杉木活立木组织内的养分转移特征
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摘要
为了探讨杉木活立木组织内的养分转移规律,为人工林养分循环的研究和经营管理提供科学依据,利用会同杉木林25年定位测定的生物量和养分数据,估算某林龄段以前生长的、且在这林龄段还存活的生物质中新补充或转移出的养分,分析了活立木组织内的养分转移特征。结果表明:活立木各器官组织都发生养分转移,而且N、P、K、Ca、Mg都能在活立木各器官组织内转移。林分郁闭前,新吸收的养分中有部分转移到某林龄段以前生长的、且在这林龄段还存活的物质内。林分郁闭后,各林龄阶段都表现出积累在原来生长的、且在该林龄段还存活的植物组织内的养分被转出来再利用。除从叶中转移出来养分量的随林龄增加而减少外,干、皮、枝和根中转移出来的养分量的随林龄增加的变化呈现先上升后下降的规律。杉木体内养分流动方向和转移量大小除受养分含量差异大小的制约外,还受林木不同生长阶段生理发育特征的影响。植物体内的养分转移和再利用是植物对养分贫瘠环境的一种适应机制,也是植物保存养分并维持体内养分平衡的一种重要养分利用策略。
The aims of this study were to investigate the internal nutrient cycling in live tissues of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) and to provide scientific basis for sustainable management of plantations. Used the ecological data of the past 25 years in Hunan Huitong Ecological Station and to estimate the forest age stage of growth before, and in the forest age paragraph the surviving biomass new supplement or transfer of nutrients, analyzed the stocking nutrient transfer characteristics within the organization. The results show that the stocking each organ organization is nutrient transfer, and N, P, K, Ca, Mg can transfer within the stocking each organ organization. Before the forest canopy closure, a new absorption of nutrients in part transferred to a forest age of growth before, and in the forest age paragraph the surviving material, after the forest canopy closure, the forest age stages showed accumulation in the growth of the original, and in the forest age paragraph the surviving plant nutrients transferred out recycling within the organization. The transferred nutrient from leaves decreased with increasing ages, while the change of nutrient components in stem, bark, branch and root increased with age and then decreased. This suggested that the direction and amount of nutrient transferred were determined not only by the differences of nutrient concentrations, but also by the physiological characteristics of the different growth stages of the trees. Nutrient transfer and reutilization of plant nutrients is an adaptation mechanism of plants to nutrient poor environment. It is also an important nutrient utilization strategy for plants to maintain nutrients and maintain nutrient balance.
The aims of this study were to investigate the internal nutrient cycling in live tissues of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) and to provide scientific basis for sustainable management of plantations. Used the ecological data of the past 25 years in Hunan Huitong Ecological Station and to estimate the forest age stage of growth before, and in the forest age paragraph the surviving biomass new supplement or transfer of nutrients, analyzed the stocking nutrient transfer characteristics within the organization. The results show that the stocking each organ organization is nutrient transfer, and N, P, K, Ca, Mg can transfer within the stocking each organ organization. Before the forest canopy closure, a new absorption of nutrients in part transferred to a forest age of growth before, and in the forest age paragraph the surviving material, after the forest canopy closure, the forest age stages showed accumulation in the growth of the original, and in the forest age paragraph the surviving plant nutrients transferred out recycling within the organization. The transferred nutrient from leaves decreased with increasing ages, while the change of nutrient components in stem, bark, branch and root increased with age and then decreased. This suggested that the direction and amount of nutrient transferred were determined not only by the differences of nutrient concentrations, but also by the physiological characteristics of the different growth stages of the trees. Nutrient transfer and reutilization of plant nutrients is an adaptation mechanism of plants to nutrient poor environment. It is also an important nutrient utilization strategy for plants to maintain nutrients and maintain nutrient balance.
引文
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[14]YUAN Z Y,CHEN H Y H.Decoupling of nitrogen and phosphorus in terrestrial plants associated with global changes[J].Nature Climate Change,2015,5(5):465-469.
[15]安卓,牛得草,文海燕,等.氮素添加对黄土高原典型草原长芒草氮磷重吸收率及C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):801-807.
