绵羊母性行为及其神经、内分泌、分子机制研究进展
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摘要
为了解绵羊母性行为及调节母性行为的神经内分泌、分子机制研究进展,以绵羊"母性行为,影响因素,神经内分泌,分子机制"为检索词,查阅绵羊母性行为相关文献资料。结果发现:绵羊母性行为的表达促进母子关系的建立,母羊品种、胎次、性情、产羔数、饲养面积以及妊娠期营养状况影响其母性行为的表达。母羊体内释放的激素(雌激素、催产素)和神经递质(谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、一氧化氮、去甲肾上腺素)调控母性行为的发生,且DNA甲基化可能是调控母性行为的分子机制之一。绵羊母性行为的影响因素及神经内分泌调控机制研究已较为成熟,但关于调控绵羊母性行为的分子机制尚缺乏深入系统研究。
In order to explore the research progress on the maternal behavior of sheep,the influencing factors and the neuroendocrine and molecular mechanisms regulating maternal behavior,literatures related to sheep's maternal behavior were searched by using sheep's maternal behavior,influencing factors,neuroendocrine,and molecular mechanism as keywords.The results showed that:The expression of maternal behavior promoted the development of the mother-young interactions;Ewe breeds,parity,temperament,litter size,pen size and nutrition in pregnancy effected on the expression of maternal behavior;Hormones(estrogen,oxytocin) and neurotransmitters(glutamate,γ-aminobutyric acid,nitric oxide,noradrenaline) released in ewes regulated maternal behavior,and DNA methylation might be one of the molecular mechanisms regulating maternal behavior.It was found that the influencing factors and neuroendocrine regulation mechanism of sheep maternal behavior were fully investigated,while there was still a lack of the molecular mechanism of regulating the maternal behavior.
In order to explore the research progress on the maternal behavior of sheep,the influencing factors and the neuroendocrine and molecular mechanisms regulating maternal behavior,literatures related to sheep's maternal behavior were searched by using sheep's maternal behavior,influencing factors,neuroendocrine,and molecular mechanism as keywords.The results showed that:The expression of maternal behavior promoted the development of the mother-young interactions;Ewe breeds,parity,temperament,litter size,pen size and nutrition in pregnancy effected on the expression of maternal behavior;Hormones(estrogen,oxytocin) and neurotransmitters(glutamate,γ-aminobutyric acid,nitric oxide,noradrenaline) released in ewes regulated maternal behavior,and DNA methylation might be one of the molecular mechanisms regulating maternal behavior.It was found that the influencing factors and neuroendocrine regulation mechanism of sheep maternal behavior were fully investigated,while there was still a lack of the molecular mechanism of regulating the maternal behavior.
引文
[1] 包军.家畜行为学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008Bao J.Domestic Animal Behavior[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008 (in Chinese)
[2] Brown R S E,Aoki M,Ladyman S R,Phillipps H R,Wyatt A,Boehm U,Grattan D R.Prolactin action in the medial preoptic area is necessary for postpartum maternal nursing behavior[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2017,114(40):10779-10784
[3] 吕慎金,杨燕.母猪母性行为及其遗传研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(19):55-58Lv S J,Yang Y.The development of maternal behavior and genetic background in sow[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2008,44(19):55-58 (in Chinese)
[4] Sawalha R M,Conington J,Brotherstone S,Villanueva B.Analyses of lamb survival of Scottish Blackface sheep[J].Animal,2007,1(1):151-157
[5] Hild S,Coulon M,Schroeer A,Andersen I L,Zanella A J.Gentle vs.aversive handling of pregnant ewes:I.Maternal cortisol and behavior[J].Physiology and Behavior,2011,104(3):384-391
[6] Dwyer C M,Lawrence A B.A review of the behavioural and physiological adaptations of hill and lowland breeds of sheep that favour lamb survival[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,92(3):235-260
