扣件胶垫频变动力性能对钢轨垂向振动特性影响分析
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摘要
利用配有温度箱的万能力学试验机,结合温频等效原理与WLF方程的分数阶Zener模型,测试与表征Vossloh300钢轨扣件弹性垫板随频率非线性变化的黏弹性动力性能,并基于有限元方法研究考虑胶垫频变特性对钢轨垂向振动及传递衰减的影响规律。研究结果表明:在双对数坐标系下,扣件胶垫刚度和阻尼系数与频率近似呈线性正相关和负相关。胶垫阻尼频变主要增强中低频范围内的钢轨垂向振动,并能激发出钢轨1阶垂向共振频率;胶垫刚度频变能更准确预测钢轨1阶垂向共振频率;而胶垫频变特性对钢轨pinned-pinned共振频率无影响。考虑胶垫频变特性后,在1阶垂向共振频率以下,钢轨振动在激振点附近快速衰减,超过该频率钢轨振动主要沿钢轨纵向衰减。
In this paper, the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the rail pad of the Vossloh 300 fastener were tested by universal mechanic machine and temperature box, which characterized by the temperaturefrequency equivalent principle and the fractional-order Zener model of the WLF equation. Then the influence of the frequency-dependent properties of the rail pad on the vertical vibration and transmission attenuation of the rail was analyzed based on the finite element method. The results show that: In the double logarithmic coordinate system, the stiffness and damping coefficient of the rail pad are linearly positively or negatively correlated with the frequency. The frequency-dependent damping of the rail pad mainly enforces the vertical vibration of the rail in the middle and low frequency range, which excites the first-order vertical resonance frequency of the rail. The frequency-dependent stiffness of the pad can predict the first-order vertical resonant frequency of the rail more accurately. The pinned-pinned resonance frequency of the rail is not affected by the frequency change characteristics of the pad. Considering the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the rail pad, the rail vibration below the first-order resonance frequency of rail could reduce near the excitation point, while high frequency vibration of rail will not attenuate rapidly and spread along the rail in a long distance.
In this paper, the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the rail pad of the Vossloh 300 fastener were tested by universal mechanic machine and temperature box, which characterized by the temperaturefrequency equivalent principle and the fractional-order Zener model of the WLF equation. Then the influence of the frequency-dependent properties of the rail pad on the vertical vibration and transmission attenuation of the rail was analyzed based on the finite element method. The results show that: In the double logarithmic coordinate system, the stiffness and damping coefficient of the rail pad are linearly positively or negatively correlated with the frequency. The frequency-dependent damping of the rail pad mainly enforces the vertical vibration of the rail in the middle and low frequency range, which excites the first-order vertical resonance frequency of the rail. The frequency-dependent stiffness of the pad can predict the first-order vertical resonant frequency of the rail more accurately. The pinned-pinned resonance frequency of the rail is not affected by the frequency change characteristics of the pad. Considering the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the rail pad, the rail vibration below the first-order resonance frequency of rail could reduce near the excitation point, while high frequency vibration of rail will not attenuate rapidly and spread along the rail in a long distance.
引文
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[15]Pritz T.Five-parameter fractional derivative model for polymeric damping materials[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2003,265(5):935-952.
[16]赵永玲,侯之超.基于分数导数的橡胶材料两种黏弹性本构模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2013,53(3):378-383.ZHAO Yongling,HOU Zhichao.Two viscoelastic constitutive models of rubber materials using fractional derivations[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2013,53(3):378-383.
[17]Maes J,Sol H,Guillaume P.Measurements of the dynamic railpad properties[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293:557-565.
[18]TB/T 3395.1-2015,高速铁路扣件第一部分:通用技术条件[S].TB/T 3395.1-2015,Fastening systems for high-speed railway Part 1:General requirement[S].
[19]孙晓静,张厚贵,刘维宁,等.轨道系统钢轨振动衰减率动力测试研究[J].铁道工程学报,2015,32(7):34-39.SUN Xiaojing,ZHANG Hougui,LIU Weining,et al.Test research on the characterizing the dynamic damping behavior of track structure[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2015,32(7):34-39.
[20]韦凯,张攀,梁迎春,等.扣件胶垫刚度频变的钢轨垂向自振特征分析[J].铁道学报,2016,38(6):79-85.WEI Kai,ZHANG Pan,LIANG Yingchun,et al.Study on vertical natural vibrations of steel rail considering frequency-dependent stiffness of rail rads[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(6):79-85.
