四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组笔石与页岩气关系探讨
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摘要
<正>前人对笔石的研究主要用于地层划分和沉积环境分析,对笔石与页岩气之间的关系研究甚少。充分利用取心井岩心分析资料、钻井地质资料、实验分析资料和测录井资料,结合不同沉积环境的笔石类型,将JYDA-E井奥陶系五峰组分成4个笔石带(WF1—WF4)、志留系龙马溪组划成6个笔石带(LM1—LM7,LM2缺失),其中WF2—LM4的TOC含量高、有机孔隙发育,属于页岩气有利开发层段。研究发现:笔石的演化和有机质的富集具有相同的沉积环境;笔石的丰度和TOC、有机孔隙度以及气测全烃含量具有正相关关系,笔石的演化对页岩有机质丰度、有机孔的形成具有一定贡献,并在一定程度上影响其含气性,属于页岩气储层评价的一项重要指标。四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气形成和笔石的形成演化存在成因上的关联,这对页岩气储层研究具有借鉴意义。
Previous research on graptolites mainly focused on stratigraphic division and sedimentary environment analysis,but rarely on the relationship between graptolite and shale gas. Using data from core well analysis,drilling and core logging and experimental analysis,the Ordovician Wufeng Formation in the Sichuan Basin is divided into four graptolites zones(WF1-WF4),whilst the Silurian Longmaxi Formation is divided into nine graptolites zones(LM1-LM9). In the WF2-LM4 zones,TOC contents are high and organic pores are well developed,and thus these zones are favorable for shale gas exploitation. We found that the graptolite evolution and organic matter enrichment have the same depositional environment,and the abundance of graptolites is positively correlated with TOC,organic porosity,and total hydrocarbon content measured by gas. The evolution has a certain contribution to the organic matter content and organic pore formation in the shale,and somehow affects its gas-bearing properties,which is an important factor in shale gas reservoir evaluation. The shale gas formation in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations in the Sichuan Basin was likely related to the formation and evolution of graptolites,which has major implications for shale gas reservoir studies.
Previous research on graptolites mainly focused on stratigraphic division and sedimentary environment analysis,but rarely on the relationship between graptolite and shale gas. Using data from core well analysis,drilling and core logging and experimental analysis,the Ordovician Wufeng Formation in the Sichuan Basin is divided into four graptolites zones(WF1-WF4),whilst the Silurian Longmaxi Formation is divided into nine graptolites zones(LM1-LM9). In the WF2-LM4 zones,TOC contents are high and organic pores are well developed,and thus these zones are favorable for shale gas exploitation. We found that the graptolite evolution and organic matter enrichment have the same depositional environment,and the abundance of graptolites is positively correlated with TOC,organic porosity,and total hydrocarbon content measured by gas. The evolution has a certain contribution to the organic matter content and organic pore formation in the shale,and somehow affects its gas-bearing properties,which is an important factor in shale gas reservoir evaluation. The shale gas formation in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations in the Sichuan Basin was likely related to the formation and evolution of graptolites,which has major implications for shale gas reservoir studies.
引文
[1]穆恩之,李积金.笔石[M].北京:科学出版社,1960:1-7.
[2]穆恩之,葛梅钰,陈旭,等.西南地区下奥陶统的笔石[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:50-130.
[3]张翔,陈波,郭志辉,等.石柱复向斜五峰组-龙马溪组笔石页岩特征浅析[J].非常规油气,2016,3(6):49-54.
[4]尉鹏飞,张金川,隆帅,等.四川盆地及周缘地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构及其发育主控因素[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(5):42-51.
[5]何治亮,聂海宽,张钰莹.四川盆地及其周缘奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素分析[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):8-17.
[6]张金川,聂海宽,徐波,等.四川盆地页岩气成藏地质条件[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):151-156.
[7]王玉满,董大忠,黄金亮,等.四川盆地及周边上奥陶统五峰组观音桥段岩相特征及对页岩气选区意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(1):42-50.
[8]陈旭,樊隽轩,张元动,等.五峰组及龙马溪组黑色页岩在扬子覆盖区内的划分与圈定[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(4):351-358.
[9]陈旭,樊隽轩,王文卉,等.黔渝地区志留系龙马溪组黑色笔石页岩的阶段性渐进展布模式[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(6):720-732.