[7] Dwyer C M.Individual variation in the expression of maternal behaviour:A review of the neuroendocrine mechanisms in the sheep[J].Journal of Neuroendocrinology,2008,20(4):526-534
[8] Vince M A.Newborn lambs and their dams:the interaction that leads to sucking[J].Advances in the Study of Behavior,1993,22(2):239-268
[9] Damián J P,Beracochea F,MacHado S,H?tzel M J,Banchero G,Ungerfeld R.Growing without a mother results in poorer sexual behavior in adult rams[J].Animal,2018,12 (1):98-105
[10] Lv S J,Yang Y,Dwyer C M,Li F K.Pen size and parity effects on maternal behaviour of Small-Tail Han sheep[J].Animal,2015,9(7):1195-1202
[11] Nowak R.Suckling,milk,and the development of preferences toward maternal cues by neonates:from early learning to filial attachment?[J].Advances in the Study of Behavior,2006,36:1-58
[12] Gül S,G?rgülü ?,Keskn M,Gündüz Z.Maternal behaviour of Awassi sheep and behaviour of the lambs during the first hour after parturition[J].Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,2017,41(6):741-747
[13] Poindron P,Otal J,Ferreira G,Keller M,Guesdon V,Nowak R,Lévy F.Amniotic fluid is important for the maintenance of maternal responsiveness and the establishment of maternal selectivity in sheep[J].Animal,2010,4(12):2057-2064
[14] Corona R,Meurisse M,Cornilleau F,Moussu C,Keller M,Lévy F.Disruption of adult olfactory neurogenesis induces deficits in maternal behavior in sheep[J].Behavioural Brain Research,2018,347,124-131
[15] Medina P M,Trujillo A O,Tirado E A,Santiago P R,Terrazas A.Sensory factors involved in mother-young bonding in sheep:A review[J].Veterinární Medicína,2016,61(11):595-611
[16] Chniter M,Dhaoui A,Hammadi M,Khorchani T,Hamouda M B,Poindron P,Cornilleau F,Lévy F,Nowak R.Mother-young bonding in prolific D’man and Romanov sheep[J].Journal of Ethology,2017,35(3):297-305
[17] Konig von Borstel U,Moors E,Schichowski C,Gauly M.Breed differences in maternal behaviour in relation to lamb(Ovis orientalis aries) productivity[J].Livestock Science,2011,137(1-3):42-48
[18] Dwyer C M.Maternal behaviour and lamb survival:from neuroendocrinology to practical application[J].Animal,2014,8(1):102-112
[19] Kuchel R C,Lindsay D R.Maternal behaviour and the survival of lambs in superfine wool sheep[J].Reproduction Fertility and Development,1999,11(7-8):391-394
[20] Plush K J,Hebart M L,Brien F D,Hynd P I.The genetics of temperament in Merino sheep and relationships with lamb survival[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2011,134:130-135
[21] Freitas-de-Melo A,Ungerfeld R,H?tzel M J,Orihuela A,Perez-Clariget R.Low pasture allowance until late gestation in ewes:Behavioural and physiological changes in ewes and lambs from lambing to weaning[J].Animal,2017,11(2):285-294
[22] Rocha A M,Dias Silva T P,Sejian V,da Costa Torre?o J N,Torreao Marques C A,Bezerra L,Araūjo M J,Saraiva L A,Gottardi F.Maternal and neonatal behavior as affected by maternal nutrition during prepartum and postpartum period in indigenous sheep[J].Journal of Veterinary Behavior Clinical Applications and Research,2018,23:40-46
[23] 孙伟,张向楠,左其生,倪蓉,王兰萍,张有法,陈玲,吴文忠,周洪.湖羊催乳素受体基因外显子10多态性及与其母性行为性状的关联分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(5):673-680Sun W,Zhang X N,Zuo Q S,Ni R,Wang L P,Zhang Y F,Chen L,Wu W Z,Zhou H.Analysis on genetic polymorphism of exon 10 of PRLR gene and its association with distribution type of its maternal behavior in Hu sheep[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2013,44(5):673-680 (in Chinese)
[24] Wang L P,Geng R Q,Zhang X N,Sun W.Identification of SNPs within the PRLR gene and effects on maternal behavior in sheep[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,2015,14(4):17536-17543
[25] Wang L P.mRNA expression of prolactin receptor in sheep pituitary and its effect on maternal behavior[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,2015,14(3):8650-8657
