中、新生代超级汇聚背景下的陆内差异变形:华北伸展裂解和华南挤压逆冲
摘要
中、新生代期间,太平洋板块向西俯冲、印度板块向北俯冲于欧亚板块下以及中生代鄂霍次克海的消亡导致中亚造山带的向南俯冲,三者围限的中心三角形地带正是中国东部两个核心地块———华北和华南地块,而且,该区中、新生代始终处于全球三大构造域超级汇聚的中心。但是,在这种超级汇聚背景下,分别于华北和华南陆块的核部形成了两种截然相反的构造类型:华北克拉通东部破坏、伸展、裂解导致了中、新生代渤海湾盆地的形成,以张性构造为特征;而华南陆块总体发生收缩、挤压、逆冲导致了宽阔的陆内挤压变形系统,以压性构造为特征。文中综合我们近10年来渤海湾盆地构造的研究成果和2006年以来对华南陆内构造系统的系统调查成果,分析华北与华南中、新生代陆内构造变形差异的大陆动力学变形机制。初步分析表明,虽然两者浅部都处于汇聚背景下,但是宏观的层析成像结果表明,华南与华北的深部状态明显不同,推断其变形机制可能也不同。建议大陆动力学研究要关注深部构造研究,进一步理顺深-浅部构造关系。
During the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic,two important blocks in East China,the North China and South China blocks,were exactly a center surrounded by westward subduction of the Pacific Plate,northward subduction of the India Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate and southward subduction of the Central Asian Orogen due to Mesozoic Okhotsk Sea.It was a convergent center of the three global tectonic domains.Under the same setting of the super-convergence,two distinct structures are the extensional structures in the Meso-Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basin in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton and the compressional structures in the center of the South China Block characterized by shortening,thrusting and decollement.On the basis of our 10-year research on the formation of the Bohai Bay Basin and the post-2006 research on the intracontinental tectonic system of the South China Block,we focus on the continental dynamics of distinct Mesozoic to Cenozoic deformations in North and South China.It is revealed that the deep structures between North and South China are distinctly different according to the tomographic images although they have the same shallow setting of super convergence.Therefore,they possibly have different deformation mechanism.It is suggested that the continental dynamics should focus on the structures of deep Earth to reveal the relationship between deep and shallow structures.
During the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic,two important blocks in East China,the North China and South China blocks,were exactly a center surrounded by westward subduction of the Pacific Plate,northward subduction of the India Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate and southward subduction of the Central Asian Orogen due to Mesozoic Okhotsk Sea.It was a convergent center of the three global tectonic domains.Under the same setting of the super-convergence,two distinct structures are the extensional structures in the Meso-Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basin in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton and the compressional structures in the center of the South China Block characterized by shortening,thrusting and decollement.On the basis of our 10-year research on the formation of the Bohai Bay Basin and the post-2006 research on the intracontinental tectonic system of the South China Block,we focus on the continental dynamics of distinct Mesozoic to Cenozoic deformations in North and South China.It is revealed that the deep structures between North and South China are distinctly different according to the tomographic images although they have the same shallow setting of super convergence.Therefore,they possibly have different deformation mechanism.It is suggested that the continental dynamics should focus on the structures of deep Earth to reveal the relationship between deep and shallow structures.
引文
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