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[11]KOZLOWSKO R.On the structure and relationships of graptolites[J].Journal of Paleontology,1966,40(3):489-501.
[12]刘鹏举,赵祥麟.吉林省白山地区新厂期上斜正笔石式树形笔石体壁的化学成分[J].长春地质学院学报,1996,26(6):121-124.
[13]门凤岐,赵祥麟.古生物学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,1984:30-90.
[14]TOWE K M,URBANEK A.Collagen-like structures in Ordovician graptolite periderm[J].Nature,1972,237:443-445.
[15]RIEKARDS R B.Palaeoecology of the graptolithina,an extinct class of the Phylume Hemichordata[J].Biological Reviews,2010,50(4):397-436.
[16]刘大锰,侯孝强,蒋金鹏.笔石组成与结构的微区分析[J].矿物学报,1996,16(1):53-57.
[17]马施民,邹晓艳,朱炎铭,等.川南龙马溪组笔石类生物与页岩气成因相关性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(4):106-109.
[18]秦建中,申宝剑,陶国亮,等.优质烃源岩成烃生物与生烃能力动态评价[J].石油实验质,2014,36(4):465-472.
[19]TISSOT B P,WELTE D H.Petroleum Formation and Occurrence:A New Approach to Oil and Gas Exploration[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1978:60-90.
[20]LUO Qingyong,ZHONG Ningning,DAI Na,et al.Graptolite-derived organic matter in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations(Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian)of southeastern Chongqing,China:implications for gas shale evaluation[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2016,153:87-98.
[21]PETERSEN H I,SCHOVSBO N H,NIELSEN A T.Reflectance measurements of zooclasts and solid bitumen in Lower Paleozoic shales,southern Scandinavia:correlation to vitrinite reflectance[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2013,114:1-18.
[22]石文睿.焦石坝区块页岩气储层含气性测录井评价方法研究[D].武汉:长江大学,2015.
[23]腾格尔,申宝剑,俞凌杰,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气形成与聚集机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):69-78.
[24]戴娜,钟宁宁,张瑜,等.氩离子抛光/扫描电镜分析方法在笔石有机质研究中的应用[J].电子显微学报,2015,34(5):416-420.
[25]SHI Wenrui,ZHANG Chong,YUAN Shaoyang,et al.A crossplot for mud logging interpretation of unconventional oil and gas and its application[J].The Open Petroleum Engineering Journal,2015,8(1):265-271.
[26]谢元军.随钻气测录井全烃值标准化方法探讨[J].录井工程,2007,18(4):13-16.
[27]俞秋明.利用气测录井对含气显示层进行定量评价的方法探讨[J].图书情报导刊,2012,22(22):145-147.
[28]DEMAISON G J,MOORE G T.Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis[J].Organic Geochemistry,1980,2(1):1-31.
[29]WEI H Y,CHEN D Z,WANG J G,et al.Organic accumulation in the lower Chihsia Formation(Middle Permian)of South China:constraints from pyrite morphology and multiple geochemical proxies[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2012,353/355:73-86.
[30]李双建,肖开华,沃玉进,等.南方海相上奥陶统-下志留统优质烃源岩发育的控制因素[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):872-880.
[31]王淑芳,董大忠,沃玉进,等.四川盆地南部志留系龙马溪组富有机质页岩沉积环境的元素地球化学判别指标[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(3):27-34.
[32]亢韦.渝南地区龙马溪组笔石页岩相与页岩气成藏关系探讨[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015.
[33]邱振,董大忠,卢斌,等.中国南方五峰组-龙马溪组页岩中笔石与有机质富集关系探讨[J].沉积学报,2016,34(6):1011-1020.
[2]穆恩之,葛梅钰,陈旭,等.西南地区下奥陶统的笔石[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:50-130.
[3]张翔,陈波,郭志辉,等.石柱复向斜五峰组-龙马溪组笔石页岩特征浅析[J].非常规油气,2016,3(6):49-54.
[4]尉鹏飞,张金川,隆帅,等.四川盆地及周缘地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构及其发育主控因素[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(5):42-51.
[5]何治亮,聂海宽,张钰莹.四川盆地及其周缘奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素分析[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):8-17.
[6]张金川,聂海宽,徐波,等.四川盆地页岩气成藏地质条件[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):151-156.