[26] Lv S J,Yang Y,Li F K.Parity and litter size effects on maternal behavior of Small Tail Han sheep in China[J].Animal Science Journal,2016,87(3):361-369
[27] Ramirez Martínez M G,González R S,Massot P P,Ramirez A,Lorenzo.Maternal behaviour around birth and mother-young recognition in Pelibuey sheep[J].Veterinaria Mexico,2011,42(1):27-44
[28] Simitzis P,Galani K,Vasiliou P,Koutsouli P,Bizelis I.Effect of breed and litter size on the display of maternal perinatal and offspring postnatal behavior in dairy sheep[J].Journal of Veterinary Behavior,2016,13:10-18
[29] Futro A,Maslowska K,Dwyer C M.Ewes direct most maternal attention towards lambs that show the greatest pain-related behavioural responses[J].PloS One,2015,10(7):e0134024
[30] Nowak R,Keller M,Val-Laillet D,Lévy F.Perinatal visceral events and brain mechanisms involved in the development of mother-young bonding in sheep[J].Hormones and Behavior,2007,52(1):92-98
[31] Kendrick K M.Oxytocin regulation of sheep social and maternal behavior[M].In:Choleris E,Pfaff D W,Kavaliers M,eds.Oxytocin,Vasopressin and Related Peptides in the Regulation of Behavior.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2013
[32] Pfaff D,Waters E,Khan Q,Zhang X,Numan M.Estrogen receptor-initiated mechanisms causal to mammalian reproductive behaviors[J].Endocrinology,2011,152(4):1209-1217
[33] Dwyer C M,Gilbert C L,Lawrence A B.Pre-partum plasma estradiol and post-partum cortisol,but not oxytocin,are associated with inter individual and breed differences in the expression of maternal behavior in sheep[J].Hormones and Behavior,2004,46(5):529-543
[34] Dwyer C M,Lawrence A B,Bishop S C,Lewis M.Ewe-lamb bonding behaviours at birth are affected by maternal undernutrition in pregnancy[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2003,89(1):123-136
[35] Dwyer C M,Dingwall W S,Lawrence A B.Physiological correlates of maternal-offspring behaviour in sheep:a factor analysis[J].Physiology and Behavior,1999,67(3):443-454
[36] Catanese M C,Vandenberg L N.Developmental estrogen exposures and disruptions to maternal behavior and brain:Effects of ethinyl estradiol,a common positive control[J].Hormones and Behavior,2018,101:113-124
[37] Meurisse M,Gonzalez A,Delsol G,Caba M,Lévy F,Poindron P.Estradiol receptor-alpha expression in hypothalamic and limbic regions of ewes is influenced by physiological state and maternal experience[J].Hormones and Behavior,2005,48(1):34-43
[38] Kendrick K M,Keverne E B,Baldwin B A.Intracerebroventricular oxytocin stimulates maternal behaviour in the sheep[J].Neuroendocrinology,1987,46(1):56-61
[39] Kendrick K M.Oxytocin,motherhood and bonding[J].Experimental Physiology,2000,85(1):111-124
[40] Keverne E B,Kendrick K M.Oxytocin facilitation of maternal behaviour in sheep[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2010,652(1):83-101
[41] Brennan P A,Keverne E B.Neural mechanisms of mammalian olfactory learning[J].Progress in Neurobiology,1997,51(4):457-481
[42] Kendrick K M,da Costa A P,Broad K D,Ohkura S,Guevara R,Lévy F,Keverne E B.Neural control of maternal behaviour and olfactory recognition of offspring[J].Brain Research Bulletin,1997,44(4):383-395
[43] Goursaud A P,Nowak R.2-NAP,a peripheral CCK-A receptor antagonist,modulates the development of a preference for the mother by the newborn lamb[J].Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior,2000,67(3):603-611
[44] Szyf M.Environmental Experience And Plasticity of The Developing Brain[M].Hoboken:John Wiley & Sons,Inc,2016
[45] Champagne F A,Weaver I C,Diorio J,Dymov S,Szyf M,Meaney M J.Maternal care associated with methylation of the estrogen receptor-alpha1b promoter and estrogen receptor-alpha expression in the medial preoptic area of female offspring[J].Endocrinology,2006,147(6):2909-2915