[16]赵琼,刘兴宇,胡亚林,等.氮添加对兴安落叶松养分分配和再吸收效率的影响[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):14-19.
[17]费世民.火炬松人工林养分体内转移与内循环研究[J].林业科学,2001,37(3):14-19.
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[22]刘爱琴,范少辉,林开敏,等.不同栽植代数杉木林养分循环的比较研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,6(11):273-278.
[23]陈日升,康文星,周玉泉,等.杉木人工林养分循环随林龄变化的特征[J].植物生态学报,2018,42(2):173-184.
[24]MILLER H G.Carbon X Nutrient Interaction-the Limitations to Productivity,Proceeding of International Conference[J].Forest Nutrient Cycling,1987,373-385.
[25]KILIC D,KUTBAY H G,OZBUCAK T B,et al.Foliar resorption in Quercus petraea subsp.iberica and Arbutus andrachne along an elevational gradient[J].Annals of Forest Science,2010,67(2):213-221.
[26]王希华,黄建军,门恩荣.天童国家森林公园若干树种叶水平上养分利用效率的研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,33(4):13-16.
[27]薛立,徐燕,吴敏,等.四种阔叶树种中氮和磷的季节动态及其转移[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):520-526.
[28]曾德慧,陈广生,陈伏生,等.不同林龄樟子松叶片养分含量及其再吸收效率[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):21-27.
[29]LI Y,CHEN J,CUI J.Nutrient resorption in Caragana microphylla along a chronosequence of plantations:implications for desertified land restoration in North China[J].Ecological engineering,2013(53):299-305.
[30]邱岭军,胡欢甜,林宝平,等.不同林龄杉木养分重吸收率及其C∶N∶P化学计量特征[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):22-27.
[31]SHAVER G R,MELILLO J M.Nutrient budget s of marsh plants:efficiency concepts and relation to availability[J].Ecology,1984(65):1491-1510.
[32]MOGHADDAS E E Y,STEPHENS S L.Thinning,burning,and thin-burn fuel treatment effects on soil properties in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007(250):156-166.
[33]DEL ARCO J M,ESUCDERO A,GARRIDO M V.Effects of site characteristics on nitrogen retrains location from senescing leaves[J].Ecology,1991(58):701-708.
[34]庞圣江,杨保国,刘士玲,等.桂西北喀斯特山区4种森林表土土壤有机碳含量及其养分分布特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(4):60-64,71.
[35]ECKSTEIN R L,KARLSSON P S.Above-ground growth and nitrogen use by plant in a subarctic environment:effects of habitat life-form and species[J].Oikos,1997:311-324.
[36]KOBE R K,LEPCRYK C A,IYER M.Resorption effciency decreases with increasing green leaf nutrients in a global data set[J].Ecology,2005(86):2780-2792.
[37]MILLA R,CASTRO-DIEZ P,MAESTRO-MARTINEZ M,et al.Does the Gradualness of Leaf Shedding Govern Nutrient Resorption from Senescing Leaves in Mediterranean Woody Plants?[J].Plant and Soil,2005,278(2):303-313.
[38]HUANG J J,WANG X H.Leaf nutrient concentration,nutrient resorption and litter decomposition in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in eastern China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007(239):150-158.
[39]HOSSEINI S M,ROUHI-MOGHADDAM E,EBRAHIMI E,et al.Comparison of growth,nutrition and soil properties of pure stands of Quercus castaneifolia and mixed with Zelkova carpinifolia in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008(240):126-148.
[40]SMITH WIILAM H.Air pollution and Forest-interdtion between air contiaminants and forest ecosystsems.Springvertag[M].New York:New York Inc,1981:186-189.
[41]MARSCHNER H,KIRKBY E A,ENGELS C.Importance of cycling and recycling of mineral nutrients within plants for growth and development[J].Botanica Acta,1997(110):26-273.
[42]KILLINGBECK K T.The terminological jungle revisited:making a case for use of the term resorption[J].Oikos,1986,46:263-264.
