浙江地区甬优15直播稻的最佳播期分析
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摘要
以"甬优15"水稻为材料,于2017年在浙江龙游农业气象试验站进行5个播期的分期播种试验(A1:5月5日,A2:5月15日,A3:5月25日,A4:6月4日,A5:6月14日),分析播期对直播稻叶面积指数(LAI)、光合生产、群体干物质积累和转移以及产量的影响。结果表明:适宜播期(A2,5月15日)下,直播稻LAI、群体光合势、群体生长率高,群体干物质积累多,地上部干物质的输出量和转化率大,A2地上部营养器官干物质输出量和转换率分别比A1、A3、A4、A5高7.87%、15.29%、49.43%、56.43%和5.59%、13.18%、28.60%和39.83%。与当地常年单季晚稻适宜播种日期(5月25日)相比,适当早播(5月15日)可增加直播稻的有效穗数、结实率及穗粒数,提高水稻产量,其中A2产量最高(为8879.70kg·hm-2),分别比A1、A3、A4和A5高392.10、610.20、1445.85和2085.15kg·hm-2。由此可见,甬优15在浙江龙游最佳直播期为5月中旬,偏早或偏迟(5月上旬或5月下旬)播种均将导致减产,而过迟播种(6月及以后)将导致产量严重降低。
To reveal the impacts of sowing date on dry matter accumulation and yield composition of direct seeding rice, an experiment with five sowing dates was conducted at the agrometeorological experimental station of Longyou in Zhejiang province in 2017, in which the rice variety of Yongyou15 was used. The five sowing dates were May 5(denoted as A1), May 15(denoted as A2), May 25(denoted as A3), June 4(denoted as A4) and June 14(denoted as A5). During the experiment, the leaf area index(LAI), photosynthetic production, dry matter accumulation and transfer, and the characteristics of rice yield were observed and analyzed to examine their relationships with sowing dates. The results showed that under the optimum sowing date(A2), the LAI, the photosynthetic potential, the growth rate of the rice were higher than that of other sowing dates. The output and conversion rates of the dry matter accumulation were also higher. The dry matter output of A2 was 7.87%, 15.29%, 49.43% and 56.43% higher than that of A1, A3, A4 and A5 respectively. The matter conversion rate of A2 was 5.59%, 13.18%, 28.60% and 39.83% higher than that of A1, A3, A4 and A5 respectively. Compared with the optimum sowing date(May 25) of local single cropping of late rice, proper early sowing could increase the effective panicle number, seed setting rate and grain number per panicle which finally contribute to the rice yield of direct-sowing rice. As a result, the yield of A2 reached 8879.70 kg·ha-1, about 392.10, 610.20, 1445.85 and 2085.15 kg·ha-1 higher than that of A1, A3, A4 and A5 respectively. It concluded that the optimum sowing date of Yongyou 15 with direct-sowing cultivation in Longyou region is in the middle of May. Earlier or later planting(in early May or late May) may lead to a decline in rice production, sowing in June or even later could result in a significant decrease in the final yield..
To reveal the impacts of sowing date on dry matter accumulation and yield composition of direct seeding rice, an experiment with five sowing dates was conducted at the agrometeorological experimental station of Longyou in Zhejiang province in 2017, in which the rice variety of Yongyou15 was used. The five sowing dates were May 5(denoted as A1), May 15(denoted as A2), May 25(denoted as A3), June 4(denoted as A4) and June 14(denoted as A5). During the experiment, the leaf area index(LAI), photosynthetic production, dry matter accumulation and transfer, and the characteristics of rice yield were observed and analyzed to examine their relationships with sowing dates. The results showed that under the optimum sowing date(A2), the LAI, the photosynthetic potential, the growth rate of the rice were higher than that of other sowing dates. The output and conversion rates of the dry matter accumulation were also higher. The dry matter output of A2 was 7.87%, 15.29%, 49.43% and 56.43% higher than that of A1, A3, A4 and A5 respectively. The matter conversion rate of A2 was 5.59%, 13.18%, 28.60% and 39.83% higher than that of A1, A3, A4 and A5 respectively. Compared with the optimum sowing date(May 25) of local single cropping of late rice, proper early sowing could increase the effective panicle number, seed setting rate and grain number per panicle which finally contribute to the rice yield of direct-sowing rice. As a result, the yield of A2 reached 8879.70 kg·ha-1, about 392.10, 610.20, 1445.85 and 2085.15 kg·ha-1 higher than that of A1, A3, A4 and A5 respectively. It concluded that the optimum sowing date of Yongyou 15 with direct-sowing cultivation in Longyou region is in the middle of May. Earlier or later planting(in early May or late May) may lead to a decline in rice production, sowing in June or even later could result in a significant decrease in the final yield..