[46] Weaver I C,Cervoni N,Champagne F A,D’Alessio A C,Sharma S,Seckl J R,Dymov S,Szyf M,Meaney M J.Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior[J].Nature Neuroscience,2004,7(8):847-854
[47] Meaney M J,Szyf M.Maternal care as a model for experience dependent chromatin plasticity?[J].Trends in Neurosciences,2005,28(9):456-463
[48] Kaffman A,Meaney M J.Neurodevelopmental sequelae of postnatal maternal care in rodents:Clinical and research implications of molecular insights[J].Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,2007,48(3-4):224-244
[49] da Costa A P,Broad K D,Kendrick K M.Olfactory memory and maternal behaviour-induced changes in c-fos and zif/268 mRNA expression in the sheep brain[J].Molecular Brain Research,1997,46(1-2):63-76
[50] Broad K D,Hinton M R,Keverne E B,Kendrick K M.Involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex in mediating behavioural responses to odour cues rather than olfactory recognition memory[J].Neuroscience,2002,114(3):715-729
[51] Robertson S M,Allworth M B,Friend M A.Survival of lambs from maiden ewes may not be improved by pre-lambing exposure to mature lambing ewes[J].Animal Production Science,2017,57(6):1112-1117
[2] Brown R S E,Aoki M,Ladyman S R,Phillipps H R,Wyatt A,Boehm U,Grattan D R.Prolactin action in the medial preoptic area is necessary for postpartum maternal nursing behavior[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2017,114(40):10779-10784
[3] 吕慎金,杨燕.母猪母性行为及其遗传研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(19):55-58Lv S J,Yang Y.The development of maternal behavior and genetic background in sow[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2008,44(19):55-58 (in Chinese)
[4] Sawalha R M,Conington J,Brotherstone S,Villanueva B.Analyses of lamb survival of Scottish Blackface sheep[J].Animal,2007,1(1):151-157
[5] Hild S,Coulon M,Schroeer A,Andersen I L,Zanella A J.Gentle vs.aversive handling of pregnant ewes:I.Maternal cortisol and behavior[J].Physiology and Behavior,2011,104(3):384-391
[6] Dwyer C M,Lawrence A B.A review of the behavioural and physiological adaptations of hill and lowland breeds of sheep that favour lamb survival[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,92(3):235-260
[7] Dwyer C M.Individual variation in the expression of maternal behaviour:A review of the neuroendocrine mechanisms in the sheep[J].Journal of Neuroendocrinology,2008,20(4):526-534
[8] Vince M A.Newborn lambs and their dams:the interaction that leads to sucking[J].Advances in the Study of Behavior,1993,22(2):239-268
[9] Damián J P,Beracochea F,MacHado S,H?tzel M J,Banchero G,Ungerfeld R.Growing without a mother results in poorer sexual behavior in adult rams[J].Animal,2018,12 (1):98-105
[10] Lv S J,Yang Y,Dwyer C M,Li F K.Pen size and parity effects on maternal behaviour of Small-Tail Han sheep[J].Animal,2015,9(7):1195-1202
[11] Nowak R.Suckling,milk,and the development of preferences toward maternal cues by neonates:from early learning to filial attachment?[J].Advances in the Study of Behavior,2006,36:1-58
[12] Gül S,G?rgülü ?,Keskn M,Gündüz Z.Maternal behaviour of Awassi sheep and behaviour of the lambs during the first hour after parturition[J].Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,2017,41(6):741-747
[13] Poindron P,Otal J,Ferreira G,Keller M,Guesdon V,Nowak R,Lévy F.Amniotic fluid is important for the maintenance of maternal responsiveness and the establishment of maternal selectivity in sheep[J].Animal,2010,4(12):2057-2064
[14] Corona R,Meurisse M,Cornilleau F,Moussu C,Keller M,Lévy F.Disruption of adult olfactory neurogenesis induces deficits in maternal behavior in sheep[J].Behavioural Brain Research,2018,347,124-131
