2015,2(1):22-29.
[18]Inchaurregui-Mendez J A,Vazquez-Roman R,Ponce-Ortega JM,et al.Optimal safe layouts with heat exchanger networks synthesis having isothermal process streams[C]//DeRademacher E,Schmelzer P.15th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion(Loss 2016).Milano,Italy:Aidic Servizi Srl,2016:655-660.
[19]Nemet A,Lee K,Klemes J J,et al.Safety analysis embedded in total site synthesis[C]//Varbanov P S,Klemes J J,Alwi S R W,Yong J Y,Liu X.PRES15:Process Integration,Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction.Milano,Italy:Aidic Servizi Srl,2015:121-126.
[20]Nemet A,Klemes J J,Moon I,et al.Synthesis of safer heat exchanger networks[J].Chemical Engineering Transactions,2017,56:1885-1890.
[21]Nemet A,Klemes J J,Kravanja Z.Heat exchanger network synthesis considering risk assessment for entire network lifetime[J].Chemical Engineering Transactions,2017,57:307-312.
[22]Nemet A,Klemes J J,Moon I,et al.Safety analysis embedded in heat exchanger network synthesis[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,2017,107:357-380.
[23]Nemet A,Klemes J J,Kravanja Z.Process synthesis with simultaneously considered inherent safety[J].Chemical Engineering Transactions,2017,61:1555-1560.
[24]Edwards D W,Lawrence D.Assessing the inherent safety of chemical process routes-is there a relation between plant costs and inherent safety[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,1993,71(B4):252-258.
[25]Heikkila A M.Inherent safety in process plant design:an indexbased approach[D].Espoo:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland,1999.
[26]Palaniappan C,Srinivasan R,Tan R.Expert system for the design of inherently safer processes(1):Route selection stage[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2002,41(26):6698-6710.
[27]Palaniappan C,Srinivasan R,Tan R B.Expert system for the design of inherently safer processes(2):Flowsheet development stage[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2002,41(26):6711-6722.
[28]Palaniappan C,Srinivasan R,Tan R.Selection of inherently safer process routes:a case study[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification,2004,43(5):641-647.
[29]Zabetakis M G.Flammability characteristics of combustible gases and vapors[R].Washington:US Bureau of Mines,1965.
[30]Yee T F,Grossmann I E,Kravanja Z.Simultaneous-optimization models for heat integration(1):Area and energy targeting and modeling of multi-stream exchangers[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,1990,14(10):1151-1164.
[31]Yee T F,Grossmann I E.Simultaneous-optimization models for heat integration(2):Heat-exchanger network synthesis[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,1990,14(10):1165-1184.