[2]韦凯,周昌盛,王平,等.扣件胶垫刚度的温变性对轮轨耦合随机频响特征的影响[J].铁道学报,2016,38(1):111-116.WEI Kai,ZHOU Changsheng,WANG Ping,et al.Influence of temperature-dependent stiffness of rail pads on the frequency-domain random vibration of vehicle-track coupled system[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(1):111-116.
[3]Fenander?.Frequency dependent stiffness and damping of railpads[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers-Part F,1997,211(1):51-62.
[4]谷永磊,赵国堂,王衡禹,等.轨道振动特性对高速铁路钢轨波磨的影响[J].中国铁道科学,2016,37(4):42-47.GU Yonglei,ZHAO Guotang,WANG Hengyu,et al.Effect of track vibration characteristics on rail corrugation of high speed railway[J].China Railway Science,2016,37(4):42-47.
[5]Grassie S L.The dynamic response of railway track to high frequency vertical excitation[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1982,24(2):97-102.
[6]Thompson D J,Jones C J C,WU T X,et al.The influence of the non-linear stiffness behaviour of rail pads on the track component of rolling noise[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F:Journal of Rail&Rapid Transit,1999,213(4):233-241.
[7]Ryue J,Thompson D J,White P R,et al.Decay rates of propagating waves in railway tracks at high frequencies[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2009,320(4):955-976.
[8]Thompson D J.Railway noise and vibration:mechanisms,modeling and means of control[M].UK:Elsevier,2009.
[9]刘洪瑞,邹锦华,王荣辉.轨道交通橡胶浮置板式轨道结构动力设计参数研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2009,6(2):5-11.LIU Hongrui,ZOU Jinhua,WANG Ronghui.Dynamic design parameters of rubber floating slab track structure for urban mass transit[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2009,6(2):5-11.
[10]方锐,肖新标,房建英,等.轨道结构参数对钢轨和轨枕振动特性的影响[J].铁道学报,2011,33(3):71-76.FANG Rui,XIAO Xinbiao,FANG Jianying,et al.Effect of structure parameters of railway track dynamic behavior of rail and sleeper[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2011,33(3):71-76.
[11]孙方遒,谷爱军,刘维宁.钢轨长实体模型在不同频段的振动及传递特性分析[J].铁道学报,2013,35(2):81-86.SUN Fangxuan,GU Aijun,LIU Weining.Study on vibration and transmission characteristics of long solid rail models under different frequencies[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2013,35(2):81-86.
[12]WEI Kai,YANG Qilu,DOU Yinling,et al.Experimental investigation into temperature-and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of high-speed rail pads[J].Construction&Building Materials,2017,151:848-858.
[13]Doolittle A K.Studies in Newtonian Flow.II.The dependence of the viscosity of liquids on free-space[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1951,22(12):1471-1475.
[14]Kim T H,Pinkham J T,Heninger S J,et al.A theoretical basis for the application of fractional calculus to viscoelasticity[J].Journal of Rheology,2000,27(2):115-198.
[15]Pritz T.Five-parameter fractional derivative model for polymeric damping materials[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2003,265(5):935-952.
[16]赵永玲,侯之超.基于分数导数的橡胶材料两种黏弹性本构模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2013,53(3):378-383.ZHAO Yongling,HOU Zhichao.Two viscoelastic constitutive models of rubber materials using fractional derivations[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2013,53(3):378-383.
[17]Maes J,Sol H,Guillaume P.Measurements of the dynamic railpad properties[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293:557-565.
[18]TB/T 3395.1-2015,高速铁路扣件第一部分:通用技术条件[S].TB/T 3395.1-2015,Fastening systems for high-speed railway Part 1:General requirement[S].
[19]孙晓静,张厚贵,刘维宁,等.轨道系统钢轨振动衰减率动力测试研究[J].铁道工程学报,2015,32(7):34-39.SUN Xiaojing,ZHANG Hougui,LIU Weining,et al.Test research on the characterizing the dynamic damping behavior of track structure[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2015,32(7):34-39.
[20]韦凯,张攀,梁迎春,等.扣件胶垫刚度频变的钢轨垂向自振特征分析[J].铁道学报,2016,38(6):79-85.WEI Kai,ZHANG Pan,LIANG Yingchun,et al.Study on vertical natural vibrations of steel rail considering frequency-dependent stiffness of rail rads[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(6):79-85.