[15] Medina P M,Trujillo A O,Tirado E A,Santiago P R,Terrazas A.Sensory factors involved in mother-young bonding in sheep:A review[J].Veterinární Medicína,2016,61(11):595-611
[16] Chniter M,Dhaoui A,Hammadi M,Khorchani T,Hamouda M B,Poindron P,Cornilleau F,Lévy F,Nowak R.Mother-young bonding in prolific D’man and Romanov sheep[J].Journal of Ethology,2017,35(3):297-305
[17] Konig von Borstel U,Moors E,Schichowski C,Gauly M.Breed differences in maternal behaviour in relation to lamb(Ovis orientalis aries) productivity[J].Livestock Science,2011,137(1-3):42-48
[18] Dwyer C M.Maternal behaviour and lamb survival:from neuroendocrinology to practical application[J].Animal,2014,8(1):102-112
[19] Kuchel R C,Lindsay D R.Maternal behaviour and the survival of lambs in superfine wool sheep[J].Reproduction Fertility and Development,1999,11(7-8):391-394
[20] Plush K J,Hebart M L,Brien F D,Hynd P I.The genetics of temperament in Merino sheep and relationships with lamb survival[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2011,134:130-135
[21] Freitas-de-Melo A,Ungerfeld R,H?tzel M J,Orihuela A,Perez-Clariget R.Low pasture allowance until late gestation in ewes:Behavioural and physiological changes in ewes and lambs from lambing to weaning[J].Animal,2017,11(2):285-294
[22] Rocha A M,Dias Silva T P,Sejian V,da Costa Torre?o J N,Torreao Marques C A,Bezerra L,Araūjo M J,Saraiva L A,Gottardi F.Maternal and neonatal behavior as affected by maternal nutrition during prepartum and postpartum period in indigenous sheep[J].Journal of Veterinary Behavior Clinical Applications and Research,2018,23:40-46
[23] 孙伟,张向楠,左其生,倪蓉,王兰萍,张有法,陈玲,吴文忠,周洪.湖羊催乳素受体基因外显子10多态性及与其母性行为性状的关联分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(5):673-680Sun W,Zhang X N,Zuo Q S,Ni R,Wang L P,Zhang Y F,Chen L,Wu W Z,Zhou H.Analysis on genetic polymorphism of exon 10 of PRLR gene and its association with distribution type of its maternal behavior in Hu sheep[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2013,44(5):673-680 (in Chinese)
[24] Wang L P,Geng R Q,Zhang X N,Sun W.Identification of SNPs within the PRLR gene and effects on maternal behavior in sheep[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,2015,14(4):17536-17543
[25] Wang L P.mRNA expression of prolactin receptor in sheep pituitary and its effect on maternal behavior[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,2015,14(3):8650-8657
[26] Lv S J,Yang Y,Li F K.Parity and litter size effects on maternal behavior of Small Tail Han sheep in China[J].Animal Science Journal,2016,87(3):361-369
[27] Ramirez Martínez M G,González R S,Massot P P,Ramirez A,Lorenzo.Maternal behaviour around birth and mother-young recognition in Pelibuey sheep[J].Veterinaria Mexico,2011,42(1):27-44
[28] Simitzis P,Galani K,Vasiliou P,Koutsouli P,Bizelis I.Effect of breed and litter size on the display of maternal perinatal and offspring postnatal behavior in dairy sheep[J].Journal of Veterinary Behavior,2016,13:10-18
[29] Futro A,Maslowska K,Dwyer C M.Ewes direct most maternal attention towards lambs that show the greatest pain-related behavioural responses[J].PloS One,2015,10(7):e0134024
[30] Nowak R,Keller M,Val-Laillet D,Lévy F.Perinatal visceral events and brain mechanisms involved in the development of mother-young bonding in sheep[J].Hormones and Behavior,2007,52(1):92-98
[31] Kendrick K M.Oxytocin regulation of sheep social and maternal behavior[M].In:Choleris E,Pfaff D W,Kavaliers M,eds.Oxytocin,Vasopressin and Related Peptides in the Regulation of Behavior.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2013
[32] Pfaff D,Waters E,Khan Q,Zhang X,Numan M.Estrogen receptor-initiated mechanisms causal to mammalian reproductive behaviors[J].Endocrinology,2011,152(4):1209-1217
