美军战场人员搜救案例解析
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摘要
美国军队"战场人员搜救"是指由救援部队实施,在不确定或敌对环境及禁入地区寻回遇险人员的特殊任务;"人员恢复行动"是指准备和实施受困人员恢复与回归社会的军事、外交、民事行动的总称。美军通过战场联合搜救,践行以人为本的原则,确保联合作战效能,提升国家软实力。文章介绍美军战场联合搜救的组织机构和报告、定位、支持、救援、重返社会等五大行动实施步骤,总结美军战场联合搜救的主要特点,即系统谋划搜救全流程体系、注重建设专业搜救力量、列装先进搜救逃生装备、全员培训生存专业技能。
The term"combat search and rescue"(CSAR) refers to the tactics,techniques,and procedures performed by forces to effect the recovery of isolated personnel during combat and the term "personnel recovery"(PR) is the sum of military,diplomatic,and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. Through combat search and rescue practice,the US military fulfills the people-oriented principle,ensures the effectiveness of joint operations,and improves national soft-power. This paper reviewed the organization and planning of US military combat search and rescue,as well as the five PR execution tasks of report,locating,support,recovery,and reintegration. Main features of US military combat search and rescue were concluded,including focusing on system planning of search and rescue whole process,laying emphasis on professional search and rescue abilities,deployment of advanced search and rescue equipment,and full-staff training of survival skills.
The term"combat search and rescue"(CSAR) refers to the tactics,techniques,and procedures performed by forces to effect the recovery of isolated personnel during combat and the term "personnel recovery"(PR) is the sum of military,diplomatic,and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. Through combat search and rescue practice,the US military fulfills the people-oriented principle,ensures the effectiveness of joint operations,and improves national soft-power. This paper reviewed the organization and planning of US military combat search and rescue,as well as the five PR execution tasks of report,locating,support,recovery,and reintegration. Main features of US military combat search and rescue were concluded,including focusing on system planning of search and rescue whole process,laying emphasis on professional search and rescue abilities,deployment of advanced search and rescue equipment,and full-staff training of survival skills.
引文
[1]United States Joint Chiefs of Staff.Joint Publication 3-50:Personnel Recovery[Z].2011-12-20.
[2]Department of the Army.FM 3-50:Army Personnel Recovery[Z].2014-09-02.
[3]Department of the Air Force.Annex 3-50:Personnel Recovery[Z].2014-12-04.
[4]Department of the Navy.NTTP 3-50.1:Navy Search and Rescue(SAR)Manual[Z].2009-04.
[5]United States Joint Chiefs of Staff.Joint Publication 1-02:DODDictionary of Military and Associated Terms[Z].2011-01-31.
[6]Department of the Army.ADP 1:The Army[Z].2012-09.
[7]United StatesD epartment of Defense.DODD 3002.01E:Personnel Recovery in the Department of Defense[Z].2009-04-16.
[8]United StatesD epartment of Defense.DODI 3003.01:Department of Defense Support to Civil Search and Rescue(SAR)[Z].2011-09-26.
[9]张毓桐,李楠.美国空军搜索救援队[J].外国空军训练,2011(4):51-53.
[10]郭华容,刘畅.外国搜救劲旅一瞥[J].中国空军,2012(5):24-25.
[11]赵伟,王雨飞,王晶横.美空军航空搜救研究及启示[J].空军军事学术,2016(1):123-125.
[2]Department of the Army.FM 3-50:Army Personnel Recovery[Z].2014-09-02.
[3]Department of the Air Force.Annex 3-50:Personnel Recovery[Z].2014-12-04.
[4]Department of the Navy.NTTP 3-50.1:Navy Search and Rescue(SAR)Manual[Z].2009-04.
[5]United States Joint Chiefs of Staff.Joint Publication 1-02:DODDictionary of Military and Associated Terms[Z].2011-01-31.
[6]Department of the Army.ADP 1:The Army[Z].2012-09.
[7]United StatesD epartment of Defense.DODD 3002.01E:Personnel Recovery in the Department of Defense[Z].2009-04-16.
[8]United StatesD epartment of Defense.DODI 3003.01:Department of Defense Support to Civil Search and Rescue(SAR)[Z].2011-09-26.
[9]张毓桐,李楠.美国空军搜索救援队[J].外国空军训练,2011(4):51-53.
[10]郭华容,刘畅.外国搜救劲旅一瞥[J].中国空军,2012(5):24-25.
[11]赵伟,王雨飞,王晶横.美空军航空搜救研究及启示[J].空军军事学术,2016(1):123-125.