[43]VAN HEERWAARDEN L M,TOET S,AERTS R.Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiency and proficiency in six subarctic bog species after 4 years of nitrogen fertilization[J].Jounal of Ecology,2003,91:1060-1070.
[44]LAL C B,ANNAPURNA C,RAGHUBANSHI A S,et al.Effect of leaf habit and soil type on nutrient resorption and conservation inwoody species of a dry tropical environment[J].Can.J.Bot.,2001(79):1066-1075.
[45]江大龙,徐侠,阮宏华.植物养分重吸收及其影响研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):183-188.
[46]WILLIAMS R F.Redistribution of mineral elements during development[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1955,6(1):25-42.
[2]FRESCHET G T,CORNEL ISSEN J H,VAN LOGTESTLIN RS,et al.Substantial nutrient resorption from leaves,stem and roots in a subarctic flora:what is the link with other resource economics traits[J].New Phytol.,2010,186(4):879-889.
[3]MAO R,SONG C C,ZHANG X H,et al.Response of leaf,sheath and stem nutrient resorption to 7 years N addition in fresh water wetland of Northeast China[J].Plant Soil,2012,364(1):385-394.
[4]BRANT A N,CHEN H Y H.Patterns and mechanisms of nutrient resorption in plant[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2015,34(5):471-486.
[5]YUAN Z Y,CHEN H Y H,REICH P B.Global scale latitudinal patterns of plant fine-root nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Nature Commun.,2011(2):344-356.
[6]SARDANS J,PENUELAS J.The role of plants in the effects of global change on nutrient availability and stoichiometry in the plant-soil system[J].Plant Physiology,2012,160(4):1741-1761.
[7]OORTER H,NIKLAS K J,REICH P B.et al.Biomass allocation to leaves and roots:meta analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control[J].New Phytology,2012,193(1):30-50.
[8]CHEN H Y H,BRASSARD B W.Intrinsic and extrinsic controls of fine root life span[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2013,32(3):151-161.
[9]YE G F,ZHANG S J,ZHANG L H,et al.Age-related changes in nutrient resorption patterns and tannin concentration of Casuarina equisetifolia plantations[J].Journal of Tropical Science,2012(4):546-545.
[10]COSTA T L,SAMPAIOEVS B SALES M F,et al.Root and shoot biomasses in tropical dry forest of semi-arid Northeast Brazil[J].Plant Soil,2014,378(1):113-123.
[11]邓浩俊,陈爱民,严思维,等.不同林龄新银合欢重吸收率及其C∶N∶P化学计量特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(3):522-527.
[12]SARDANS J,PENUELAS J.Tree growth changes with climate and forest type are associated with relative allocation of nutrients especially phosphorus,to leaves and wood[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2012,22(4):494-507.
[13]DDLGADO-BAQUERIZU M,MAESTRE F T,GALLARDO A,et al.Decoupling of soil nutrient cycles as a function of aridity in global dry lands[J].Nature,2013,502(7473):672-676.
[14]YUAN Z Y,CHEN H Y H.Decoupling of nitrogen and phosphorus in terrestrial plants associated with global changes[J].Nature Climate Change,2015,5(5):465-469.
[15]安卓,牛得草,文海燕,等.氮素添加对黄土高原典型草原长芒草氮磷重吸收率及C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):801-807.
[16]赵琼,刘兴宇,胡亚林,等.氮添加对兴安落叶松养分分配和再吸收效率的影响[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):14-19.
[17]费世民.火炬松人工林养分体内转移与内循环研究[J].林业科学,2001,37(3):14-19.
[18]MILLER H G.Dynamics of nutrient cycling in plantation ecosystems[C]//Nutrition of Plantation Forests.London:Academic Press,1984:53-78.
[19]曹建华,李小波,赵春梅,等.森林生态系统养分循环研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2007,27(6):68-78.
[20]林业部科技司.森林生态系统研究方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994.
[21]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[22]刘爱琴,范少辉,林开敏,等.不同栽植代数杉木林养分循环的比较研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,6(11):273-278.
[23]陈日升,康文星,周玉泉,等.杉木人工林养分循环随林龄变化的特征[J].植物生态学报,2018,42(2):173-184.
