等温复合锻造工艺对2A14铝合金轮毂组织与力学性能的影响
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摘要
采用等温复合锻造工艺(等温多向锻+等温模锻)制备2A14铝合金轮毂锻坯,然后进行固溶和时效处理。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及力学性能测试,研究等温复合锻造工艺对2A14铝合金轮毂组织与性能的影响。结果表明,在等温复合锻造过程中存在动态回复和动态再结晶过程,随模锻温度升高,合金的软化机制由动态回复逐渐转向动态再结晶。提高等温多向锻道次可提高合金轮毂的力学性能;在相同的等温多向锻道次下,随等温模锻温度升高,合金的力学性能先升高后降低,其中以450℃等温多向锻造6道次并经460℃等温模锻的轮毂性能最佳,最高抗拉强度达到491 MPa,伸长率大于12%。
The 2A14 aluminum alloy wheel hub forging stock was prepared by isothermal compound forging(isothermal multi-direction forging + isothermal die forging) followed by solid solution and aging treatment.The effects of isothermal compound forging on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and mechanical property testing.The results show that there are dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization in isothermal forging process.With increasing the die forging temperature,the softening mechanism of the alloy gradually changes from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization.The mechanical properties can be improved by increasing isothermal multi-direction forging passes.Under the same isothermal multi-direction forging,the mechanical properties of the alloy increase first and then decrease with increasing the isothermal die forging temperature.The alloy treated by isothermal multi-direction forging with 6 passes at 450 ℃ and isothermal die forging at 460 ℃ has the best mechanical properties with the tensile strength and the elongation of 491 MPa and 12%,respectively.
The 2A14 aluminum alloy wheel hub forging stock was prepared by isothermal compound forging(isothermal multi-direction forging + isothermal die forging) followed by solid solution and aging treatment.The effects of isothermal compound forging on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and mechanical property testing.The results show that there are dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization in isothermal forging process.With increasing the die forging temperature,the softening mechanism of the alloy gradually changes from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization.The mechanical properties can be improved by increasing isothermal multi-direction forging passes.Under the same isothermal multi-direction forging,the mechanical properties of the alloy increase first and then decrease with increasing the isothermal die forging temperature.The alloy treated by isothermal multi-direction forging with 6 passes at 450 ℃ and isothermal die forging at 460 ℃ has the best mechanical properties with the tensile strength and the elongation of 491 MPa and 12%,respectively.
引文
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[2]郭灵,王淑云,林海.先进航空材料及构件锻压成形技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2011:6-16.GUO Ling,WANG Shuyun,LIN Hai.Foring Techniques of Advanced Aeronautical Materials and Components[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2011:6-16.
[3]VALIEV R Z,ESTRIN Y,HORITA Z,et al.Producing bulk ultrafine-grained materials by severe plastic deformation[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2010,58(4):33-39.
[4]DESRAYAUD C,RINGEVAL S,GIRARD S,et al.A novel high straining process for bulk materials-The development of a multipass forging system by compression along three axes[J].Journal of Materials Processing Tech,2006,172(1):152-158.
[5]刘静安,张宏伟,谢水生.铝合金锻造技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2012:46-161.LIU Jingan,Zhang Hongwei,Xie Shuisheng.Forging Technology of Aluminum Alloy[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Indusry Press,2012:46-161.
[6]潘复生,张丁非.铝合金及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006:1-60.PAN Fusheng,ZHANG Dingfei.Aluminum Alloy and Application[M].Beijing:Chemical Indusry Press,2006:1-60.
[7]赵刚,李洪晓,刘春明,等.2014铝合金的形变时效处理[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2001,22(6):664-667.ZHAO Gang,LI Hongxiao,LIU Chunming,et al.Thermomechanical aging of 2014 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2001,22(6):664-667.
[8]徐崇义,李念奎.2XXX系铝合金强韧化的研究与发展[J].轻合金加工技术,2005,33(8):13-17.XUE Chongyi,LI Niankui.Development and research of strengthening and toughening of 2XXX aluminium alloy[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technology,2005,33(8):13-17.
[9]宋仁国.高强度铝合金的研究现状及发展趋势[J].材料导报,2000,14(1):20-21.SONG Renguo.Current status and trends in high strength aluminum alloy research[J].Materials Review,2000,14(1):20-21.
[10]刘文胜,刘东亮,马运柱,等.变形温度对2A14铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(2):308-314.LIU Wensheng,LIU Dongliang,MA Yunzhu,et al.Effects of deformation temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2A14 aluminum alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(2):308-314.
[11]WANG M,HUANG L,LIU W,et al.Influence of cumulative strain on microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-directional forged 2A14 aluminum alloy[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2016,674:40-51.
[12]JOSHI A,KUMAR N,YOGESHA K K,et al.Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution in Al 2014 alloy processed through multidirectional cryoforging[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2016,25(7):3031-3045.
[13]朱庆丰,王嘉,左玉波,等.多向锻造道次对5182铝合金变形组织的影响[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2015,36(11):1572-1575.ZHU Qingfeng,WANG Jia,ZUO Yubo,et al.Effects of forging pass on the structure of 5182 aluminum alloy during multidirection forging process[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2015,36(11):1572-1575.
[14]张宏伟,牛占先,王秀华,等.提高2A14铝合金轮毂锻件力学性能的锻造工艺[J].轻合金加工技术,2006,34(5):31-34.ZHANG Hongwei,NIU Zhanxian,WANG Xiuhua,et al.Forging technology of improving mechamical properties of2A14 aluminium alloy die-forging for whell[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technology,2006,34(5):31-34.
[15]汪明.机轮轮毂用2A14铝合金锻造变形行为及其组织性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2017.WANG Ming.Study of forging deformation behavior and microstructure-properties of 2A14 aluminum alloy using in wheel hub[D].Changsha:Central South University,2017.
[16]MOGHANAKI S K,KAZEMINEZHAD M,LOGE R.Recrystallization behavior of multi-directionally forged overaged and solution treated Al-Cu-Mg alloy during non-isothermal annealing[J].Materials and Design,2017,132:250-256.
[17]JIN N,ZHANG H,HAN Y,et al.Hot deformation behavior of7150 aluminum alloy during compression at elevated temperature[J].Materials Characterization,2011,60(6):530-536.
[18]JIANG M G,YAN H,CHEN R S.Twinning,recrystallization and texture development during multi-directional impact forging in an AZ61 Mg alloy[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2015,650:399-409.