引文
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[16]杨志远,孙永健,徐徽,等.不同栽培方式对免耕水稻茎鞘物质积累转运与抗倒伏能力的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2013,27(5):511-519.Yang Z Y,Sun Y J,Xu W,et al.Effects of different cultivation methods on accumulation and transformation of assimilation products and lodging resistance of stem-sheaths of no-tillage rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2013,27(5):511-519.(in Chinese)
[17]吕军,王伯伦,孟维韧,等.不同穗型粳稻的光合作用与物质生产特性[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(5):902-908.Lv J,Wang B L,Meng W R,et al.The characteristics of photosynthesis and dry matter production in Japonica rice cultivars with different type panicles[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(5):902-908.(in Chinese)
[18]王夫玉,张洪程.播期对淮北粳稻产量构成因素的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2001,19(3):211-215.Wang F Y,Zhang H C.Effect of seeding time on yield component of japonica-type rice in Huaibei[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),2001,19(3):211-215.(in Chinese)
[19]王亚梁,张玉屏,曾研华,等.水稻穗分化期高温对颖花分化及退化的影响[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(6):724-731.Wang Y L,Zhang Y P,Zeng Y H,et al.Effect of high temperature stress on rice spikelet differentiation and degeneration during panicle initiation stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,36(6):724-731.(in Chinese)
[20]骆宗强,石春林,江敏,等.孕穗期高温对水稻物质分配及产量结构的影响[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(3):326-334.Luo Z Q,Shi C L,Jiang M,et al.Effect of high temperature on rice dry matter partition and yield component during booting stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(3):326-334.(in Chinese)
[21]马宝.高温对水稻光合特征、生长发育和产量的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009.Ma B.Effect of high temperature on photosynthetic characteristics,growth and yield in rice[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2009.(in Chinese)
[2]Sheeja K R,Elizabeth E K.Weed management in direct seeded rice:a review[J].Agricultural Reviews,2017,38(1):41-50.
[3]Iqbal M F,Hussain M,Rasheed A.Direct seeded rice:purely a site specific technology[J].Int.J.Adv.Res.Biol.Sci,2017,4(1):53-57.
[4]Tao Y,Chen Q,Peng S,et al.Lower global warming potential and higher yield of wet direct-seeded rice in Central China[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2016,36(2):24.