[24]MILLER H G.Carbon X Nutrient Interaction-the Limitations to Productivity,Proceeding of International Conference[J].Forest Nutrient Cycling,1987,373-385.
[25]KILIC D,KUTBAY H G,OZBUCAK T B,et al.Foliar resorption in Quercus petraea subsp.iberica and Arbutus andrachne along an elevational gradient[J].Annals of Forest Science,2010,67(2):213-221.
[26]王希华,黄建军,门恩荣.天童国家森林公园若干树种叶水平上养分利用效率的研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,33(4):13-16.
[27]薛立,徐燕,吴敏,等.四种阔叶树种中氮和磷的季节动态及其转移[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):520-526.
[28]曾德慧,陈广生,陈伏生,等.不同林龄樟子松叶片养分含量及其再吸收效率[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):21-27.
[29]LI Y,CHEN J,CUI J.Nutrient resorption in Caragana microphylla along a chronosequence of plantations:implications for desertified land restoration in North China[J].Ecological engineering,2013(53):299-305.
[30]邱岭军,胡欢甜,林宝平,等.不同林龄杉木养分重吸收率及其C∶N∶P化学计量特征[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):22-27.
[31]SHAVER G R,MELILLO J M.Nutrient budget s of marsh plants:efficiency concepts and relation to availability[J].Ecology,1984(65):1491-1510.
[32]MOGHADDAS E E Y,STEPHENS S L.Thinning,burning,and thin-burn fuel treatment effects on soil properties in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007(250):156-166.
[33]DEL ARCO J M,ESUCDERO A,GARRIDO M V.Effects of site characteristics on nitrogen retrains location from senescing leaves[J].Ecology,1991(58):701-708.
[34]庞圣江,杨保国,刘士玲,等.桂西北喀斯特山区4种森林表土土壤有机碳含量及其养分分布特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(4):60-64,71.
[35]ECKSTEIN R L,KARLSSON P S.Above-ground growth and nitrogen use by plant in a subarctic environment:effects of habitat life-form and species[J].Oikos,1997:311-324.
[36]KOBE R K,LEPCRYK C A,IYER M.Resorption effciency decreases with increasing green leaf nutrients in a global data set[J].Ecology,2005(86):2780-2792.
[37]MILLA R,CASTRO-DIEZ P,MAESTRO-MARTINEZ M,et al.Does the Gradualness of Leaf Shedding Govern Nutrient Resorption from Senescing Leaves in Mediterranean Woody Plants?[J].Plant and Soil,2005,278(2):303-313.
[38]HUANG J J,WANG X H.Leaf nutrient concentration,nutrient resorption and litter decomposition in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in eastern China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007(239):150-158.
[39]HOSSEINI S M,ROUHI-MOGHADDAM E,EBRAHIMI E,et al.Comparison of growth,nutrition and soil properties of pure stands of Quercus castaneifolia and mixed with Zelkova carpinifolia in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008(240):126-148.
[40]SMITH WIILAM H.Air pollution and Forest-interdtion between air contiaminants and forest ecosystsems.Springvertag[M].New York:New York Inc,1981:186-189.
[41]MARSCHNER H,KIRKBY E A,ENGELS C.Importance of cycling and recycling of mineral nutrients within plants for growth and development[J].Botanica Acta,1997(110):26-273.
[42]KILLINGBECK K T.The terminological jungle revisited:making a case for use of the term resorption[J].Oikos,1986,46:263-264.
[43]VAN HEERWAARDEN L M,TOET S,AERTS R.Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiency and proficiency in six subarctic bog species after 4 years of nitrogen fertilization[J].Jounal of Ecology,2003,91:1060-1070.
[44]LAL C B,ANNAPURNA C,RAGHUBANSHI A S,et al.Effect of leaf habit and soil type on nutrient resorption and conservation inwoody species of a dry tropical environment[J].Can.J.Bot.,2001(79):1066-1075.
[45]江大龙,徐侠,阮宏华.植物养分重吸收及其影响研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):183-188.
[46]WILLIAMS R F.Redistribution of mineral elements during development[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1955,6(1):25-42.
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