[7]王玉满,董大忠,黄金亮,等.四川盆地及周边上奥陶统五峰组观音桥段岩相特征及对页岩气选区意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(1):42-50.
[8]陈旭,樊隽轩,张元动,等.五峰组及龙马溪组黑色页岩在扬子覆盖区内的划分与圈定[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(4):351-358.
[9]陈旭,樊隽轩,王文卉,等.黔渝地区志留系龙马溪组黑色笔石页岩的阶段性渐进展布模式[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(6):720-732.
[10]GRADSTEIN F M,OGG J G,SCHMITZ M.The Geologic Time Scale[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2012:1-1176.
[11]KOZLOWSKO R.On the structure and relationships of graptolites[J].Journal of Paleontology,1966,40(3):489-501.
[12]刘鹏举,赵祥麟.吉林省白山地区新厂期上斜正笔石式树形笔石体壁的化学成分[J].长春地质学院学报,1996,26(6):121-124.
[13]门凤岐,赵祥麟.古生物学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,1984:30-90.
[14]TOWE K M,URBANEK A.Collagen-like structures in Ordovician graptolite periderm[J].Nature,1972,237:443-445.
[15]RIEKARDS R B.Palaeoecology of the graptolithina,an extinct class of the Phylume Hemichordata[J].Biological Reviews,2010,50(4):397-436.
[16]刘大锰,侯孝强,蒋金鹏.笔石组成与结构的微区分析[J].矿物学报,1996,16(1):53-57.
[17]马施民,邹晓艳,朱炎铭,等.川南龙马溪组笔石类生物与页岩气成因相关性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(4):106-109.
[18]秦建中,申宝剑,陶国亮,等.优质烃源岩成烃生物与生烃能力动态评价[J].石油实验质,2014,36(4):465-472.
[19]TISSOT B P,WELTE D H.Petroleum Formation and Occurrence:A New Approach to Oil and Gas Exploration[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1978:60-90.
[20]LUO Qingyong,ZHONG Ningning,DAI Na,et al.Graptolite-derived organic matter in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations(Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian)of southeastern Chongqing,China:implications for gas shale evaluation[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2016,153:87-98.
[21]PETERSEN H I,SCHOVSBO N H,NIELSEN A T.Reflectance measurements of zooclasts and solid bitumen in Lower Paleozoic shales,southern Scandinavia:correlation to vitrinite reflectance[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2013,114:1-18.
[22]石文睿.焦石坝区块页岩气储层含气性测录井评价方法研究[D].武汉:长江大学,2015.
[23]腾格尔,申宝剑,俞凌杰,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气形成与聚集机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):69-78.
[24]戴娜,钟宁宁,张瑜,等.氩离子抛光/扫描电镜分析方法在笔石有机质研究中的应用[J].电子显微学报,2015,34(5):416-420.
[25]SHI Wenrui,ZHANG Chong,YUAN Shaoyang,et al.A crossplot for mud logging interpretation of unconventional oil and gas and its application[J].The Open Petroleum Engineering Journal,2015,8(1):265-271.
[26]谢元军.随钻气测录井全烃值标准化方法探讨[J].录井工程,2007,18(4):13-16.
[27]俞秋明.利用气测录井对含气显示层进行定量评价的方法探讨[J].图书情报导刊,2012,22(22):145-147.
[28]DEMAISON G J,MOORE G T.Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis[J].Organic Geochemistry,1980,2(1):1-31.
[29]WEI H Y,CHEN D Z,WANG J G,et al.Organic accumulation in the lower Chihsia Formation(Middle Permian)of South China:constraints from pyrite morphology and multiple geochemical proxies[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2012,353/355:73-86.
[30]李双建,肖开华,沃玉进,等.南方海相上奥陶统-下志留统优质烃源岩发育的控制因素[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):872-880.
[31]王淑芳,董大忠,沃玉进,等.四川盆地南部志留系龙马溪组富有机质页岩沉积环境的元素地球化学判别指标[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(3):27-34.
[32]亢韦.渝南地区龙马溪组笔石页岩相与页岩气成藏关系探讨[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015.
[33]邱振,董大忠,卢斌,等.中国南方五峰组-龙马溪组页岩中笔石与有机质富集关系探讨[J].沉积学报,2016,34(6):1011-1020.