[5]霍中洋,姚义,张洪程,等.播期对直播稻光合物质生产特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(13):2592-2606.Huo Z Y,Yao Y,Zhang H C,et al.Effect of sowing date on characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of direct seeding rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(13):2592-2606.(in Chinese)
[6]潘俊,潘海云,邹建祥,等.播期对直播稻的影响[J].上海农业科技,2007,(3):50.Pan J,Pan H Y,Zou J X,et al.Effect of sowing date on direct seeding rice[J].Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,2007,(3):50.(in Chinese)
[7]杜斌.直播播期对淮北地区水稻不同类型品种综合生产力的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2010.Du B.Effects of direct-seeding date on comprehensive productivity of different genotypes of rice in Huaibei region[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2010.(in Chinese)
[8]王文婷.播期对直播稻产量形成与品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2015.Wang W T.Effects of direct-seeding date on yield formation and rice quality[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2015.(in Chinese)
[9]姚义,霍中洋,张洪程,等.播期对不同类型品种直播稻生长特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2131-2138.Yao Y,Huo Z Y,Zhang H C,et al.Effects of sowing date on the growth characteristics of direct seeding rice[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(11):2131-2138.(in Chinese)
[10]毛国娟,王岳钧,陈叶平,等.浙江省近20多年水稻综合栽培技术的发展[J].中国稻米,2018,24(4):35-39.Mao G J,Wang Y J,Chen Y P,et al.Development of rice comprehensive cultivation techniques in recent 20 years in Zhejiang province[J].Chinese Rice,2018,24(4):35-39.(in Chinese)
[11]李秀芬,贾燕,黄元才,等.播栽期对水稻产量和产量构成因素及生育期的影响[J].生态学杂志,2004,(5):98-100.Li X F,Jia Y,Huang Y C,et al.Effects of seeding time on grain yield,yield components and growth duration in different rice varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,(5):98-100.(in Chinese)
[12]中国气象局.农业气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社,1995.China Meteorological Administration.Agricultural meteorological observation specification[M].Beijing:China Meteorology Press,1995.(in Chinese)
[13]李杰,张洪程,常勇,等.不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究[J].作物学报,2011,37(7):1235-1248.Li J,Zhang H C,Chang Y,et al.Characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of rice with different planting methods under high-yielding cultivation condition[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(7):1235-1248.(in Chinese)
[14]翟虎渠,曹树青,万建民,等.超高产杂交稻灌浆期光合功能与产量的关系[J].中国科学,2002,32(3):211-217.Zhai H Q,Cao S Q,Wan J M,et al.Relationship between photosynthetic function and grain yield of super highyielding hybrid rice during grain-filling stage[J].Science in China,2002,32(3):211-217.(in Chinese)
[15]黄育民,余瑞远.杂交稻高产群体干物质的积累运转?:干物质的积累运转[J].福建农业学报,1996,(2):7-11.Huang Y M,Yu R Y.Dry matter accumulation and transportation in high yielding colony of hybrid rice[J].Journal of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,1996,(2):7-11.(in Chinese)
[16]杨志远,孙永健,徐徽,等.不同栽培方式对免耕水稻茎鞘物质积累转运与抗倒伏能力的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2013,27(5):511-519.Yang Z Y,Sun Y J,Xu W,et al.Effects of different cultivation methods on accumulation and transformation of assimilation products and lodging resistance of stem-sheaths of no-tillage rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2013,27(5):511-519.(in Chinese)
[17]吕军,王伯伦,孟维韧,等.不同穗型粳稻的光合作用与物质生产特性[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(5):902-908.Lv J,Wang B L,Meng W R,et al.The characteristics of photosynthesis and dry matter production in Japonica rice cultivars with different type panicles[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(5):902-908.(in Chinese)
[18]王夫玉,张洪程.播期对淮北粳稻产量构成因素的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2001,19(3):211-215.Wang F Y,Zhang H C.Effect of seeding time on yield component of japonica-type rice in Huaibei[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),2001,19(3):211-215.(in Chinese)
[19]王亚梁,张玉屏,曾研华,等.水稻穗分化期高温对颖花分化及退化的影响[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(6):724-731.Wang Y L,Zhang Y P,Zeng Y H,et al.Effect of high temperature stress on rice spikelet differentiation and degeneration during panicle initiation stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,36(6):724-731.(in Chinese)
[20]骆宗强,石春林,江敏,等.孕穗期高温对水稻物质分配及产量结构的影响[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(3):326-334.Luo Z Q,Shi C L,Jiang M,et al.Effect of high temperature on rice dry matter partition and yield component during booting stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(3):326-334.(in Chinese)
[21]马宝.高温对水稻光合特征、生长发育和产量的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009.Ma B.Effect of high temperature on photosynthetic characteristics,growth and yield in rice[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2009.(in Chinese)