河套灌区耕作方式与秸秆还田对玉米光合物质生产及产量的影响
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摘要
研究在河套平原灌区开展定点试验,对比分析耕作方式与秸秆还田对玉米光合物质生产和产量的作用效果。结果表明:深松+翻耕+秸秆还田(SPR)、深松+翻耕(SP)、翻耕+秸秆还田(PR)、深松(S)、翻耕(P)均较浅旋(RT)能够显著提高玉米干物质积累量、叶面积指数、叶面积持续期、净同化速率、玉米产量。各处理间影响力表现为:SPR>SP>PR>S>P>RT。其中,SPR处理影响效果最显著,较RT干物质积累量最高增加45.52%,叶面积指数最多增加55.80%,叶面积持续期延迟,净同化率增加,玉米产量增加23.15%。
The experiment was carried out in Hetao plain irrigation area, and the effects of tillage and straw returning on photosynthetic material production and yield were compared. The results showed that subsoiling + plowing + straw returning to field(SPR), subsoiling + plowing(SP),plowing + straw returning to field(PR), subsoiling(S)and plowing(P)were all better than shallow rotary(RT),which could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, leaf area duration, net assimilation rate and maize yield. The impact of each treatment were as follows: SPR>SP>PR>S>P>RT. Among them, the effect of SPR treatment was the most significant, the dry matter accumulation SPR treatment than RT increased by 45.52%, leaf area index increased by 50.80%, leaf area duration increased by 33.87%, net assimilation rate increased,corn yield increased by 23.15%.
The experiment was carried out in Hetao plain irrigation area, and the effects of tillage and straw returning on photosynthetic material production and yield were compared. The results showed that subsoiling + plowing + straw returning to field(SPR), subsoiling + plowing(SP),plowing + straw returning to field(PR), subsoiling(S)and plowing(P)were all better than shallow rotary(RT),which could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, leaf area duration, net assimilation rate and maize yield. The impact of each treatment were as follows: SPR>SP>PR>S>P>RT. Among them, the effect of SPR treatment was the most significant, the dry matter accumulation SPR treatment than RT increased by 45.52%, leaf area index increased by 50.80%, leaf area duration increased by 33.87%, net assimilation rate increased,corn yield increased by 23.15%.
引文
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[13]潘雅文,樊军,郝明德,等.黄土塬区长期不同耕作、覆盖措施对表层土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1558-1567.
[14]葛超,景希强,徐娥,等.不同深松时间与深度条件下土壤物理性状与玉米产量的相关分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(3):115-118.
[15]李艳,刘海军,黄冠华.不同耕作措施对土壤水分和青贮夏玉米水分生产率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,58(14):191-198.
[16]李涵.秸秆覆盖还田对渭北旱塬土壤理化性质及春玉米生长的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[2]谭德水,金继运,黄绍文,等.灌淤土区耕作方式对作物产量与养分及土壤钾素的长期效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):25-29.
[3]刘洋,孙占样,白伟,等.不同耕法对土壤含水量、玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2013(2):110-114.
[4]王育红,姚宇卿,吕军杰,等.豫西旱坡地高留茬深松对冬小麦生态效应的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(2):126-128.
[5]何进,李洪文,高焕文.中国北方保护性耕作条件下深松效应与经济效益研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(10):162-167.
[6]NIDAL H.ABU-HAMDEH.Compaction and subsoiling effects on corn growth and soil bulk density[J].Soil Science Society of America,2003,67(4):1202-1208.
[7]张玉玲,张玉龙,黄毅,等.辽西半干旱地区深松中耕对土壤养分及玉米产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(4):67-70.
[8]ZHANG P,JIA Z K,WEN-TAO L U,et al.Effects of organic fertilization on soil nutrient,enzyme activity and crop productivity in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia[J].Plant Nutrition&Fertilizer Science,2011,17(5):1122-1130.
[9]李其昀.深松覆盖免耕沟播机械化技术[J].农业工程学报,2006,12(4):132-136.
[10]郭江,肖凯,郭新宇,等.玉米冠层结构、光分布和光合作用研究综述[J].玉米科学,2015,13(2):155-159.
[11]HE P,OSAKI M,TAKEBE M,et al.Changes of Photosynthetic Characteristics in Relation to Leaf Senescence in Two Maize Hybrids with Different Senescent Appearance[J].Photosynthetica,2012,40(4):147-152.
[12]董树亭,高荣岐,胡昌浩,等.玉米花粒期群体光合性能与高产潜力研究[J].作物学报,2007(3):118-125.
[13]潘雅文,樊军,郝明德,等.黄土塬区长期不同耕作、覆盖措施对表层土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1558-1567.
[14]葛超,景希强,徐娥,等.不同深松时间与深度条件下土壤物理性状与玉米产量的相关分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(3):115-118.
[15]李艳,刘海军,黄冠华.不同耕作措施对土壤水分和青贮夏玉米水分生产率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,58(14):191-198.
[16]李涵.秸秆覆盖还田对渭北旱塬土壤理化性质及春玉米生长的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.