[33] Dwyer C M,Gilbert C L,Lawrence A B.Pre-partum plasma estradiol and post-partum cortisol,but not oxytocin,are associated with inter individual and breed differences in the expression of maternal behavior in sheep[J].Hormones and Behavior,2004,46(5):529-543
[34] Dwyer C M,Lawrence A B,Bishop S C,Lewis M.Ewe-lamb bonding behaviours at birth are affected by maternal undernutrition in pregnancy[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2003,89(1):123-136
[35] Dwyer C M,Dingwall W S,Lawrence A B.Physiological correlates of maternal-offspring behaviour in sheep:a factor analysis[J].Physiology and Behavior,1999,67(3):443-454
[36] Catanese M C,Vandenberg L N.Developmental estrogen exposures and disruptions to maternal behavior and brain:Effects of ethinyl estradiol,a common positive control[J].Hormones and Behavior,2018,101:113-124
[37] Meurisse M,Gonzalez A,Delsol G,Caba M,Lévy F,Poindron P.Estradiol receptor-alpha expression in hypothalamic and limbic regions of ewes is influenced by physiological state and maternal experience[J].Hormones and Behavior,2005,48(1):34-43
[38] Kendrick K M,Keverne E B,Baldwin B A.Intracerebroventricular oxytocin stimulates maternal behaviour in the sheep[J].Neuroendocrinology,1987,46(1):56-61
[39] Kendrick K M.Oxytocin,motherhood and bonding[J].Experimental Physiology,2000,85(1):111-124
[40] Keverne E B,Kendrick K M.Oxytocin facilitation of maternal behaviour in sheep[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2010,652(1):83-101
[41] Brennan P A,Keverne E B.Neural mechanisms of mammalian olfactory learning[J].Progress in Neurobiology,1997,51(4):457-481
[42] Kendrick K M,da Costa A P,Broad K D,Ohkura S,Guevara R,Lévy F,Keverne E B.Neural control of maternal behaviour and olfactory recognition of offspring[J].Brain Research Bulletin,1997,44(4):383-395
[43] Goursaud A P,Nowak R.2-NAP,a peripheral CCK-A receptor antagonist,modulates the development of a preference for the mother by the newborn lamb[J].Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior,2000,67(3):603-611
[44] Szyf M.Environmental Experience And Plasticity of The Developing Brain[M].Hoboken:John Wiley & Sons,Inc,2016
[45] Champagne F A,Weaver I C,Diorio J,Dymov S,Szyf M,Meaney M J.Maternal care associated with methylation of the estrogen receptor-alpha1b promoter and estrogen receptor-alpha expression in the medial preoptic area of female offspring[J].Endocrinology,2006,147(6):2909-2915
[46] Weaver I C,Cervoni N,Champagne F A,D’Alessio A C,Sharma S,Seckl J R,Dymov S,Szyf M,Meaney M J.Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior[J].Nature Neuroscience,2004,7(8):847-854
[47] Meaney M J,Szyf M.Maternal care as a model for experience dependent chromatin plasticity?[J].Trends in Neurosciences,2005,28(9):456-463
[48] Kaffman A,Meaney M J.Neurodevelopmental sequelae of postnatal maternal care in rodents:Clinical and research implications of molecular insights[J].Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,2007,48(3-4):224-244
[49] da Costa A P,Broad K D,Kendrick K M.Olfactory memory and maternal behaviour-induced changes in c-fos and zif/268 mRNA expression in the sheep brain[J].Molecular Brain Research,1997,46(1-2):63-76
[50] Broad K D,Hinton M R,Keverne E B,Kendrick K M.Involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex in mediating behavioural responses to odour cues rather than olfactory recognition memory[J].Neuroscience,2002,114(3):715-729
[51] Robertson S M,Allworth M B,Friend M A.Survival of lambs from maiden ewes may not be improved by pre-lambing exposure to mature lambing ewes[J].Animal Production Science,2017,57(6):1112-1117
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